Tyrannosaurs bit each other's faces in dino fight clubs

Spectacular valleys and cliffs hidden beneath the North Sea | COVID-19 test caused man's 9-month-long brain fluid leak | Tyrannosaurs bit each other's faces in dino fight clubs Created for {EMAIL} | [Web Version]( September 10, 2021 CONNECT WITH LIVESCIENCE  [Facebook]( [Twitter](  [LIVESCIENCE]( [LIVESCIENCE]( Amazing science every day [SIGN UP]( ⋅ [WEBSITE](  [] Top Science News [] [Spectacular valleys and cliffs hidden beneath the North Sea]( [Spectacular valleys and cliffs hidden beneath the North Sea]( (British Antarctic Survey) Like a bowl of spaghetti noodles spilled across the floor of the North Sea, a vast array of hidden tunnel valleys wind and meander across what was once an ice-covered landscape. These valleys are remnants of ancient rivers that once drained water from melting ice sheets. Now, scientists have achieved the clearest view yet of these channels. They're buried hundreds of feet beneath the seafloor, and they are enormous, ranging from about 0.6 to 3.7 miles (1 to 6 kilometers) wide. The new imaging reveals fine-grained details within these expansive features: small, delicate ridges of sediment, larger walls of sediment that can be miles long and craters called kettle holes left behind by melting chunks of ice. Full Story: [LiveScience]( (9/10) [LinkedIn]( [Twitter]( [Facebook]( [Email]( [] COVID-19 [] [COVID-19 test caused man's 9-month-long brain fluid leak]( [COVID-19 test caused man's 9-month-long brain fluid leak]( (Shutterstock) A man's persistently runny nose following a COVID-19 test wasn't caused by allergies as he suspected, but rather cerebrospinal fluid leaking from his brain, according to a new report. The man, who lives in the Czech Republic, received a COVID-19 nasal swab test in March 2020 after he had contact with a person infected with COVID-19, according to the report, published Thursday (Sept. 9) in the journal JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery. The man's test was negative, but afterward he experienced a runny nose from just his right nostril. This symptom, which the patient mistakenly thought was due to allergies, lasted for months before he went to see a doctor in December 2020. Full Story: [LiveScience]( (9/9) [LinkedIn]( [Twitter]( [Facebook]( [Email]( [] History & Archaeology [] [Tyrannosaurs bit each other's faces in dino fight clubs]( [Tyrannosaurs bit each other's faces in dino fight clubs]( (Julius Csotonyi; Royal Tyrrell Museum) Tyrannosaurs viciously bit each other on the face, though likely not with the intention to kill. Rather, these biting brawls were probably the result of different individuals' competing for prizes, such as territory, mates or higher status, a new study finds. Researchers made the discovery after analyzing 202 tyrannosaur skulls and jaws that had a total of 324 scars. Almost immediately, the team realized that young tyrannosaurs didn't have bite marks on their faces. Instead, about half of the older tyrannosaurs had them, indicating that perhaps only older members of one sex partook in these fights. Full Story: [LiveScience]( (9/9) [LinkedIn]( [Twitter]( [Facebook]( [Email]( [] Space Exploration [] [Smoke sets off alarms on the International Space Station]( [Smoke sets off alarms on the International Space Station]( (Shutterstock) Alarms blared aboard the Russian side of the International Space Station (ISS) early Thursday (Sept. 9), and the crew reported seeing smoke and smelling burnt plastic, according to news reports. The incident occurred in Russia's Zvezda module as the station's batteries were recharging, Russia's space agency, Roscosmos, reported, according to the BBC. The systems are now back to normal, and the crew has returned to "regular training," Roscosmos said. The ISS crew activated air filters, which cleared the air, according to the Associated Press. Though this incident has been resolved, it wasn't the first time the ISS has dealt with worrisome events. And it likely won't be the last. Full Story: [LiveScience]( (9/9) [LinkedIn]( [Twitter]( [Facebook]( [Email]( [] Math & Physics [] [Super-precise clock tech wins $3 million physics Breakthrough Prize]( [Super-precise clock tech wins $3 million physics Breakthrough Prize]( (C. Henze/NASA Ames Research Center) Two physicists just snagged $3 million for helping develop a super-precise clock that could allow scientists to study and explore the universe like never before. Hidetoshi Yatori and Jun Ye won the 2022 Breakthrough Prize in Fundamental Physics "for outstanding contributions to the invention and development of the optical lattice clock, which enables precision tests of the fundamental laws of nature," Breakthrough Prize representatives announced today (Sept. 9). Yatori is based at the University of Tokyo and Japan's Riken research institute, and Ye calls the University of Colorado Boulder and the National Institute of Standards and Technology home. The duo worked independently and will share the $3 million award. Full Story: [LiveScience]( (9/10) [LinkedIn]( [Twitter]( [Facebook]( [Email]( [] Climate Change [] [Strict caps must be set on fossil fuel extraction to meet climate goals, study finds]( [Strict caps must be set on fossil fuel extraction to meet climate goals, study finds]( (Getty / MARK RALSTON / AFP) Nearly 60% of the world's oil and methane gas reserves and 90% of its coal reserves must remain in the ground by 2050 in order to meet the climate goals set by the Paris Agreement, a new study finds. Leaving these fossil fuel reserves untouched would give the world a 50% chance of limiting the increase in global average temperatures to 2.7 degrees Fahrenheit (1.5 degrees Celsius) above preindustrial levels, according to the study, published Wednesday (Sept. 8) in the journal Nature. "If we want a higher chance of staying below 1.5 C, then we have to, of course, keep more carbon in the ground, more fossil fuels in the ground," study co-author James Price, a research associate at the University College London (UCL) Energy Institute, told reporters at a news conference Tuesday (Sept. 7). Full Story: [LiveScience]( (9/10) [LinkedIn]( [Twitter]( [Facebook]( [Email]( [] Curious Creatures [] [An 18-foot-long sea monster ruled the ancient ocean that once covered Kansas]( [An 18-foot-long sea monster ruled the ancient ocean that once covered Kansas]( (Illustration by Takashi Oda) About 80 million years ago, when dinosaurs walked the Earth, an 18-foot-long (5 meters) sea monster called a mosasaur cruised the ancient ocean that once covered western Kansas, snagging prey with its slender, tooth-lined snout. Paleontologists discovered the fossil of this beast in the 1970s, but they had difficulty classifying it, so it ended up stored with other mosasaur specimens in the Platecarpus genus, at Fort Hays State University's Sternberg Museum of Natural History (FHSM) in Kansas. Recently, researchers revisited the enigmatic fossil — pieces of a skull, jaw and a few bones from behind the head — and found that the reptile didn't belong in the Platecarpus genus. Rather, it was a close relative of a rare mosasaur species known from just one specimen, scientists reported in a new study. Full Story: [LiveScience]( (9/10) [LinkedIn]( [Twitter]( [Facebook]( [Email]( [] Daily Quiz [] POLL QUESTION: Does salt make water boil faster? 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