Opinion Today: The many strengths of “weak language”

Many people, women especially, have been encouraged to speak assertively. But there’s more to the story. [View in browser](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRmrMruP4QoAWh0dHBzOi8vbWVzc2FnaW5nLWN1c3RvbS1uZXdzbGV0dGVycy5ueXRpbWVzLmNvbS90ZW1wbGF0ZS9vYWt2Mj9jYW1wYWlnbl9pZD0zOSZlbWM9ZWRpdF90eV8yMDIzMDgwMiZpbnN0YW5jZV9pZD05OTAyNyZubD1vcGluaW9uLXRvZGF5JnByb2R1Y3RDb2RlPVRZJnJlZ2lfaWQ9Nzc2NzQ5NTImc2VnbWVudF9pZD0xNDA4OTMmdGU9MSZ1cmk9bnl0JTNBJTJGJTJGbmV3c2xldHRlciUyRjUxYWY0ZWRjLWY3MDEtNTcwYy04Mjk2LWViY2ZlMWU1MWQ1YiZ1c2VyX2lkPWFhNDkxZWY3ZjFkOTY0ZTQ5NzlmYjc4NGU3NGUwMWQ3VwNueXRCCmTJ7kXKZGtPTONSG3RyaXN0cmFtYmFsZHdpbjkwQGdtYWlsLmNvbVgEAAAAAw~~)|[nytimes.com](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRmrMruP0SwaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vP2NhbXBhaWduX2lkPTM5JmVtYz1lZGl0X3R5XzIwMjMwODAyJmluc3RhbmNlX2lkPTk5MDI3Jm5sPW9waW5pb24tdG9kYXkmcmVnaV9pZD03NzY3NDk1MiZzZWdtZW50X2lkPTE0MDg5MyZ0ZT0xJnVzZXJfaWQ9YWE0OTFlZjdmMWQ5NjRlNDk3OWZiNzg0ZTc0ZTAxZDdXA255dEIKZMnuRcpka09M41IbdHJpc3RyYW1iYWxkd2luOTBAZ21haWwuY29tWAQAAAAD)[Continue reading the main story](#a11y-skip-ad-marquee) [Marquee Ad](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRmrMruP0SYaHR0cHM6Ly9saXZlaW50ZW50Lm5ld3lvcmt0aW1lc2luZm8uY29tL2NsaWNrP3M9MTYyMTM5JmxpPVRZJm09YWE0OTFlZjdmMWQ5NjRlNDk3OWZiNzg0ZTc0ZTAxZDcmcD1UWV8yMDIzMDgwMiZ0ZT0xJm5sPW9waW5pb24tdG9kYXkmZW1jPWVkaXRfdHlfMjAyMzA4MDJXA255dEIKZMnuRcpka09M41IbdHJpc3RyYW1iYWxkd2luOTBAZ21haWwuY29tWAQAAAAD) [Read more from Opinion](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRmrMruP0S_aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vc2VjdGlvbi9vcGluaW9uP2NhbXBhaWduX2lkPTM5JmVtYz1lZGl0X3R5XzIwMjMwODAyJmluc3RhbmNlX2lkPTk5MDI3Jm5sPW9waW5pb24tdG9kYXkmcmVnaV9pZD03NzY3NDk1MiZzZWdtZW50X2lkPTE0MDg5MyZ0ZT0xJnVzZXJfaWQ9YWE0OTFlZjdmMWQ5NjRlNDk3OWZiNzg0ZTc0ZTAxZDdXA255dEIKZMnuRcpka09M41IbdHJpc3RyYW1iYWxkd2luOTBAZ21haWwuY29tWAQAAAAD) August 2, 2023 [Author Headshot](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRmrMruP0TAaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vYnkvYXJpZWwta2FtaW5lcj9jYW1wYWlnbl9pZD0zOSZlbWM9ZWRpdF90eV8yMDIzMDgwMiZpbnN0YW5jZV9pZD05OTAyNyZubD1vcGluaW9uLXRvZGF5JnJlZ2lfaWQ9Nzc2NzQ5NTImc2VnbWVudF9pZD0xNDA4OTMmdGU9MSZ1c2VyX2lkPWFhNDkxZWY3ZjFkOTY0ZTQ5NzlmYjc4NGU3NGUwMWQ3VwNueXRCCmTJ7kXKZGtPTONSG3RyaXN0cmFtYmFsZHdpbjkwQGdtYWlsLmNvbVgEAAAAAw~~) By [Ariel Kaminer](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRmrMruP0TAaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vYnkvYXJpZWwta2FtaW5lcj9jYW1wYWlnbl9pZD0zOSZlbWM9ZWRpdF90eV8yMDIzMDgwMiZpbnN0YW5jZV9pZD05OTAyNyZubD1vcGluaW9uLXRvZGF5JnJlZ2lfaWQ9Nzc2NzQ5NTImc2VnbWVudF9pZD0xNDA4OTMmdGU9MSZ1c2VyX2lkPWFhNDkxZWY3ZjFkOTY0ZTQ5NzlmYjc4NGU3NGUwMWQ3VwNueXRCCmTJ7kXKZGtPTONSG3RyaXN0cmFtYmFsZHdpbjkwQGdtYWlsLmNvbVgEAAAAAw~~) Deputy Op-Ed Editor for Ideas & Investigations Imagine telling your boss you want a raise. Do you declare your intention, lay out the argument and make the ask? Or do you apologize for interrupting, make a self-deprecating aside, tentatively float the idea and then check to make sure you haven’t overstepped your bounds? That is an (exaggerated) example of what’s sometimes described as weak language, and [studies](~/AAAAAQA~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~) show women are much more likely to use it than men are. Women are also frequently chided for it, by well-meaning people who regard it as self-defeating. But in a [Times Opinion guest essay this week](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRmrMruP0TbaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMy8wNy8zMS9vcGluaW9uL3dvbWVuLWxhbmd1YWdlLXdvcmsuaHRtbD9jYW1wYWlnbl9pZD0zOSZlbWM9ZWRpdF90eV8yMDIzMDgwMiZpbnN0YW5jZV9pZD05OTAyNyZubD1vcGluaW9uLXRvZGF5JnJlZ2lfaWQ9Nzc2NzQ5NTImc2VnbWVudF9pZD0xNDA4OTMmdGU9MSZ1c2VyX2lkPWFhNDkxZWY3ZjFkOTY0ZTQ5NzlmYjc4NGU3NGUwMWQ3VwNueXRCCmTJ7kXKZGtPTONSG3RyaXN0cmFtYmFsZHdpbjkwQGdtYWlsLmNvbVgEAAAAAw~~), Adam Grant argues that weak language may be anything but. Grant, a renowned organizational psychologist, draws on evidence from dozens of studies, but many women intuitively understand the dynamics at work — and why this kind of subtle verbal signaling can, paradoxically, be a power move. Of course, the fact that women are often penalized for just coming out and advocating for themselves directly — and are left to develop these ingenious but, in the end, kind of exhausting rhetorical workarounds — is all further evidence that a double standard is still firmly in place. Read the essay to hear Grant’s ideas on how to lessen that imbalance, then debate them in whatever verbal style works best for you. What our readers are saying I felt so validated by this article. I’ve attended so many feminist leadership and negotiation training courses where I was criticized for using weak or hedging language. But when I got back to my desk, I found that using strong language offended my peers (both men and women) and using weak language let me navigate relationships more smoothly and got me promoted more quickly. — [H.W., New York City](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRmrMruP0TAaHR0cHM6Ly9ueXRpLm1zLzQ0VzA2T0U_Y2FtcGFpZ25faWQ9MzkmZW1jPWVkaXRfdHlfMjAyMzA4MDImaW5zdGFuY2VfaWQ9OTkwMjcmbmw9b3Bpbmlvbi10b2RheSZyZWdpX2lkPTc3Njc0OTUyJnNlZ21lbnRfaWQ9MTQwODkzJnRlPTEmdXNlcl9pZD1hYTQ5MWVmN2YxZDk2NGU0OTc5ZmI3ODRlNzRlMDFkNyNwZXJtaWQ9MTI2NjY2NDQxVwNueXRCCmTJ7kXKZGtPTONSG3RyaXN0cmFtYmFsZHdpbjkwQGdtYWlsLmNvbVgEAAAAAw~~) What the author misses is that it is exhausting to have to constantly tailor my communication style so as to not come across as aggressive or opinionated when talking to men. I am a woman working in a technical field, and on top of the extra effort spent in trying to communicate with intention, I also often find myself having to provide twice as much evidence to support any conclusions I might be putting forth. It is tiring and demoralizing. — [Jackie B., Toronto](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRmrMruP0TAaHR0cHM6Ly9ueXRpLm1zLzNZaEhnaXM_Y2FtcGFpZ25faWQ9MzkmZW1jPWVkaXRfdHlfMjAyMzA4MDImaW5zdGFuY2VfaWQ9OTkwMjcmbmw9b3Bpbmlvbi10b2RheSZyZWdpX2lkPTc3Njc0OTUyJnNlZ21lbnRfaWQ9MTQwODkzJnRlPTEmdXNlcl9pZD1hYTQ5MWVmN2YxZDk2NGU0OTc5ZmI3ODRlNzRlMDFkNyNwZXJtaWQ9MTI2NjY0MDkzVwNueXRCCmTJ7kXKZGtPTONSG3RyaXN0cmFtYmFsZHdpbjkwQGdtYWlsLmNvbVgEAAAAAw~~) I work in a lab setting as an engineer. I’m a woman, and every other engineer at the company is a man. I’ve always used this type of language to convey my opinions about an experiment but have been told by many boyfriends/brothers/male friends that I shouldn’t hedge or say “I hope” and should just insist on my point of view until I convince them. This article supports my findings that their advice wouldn’t work for me. I need to follow my instincts and read the room. I always thought that if I studied more and had more experience in the lab, this would change, but it hasn’t, and I doubt it will. It’s a deep conviction people hold about how the world works and how men and women should behave. — [P.M., Colorado](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRmrMruP0TAaHR0cHM6Ly9ueXRpLm1zLzQzTmpUeW0_Y2FtcGFpZ25faWQ9MzkmZW1jPWVkaXRfdHlfMjAyMzA4MDImaW5zdGFuY2VfaWQ9OTkwMjcmbmw9b3Bpbmlvbi10b2RheSZyZWdpX2lkPTc3Njc0OTUyJnNlZ21lbnRfaWQ9MTQwODkzJnRlPTEmdXNlcl9pZD1hYTQ5MWVmN2YxZDk2NGU0OTc5ZmI3ODRlNzRlMDFkNyNwZXJtaWQ9MTI2NjY0NzM1VwNueXRCCmTJ7kXKZGtPTONSG3RyaXN0cmFtYmFsZHdpbjkwQGdtYWlsLmNvbVgEAAAAAw~~) [Read the essay here](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRmrMruP0TbaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMy8wNy8zMS9vcGluaW9uL3dvbWVuLWxhbmd1YWdlLXdvcmsuaHRtbD9jYW1wYWlnbl9pZD0zOSZlbWM9ZWRpdF90eV8yMDIzMDgwMiZpbnN0YW5jZV9pZD05OTAyNyZubD1vcGluaW9uLXRvZGF5JnJlZ2lfaWQ9Nzc2NzQ5NTImc2VnbWVudF9pZD0xNDA4OTMmdGU9MSZ1c2VyX2lkPWFhNDkxZWY3ZjFkOTY0ZTQ5NzlmYjc4NGU3NGUwMWQ3VwNueXRCCmTJ7kXKZGtPTONSG3RyaXN0cmFtYmFsZHdpbjkwQGdtYWlsLmNvbVgEAAAAAw~~) and [join the conversation in the comments.](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRmrMruP0TtaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMy8wNy8zMS9vcGluaW9uL3dvbWVuLWxhbmd1YWdlLXdvcmsuaHRtbD9jYW1wYWlnbl9pZD0zOSZlbWM9ZWRpdF90eV8yMDIzMDgwMiZpbnN0YW5jZV9pZD05OTAyNyZubD1vcGluaW9uLXRvZGF5JnJlZ2lfaWQ9Nzc2NzQ5NTImc2VnbWVudF9pZD0xNDA4OTMmdGU9MSZ1c2VyX2lkPWFhNDkxZWY3ZjFkOTY0ZTQ5NzlmYjc4NGU3NGUwMWQ3I2NvbW1lbnRzQ29udGFpbmVyVwNueXRCCmTJ7kXKZGtPTONSG3RyaXN0cmFtYmFsZHdpbjkwQGdtYWlsLmNvbVgEAAAAAw~~) [[Article Image] Illustration by Shoshana Schultz/The New York Times](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRmrMruP0TbaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMy8wNy8zMS9vcGluaW9uL3dvbWVuLWxhbmd1YWdlLXdvcmsuaHRtbD9jYW1wYWlnbl9pZD0zOSZlbWM9ZWRpdF90eV8yMDIzMDgwMiZpbnN0YW5jZV9pZD05OTAyNyZubD1vcGluaW9uLXRvZGF5JnJlZ2lfaWQ9Nzc2NzQ5NTImc2VnbWVudF9pZD0xNDA4OTMmdGU9MSZ1c2VyX2lkPWFhNDkxZWY3ZjFkOTY0ZTQ5NzlmYjc4NGU3NGUwMWQ3VwNueXRCCmTJ7kXKZGtPTONSG3RyaXN0cmFtYmFsZHdpbjkwQGdtYWlsLmNvbVgEAAAAAw~~) [GUEST ESSAY Women Know Exactly What They’re Doing When They Use ‘Weak Language’ If you don’t mind, I think I’d like to propose a theory about gender norms. Would that work? By Adam Grant](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRmrMruP0TbaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMy8wNy8zMS9vcGluaW9uL3dvbWVuLWxhbmd1YWdlLXdvcmsuaHRtbD9jYW1wYWlnbl9pZD0zOSZlbWM9ZWRpdF90eV8yMDIzMDgwMiZpbnN0YW5jZV9pZD05OTAyNyZubD1vcGluaW9uLXRvZGF5JnJlZ2lfaWQ9Nzc2NzQ5NTImc2VnbWVudF9pZD0xNDA4OTMmdGU9MSZ1c2VyX2lkPWFhNDkxZWY3ZjFkOTY0ZTQ5NzlmYjc4NGU3NGUwMWQ3VwNueXRCCmTJ7kXKZGtPTONSG3RyaXN0cmFtYmFsZHdpbjkwQGdtYWlsLmNvbVgEAAAAAw~~) [Continue reading the main story](#a11y-skip-universal-0) ADVERTISEMENT [Ad](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRmrMruP0SXaHR0cHM6Ly9saXZlaW50ZW50Lm5ld3lvcmt0aW1lc2luZm8uY29tL2NsaWNrP3M9NTk3ODUmbGk9VFkmbT1hYTQ5MWVmN2YxZDk2NGU0OTc5ZmI3ODRlNzRlMDFkNyZwPVRZXzIwMjMwODAyJnRlPTEmbmw9b3Bpbmlvbi10b2RheSZlbWM9ZWRpdF90eV8yMDIzMDgwMlcDbnl0Qgpkye5FymRrT0zjUht0cmlzdHJhbWJhbGR3aW45MEBnbWFpbC5jb21YBAAAAAM~) Here’s what we’re focusing on today: On the Donald Trump Indictment [[Article Image] Carlos Barria/Reuters](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRmrMruP0TYaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMy8wOC8wMS9vcGluaW9uL3RydW1wLWluZGljdG1lbnQuaHRtbD9jYW1wYWlnbl9pZD0zOSZlbWM9ZWRpdF90eV8yMDIzMDgwMiZpbnN0YW5jZV9pZD05OTAyNyZubD1vcGluaW9uLXRvZGF5JnJlZ2lfaWQ9Nzc2NzQ5NTImc2VnbWVudF9pZD0xNDA4OTMmdGU9MSZ1c2VyX2lkPWFhNDkxZWY3ZjFkOTY0ZTQ5NzlmYjc4NGU3NGUwMWQ3VwNueXRCCmTJ7kXKZGtPTONSG3RyaXN0cmFtYmFsZHdpbjkwQGdtYWlsLmNvbVgEAAAAAw~~) [DAVID FRENCH The Trial America Needs The special counsel Jack Smith’s case against Donald Trump on charges related to the 2020 election will not be easy. But it is necessary. By David French](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRmrMruP0TYaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMy8wOC8wMS9vcGluaW9uL3RydW1wLWluZGljdG1lbnQuaHRtbD9jYW1wYWlnbl9pZD0zOSZlbWM9ZWRpdF90eV8yMDIzMDgwMiZpbnN0YW5jZV9pZD05OTAyNyZubD1vcGluaW9uLXRvZGF5JnJlZ2lfaWQ9Nzc2NzQ5NTImc2VnbWVudF9pZD0xNDA4OTMmdGU9MSZ1c2VyX2lkPWFhNDkxZWY3ZjFkOTY0ZTQ5NzlmYjc4NGU3NGUwMWQ3VwNueXRCCmTJ7kXKZGtPTONSG3RyaXN0cmFtYmFsZHdpbjkwQGdtYWlsLmNvbVgEAAAAAw~~) [[Article Image] Drew Angerer/Getty Images](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRmrMruP0TjaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMy8wOC8wMi9vcGluaW9uL2phY2stc21pdGgtdHJ1bXAtaW5kaWN0bWVudC5odG1sP2NhbXBhaWduX2lkPTM5JmVtYz1lZGl0X3R5XzIwMjMwODAyJmluc3RhbmNlX2lkPTk5MDI3Jm5sPW9waW5pb24tdG9kYXkmcmVnaV9pZD03NzY3NDk1MiZzZWdtZW50X2lkPTE0MDg5MyZ0ZT0xJnVzZXJfaWQ9YWE0OTFlZjdmMWQ5NjRlNDk3OWZiNzg0ZTc0ZTAxZDdXA255dEIKZMnuRcpka09M41IbdHJpc3RyYW1iYWxkd2luOTBAZ21haWwuY29tWAQAAAAD) [GUEST ESSAY What Makes Jack Smith’s New Trump Indictment So Smart The strength of the indictment lies as much in what it charges as what it doesn’t charge. By Randall D. Eliason](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRmrMruP0TjaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMy8wOC8wMi9vcGluaW9uL2phY2stc21pdGgtdHJ1bXAtaW5kaWN0bWVudC5odG1sP2NhbXBhaWduX2lkPTM5JmVtYz1lZGl0X3R5XzIwMjMwODAyJmluc3RhbmNlX2lkPTk5MDI3Jm5sPW9waW5pb24tdG9kYXkmcmVnaV9pZD03NzY3NDk1MiZzZWdtZW50X2lkPTE0MDg5MyZ0ZT0xJnVzZXJfaWQ9YWE0OTFlZjdmMWQ5NjRlNDk3OWZiNzg0ZTc0ZTAxZDdXA255dEIKZMnuRcpka09M41IbdHJpc3RyYW1iYWxkd2luOTBAZ21haWwuY29tWAQAAAAD) [[Article Image] Getty Images](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRmrMruP0TnaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMy8wOC8wMi9vcGluaW9uL3RydW1wLWVsZWN0aW9uLWxpZXMtZnJlZS1zcGVlY2guaHRtbD9jYW1wYWlnbl9pZD0zOSZlbWM9ZWRpdF90eV8yMDIzMDgwMiZpbnN0YW5jZV9pZD05OTAyNyZubD1vcGluaW9uLXRvZGF5JnJlZ2lfaWQ9Nzc2NzQ5NTImc2VnbWVudF9pZD0xNDA4OTMmdGU9MSZ1c2VyX2lkPWFhNDkxZWY3ZjFkOTY0ZTQ5NzlmYjc4NGU3NGUwMWQ3VwNueXRCCmTJ7kXKZGtPTONSG3RyaXN0cmFtYmFsZHdpbjkwQGdtYWlsLmNvbVgEAAAAAw~~) [GUEST ESSAY Does Free Speech Protect Trump’s Election Lies? The question is no longer academic. By Thomas B. Edsall](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRmrMruP0TnaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMy8wOC8wMi9vcGluaW9uL3RydW1wLWVsZWN0aW9uLWxpZXMtZnJlZS1zcGVlY2guaHRtbD9jYW1wYWlnbl9pZD0zOSZlbWM9ZWRpdF90eV8yMDIzMDgwMiZpbnN0YW5jZV9pZD05OTAyNyZubD1vcGluaW9uLXRvZGF5JnJlZ2lfaWQ9Nzc2NzQ5NTImc2VnbWVudF9pZD0xNDA4OTMmdGU9MSZ1c2VyX2lkPWFhNDkxZWY3ZjFkOTY0ZTQ5NzlmYjc4NGU3NGUwMWQ3VwNueXRCCmTJ7kXKZGtPTONSG3RyaXN0cmFtYmFsZHdpbjkwQGdtYWlsLmNvbVgEAAAAAw~~) More From Opinion [BRET STEPHENS The Hard-Drug Decriminalization Disaster How soon is too soon to call a progressive and libertarian policy obsession a public policy fiasco? By Bret Stephens](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRmrMruP0TbaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMy8wOC8wMS9vcGluaW9uL29yZWdvbi1kcnVnLWZhaWx1cmUuaHRtbD9jYW1wYWlnbl9pZD0zOSZlbWM9ZWRpdF90eV8yMDIzMDgwMiZpbnN0YW5jZV9pZD05OTAyNyZubD1vcGluaW9uLXRvZGF5JnJlZ2lfaWQ9Nzc2NzQ5NTImc2VnbWVudF9pZD0xNDA4OTMmdGU9MSZ1c2VyX2lkPWFhNDkxZWY3ZjFkOTY0ZTQ5NzlmYjc4NGU3NGUwMWQ3VwNueXRCCmTJ7kXKZGtPTONSG3RyaXN0cmFtYmFsZHdpbjkwQGdtYWlsLmNvbVgEAAAAAw~~) [Article Image](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRmrMruP0TbaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMy8wOC8wMS9vcGluaW9uL29yZWdvbi1kcnVnLWZhaWx1cmUuaHRtbD9jYW1wYWlnbl9pZD0zOSZlbWM9ZWRpdF90eV8yMDIzMDgwMiZpbnN0YW5jZV9pZD05OTAyNyZubD1vcGluaW9uLXRvZGF5JnJlZ2lfaWQ9Nzc2NzQ5NTImc2VnbWVudF9pZD0xNDA4OTMmdGU9MSZ1c2VyX2lkPWFhNDkxZWY3ZjFkOTY0ZTQ5NzlmYjc4NGU3NGUwMWQ3VwNueXRCCmTJ7kXKZGtPTONSG3RyaXN0cmFtYmFsZHdpbjkwQGdtYWlsLmNvbVgEAAAAAw~~) [ROSS DOUTHAT From Jacobites to Populists How the wars of 18th-century Britain foreshadowed the divisions of our times. By Ross Douthat](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRmrMruP0TqaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMy8wOC8wMi9vcGluaW9uL2JyaXRhaW4tcG9wdWxpc20tamFjb2JpdGUtcG9saXRpY3MuaHRtbD9jYW1wYWlnbl9pZD0zOSZlbWM9ZWRpdF90eV8yMDIzMDgwMiZpbnN0YW5jZV9pZD05OTAyNyZubD1vcGluaW9uLXRvZGF5JnJlZ2lfaWQ9Nzc2NzQ5NTImc2VnbWVudF9pZD0xNDA4OTMmdGU9MSZ1c2VyX2lkPWFhNDkxZWY3ZjFkOTY0ZTQ5NzlmYjc4NGU3NGUwMWQ3VwNueXRCCmTJ7kXKZGtPTONSG3RyaXN0cmFtYmFsZHdpbjkwQGdtYWlsLmNvbVgEAAAAAw~~) [Article Image](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRmrMruP0TqaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMy8wOC8wMi9vcGluaW9uL2JyaXRhaW4tcG9wdWxpc20tamFjb2JpdGUtcG9saXRpY3MuaHRtbD9jYW1wYWlnbl9pZD0zOSZlbWM9ZWRpdF90eV8yMDIzMDgwMiZpbnN0YW5jZV9pZD05OTAyNyZubD1vcGluaW9uLXRvZGF5JnJlZ2lfaWQ9Nzc2NzQ5NTImc2VnbWVudF9pZD0xNDA4OTMmdGU9MSZ1c2VyX2lkPWFhNDkxZWY3ZjFkOTY0ZTQ5NzlmYjc4NGU3NGUwMWQ3VwNueXRCCmTJ7kXKZGtPTONSG3RyaXN0cmFtYmFsZHdpbjkwQGdtYWlsLmNvbVgEAAAAAw~~) [GUEST ESSAY The Magical Space Where Fun Is Every Child’s Birthright For kids in Philadelphia, the city’s recreation centers open a world of possibilities. By Adrian Eli René and Airea D. Matthews](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRmrMruP0TyaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMy8wOC8wMi9vcGluaW9uL3BoaWxhZGVscGhpYS1waG90b2dyYXBoeS15b3V0aC1yZWMtY2VudGVycy5odG1sP2NhbXBhaWduX2lkPTM5JmVtYz1lZGl0X3R5XzIwMjMwODAyJmluc3RhbmNlX2lkPTk5MDI3Jm5sPW9waW5pb24tdG9kYXkmcmVnaV9pZD03NzY3NDk1MiZzZWdtZW50X2lkPTE0MDg5MyZ0ZT0xJnVzZXJfaWQ9YWE0OTFlZjdmMWQ5NjRlNDk3OWZiNzg0ZTc0ZTAxZDdXA255dEIKZMnuRcpka09M41IbdHJpc3RyYW1iYWxkd2luOTBAZ21haWwuY29tWAQAAAAD) [Article Image](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRmrMruP0TyaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMy8wOC8wMi9vcGluaW9uL3BoaWxhZGVscGhpYS1waG90b2dyYXBoeS15b3V0aC1yZWMtY2VudGVycy5odG1sP2NhbXBhaWduX2lkPTM5JmVtYz1lZGl0X3R5XzIwMjMwODAyJmluc3RhbmNlX2lkPTk5MDI3Jm5sPW9waW5pb24tdG9kYXkmcmVnaV9pZD03NzY3NDk1MiZzZWdtZW50X2lkPTE0MDg5MyZ0ZT0xJnVzZXJfaWQ9YWE0OTFlZjdmMWQ5NjRlNDk3OWZiNzg0ZTc0ZTAxZDdXA255dEIKZMnuRcpka09M41IbdHJpc3RyYW1iYWxkd2luOTBAZ21haWwuY29tWAQAAAAD) [GUEST ESSAY Deep Inside Mountains, Work Is Getting Much More Dangerous Cases of severe black lung disease are back to the highest level in decades. It’s totally preventable. By Drew A. Harris](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRmrMruP0TsaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMy8wOC8wMi9vcGluaW9uL2hlYWx0aC9jb2FsLW1pbmluZy1ibGFjay1sdW5nLXNpbGljYS5odG1sP2NhbXBhaWduX2lkPTM5JmVtYz1lZGl0X3R5XzIwMjMwODAyJmluc3RhbmNlX2lkPTk5MDI3Jm5sPW9waW5pb24tdG9kYXkmcmVnaV9pZD03NzY3NDk1MiZzZWdtZW50X2lkPTE0MDg5MyZ0ZT0xJnVzZXJfaWQ9YWE0OTFlZjdmMWQ5NjRlNDk3OWZiNzg0ZTc0ZTAxZDdXA255dEIKZMnuRcpka09M41IbdHJpc3RyYW1iYWxkd2luOTBAZ21haWwuY29tWAQAAAAD) [Article Image](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRmrMruP0TsaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMy8wOC8wMi9vcGluaW9uL2hlYWx0aC9jb2FsLW1pbmluZy1ibGFjay1sdW5nLXNpbGljYS5odG1sP2NhbXBhaWduX2lkPTM5JmVtYz1lZGl0X3R5XzIwMjMwODAyJmluc3RhbmNlX2lkPTk5MDI3Jm5sPW9waW5pb24tdG9kYXkmcmVnaV9pZD03NzY3NDk1MiZzZWdtZW50X2lkPTE0MDg5MyZ0ZT0xJnVzZXJfaWQ9YWE0OTFlZjdmMWQ5NjRlNDk3OWZiNzg0ZTc0ZTAxZDdXA255dEIKZMnuRcpka09M41IbdHJpc3RyYW1iYWxkd2luOTBAZ21haWwuY29tWAQAAAAD) [GUEST ESSAY Everybody Won in Thailand’s Election Except the Voters The royalist establishment is denying the will of the people once again. By Pavin Chachavalpongpun](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRmrMruP0TmaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMy8wOC8wMi9vcGluaW9uL3RoYWlsYW5kLWVsZWN0aW9uLW1vdmUtZm9yd2FyZC5odG1sP2NhbXBhaWduX2lkPTM5JmVtYz1lZGl0X3R5XzIwMjMwODAyJmluc3RhbmNlX2lkPTk5MDI3Jm5sPW9waW5pb24tdG9kYXkmcmVnaV9pZD03NzY3NDk1MiZzZWdtZW50X2lkPTE0MDg5MyZ0ZT0xJnVzZXJfaWQ9YWE0OTFlZjdmMWQ5NjRlNDk3OWZiNzg0ZTc0ZTAxZDdXA255dEIKZMnuRcpka09M41IbdHJpc3RyYW1iYWxkd2luOTBAZ21haWwuY29tWAQAAAAD) [Article Image](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRmrMruP0TmaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMy8wOC8wMi9vcGluaW9uL3RoYWlsYW5kLWVsZWN0aW9uLW1vdmUtZm9yd2FyZC5odG1sP2NhbXBhaWduX2lkPTM5JmVtYz1lZGl0X3R5XzIwMjMwODAyJmluc3RhbmNlX2lkPTk5MDI3Jm5sPW9waW5pb24tdG9kYXkmcmVnaV9pZD03NzY3NDk1MiZzZWdtZW50X2lkPTE0MDg5MyZ0ZT0xJnVzZXJfaWQ9YWE0OTFlZjdmMWQ5NjRlNDk3OWZiNzg0ZTc0ZTAxZDdXA255dEIKZMnuRcpka09M41IbdHJpc3RyYW1iYWxkd2luOTBAZ21haWwuY29tWAQAAAAD) [Continue reading the main story](#a11y-skip-universal-1) ADVERTISEMENT [Ad](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRmrMruP0SYaHR0cHM6Ly9saXZlaW50ZW50Lm5ld3lvcmt0aW1lc2luZm8uY29tL2NsaWNrP3M9MjAxODEyJmxpPVRZJm09YWE0OTFlZjdmMWQ5NjRlNDk3OWZiNzg0ZTc0ZTAxZDcmcD1UWV8yMDIzMDgwMiZ0ZT0xJm5sPW9waW5pb24tdG9kYXkmZW1jPWVkaXRfdHlfMjAyMzA4MDJXA255dEIKZMnuRcpka09M41IbdHJpc3RyYW1iYWxkd2luOTBAZ21haWwuY29tWAQAAAAD) [PAUL KRUGMAN Frying Pans and Fiscal Policy Why the 2010s were an economic tragedy By Paul Krugman](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRmrMruP0TdaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMy8wOC8wMS9vcGluaW9uL3VzLWVjb25vbXktY292aWQtMjAwOC5odG1sP2NhbXBhaWduX2lkPTM5JmVtYz1lZGl0X3R5XzIwMjMwODAyJmluc3RhbmNlX2lkPTk5MDI3Jm5sPW9waW5pb24tdG9kYXkmcmVnaV9pZD03NzY3NDk1MiZzZWdtZW50X2lkPTE0MDg5MyZ0ZT0xJnVzZXJfaWQ9YWE0OTFlZjdmMWQ5NjRlNDk3OWZiNzg0ZTc0ZTAxZDdXA255dEIKZMnuRcpka09M41IbdHJpc3RyYW1iYWxkd2luOTBAZ21haWwuY29tWAQAAAAD) [Article Image](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRmrMruP0TdaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMy8wOC8wMS9vcGluaW9uL3VzLWVjb25vbXktY292aWQtMjAwOC5odG1sP2NhbXBhaWduX2lkPTM5JmVtYz1lZGl0X3R5XzIwMjMwODAyJmluc3RhbmNlX2lkPTk5MDI3Jm5sPW9waW5pb24tdG9kYXkmcmVnaV9pZD03NzY3NDk1MiZzZWdtZW50X2lkPTE0MDg5MyZ0ZT0xJnVzZXJfaWQ9YWE0OTFlZjdmMWQ5NjRlNDk3OWZiNzg0ZTc0ZTAxZDdXA255dEIKZMnuRcpka09M41IbdHJpc3RyYW1iYWxkd2luOTBAZ21haWwuY29tWAQAAAAD) [LETTERS The Aging and Health of Our Leaders Readers write about older politicians. Also: Donald Trump vs. Jack Smith; the photo of a dead Russian soldier; an AIDS program; the freedom to read.](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRmrMruP0TmaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMy8wOC8wMS9vcGluaW9uL2xldHRlcnMvcG9saXRpY2lhbnMtYWdlLWhlYWx0aC5odG1sP2NhbXBhaWduX2lkPTM5JmVtYz1lZGl0X3R5XzIwMjMwODAyJmluc3RhbmNlX2lkPTk5MDI3Jm5sPW9waW5pb24tdG9kYXkmcmVnaV9pZD03NzY3NDk1MiZzZWdtZW50X2lkPTE0MDg5MyZ0ZT0xJnVzZXJfaWQ9YWE0OTFlZjdmMWQ5NjRlNDk3OWZiNzg0ZTc0ZTAxZDdXA255dEIKZMnuRcpka09M41IbdHJpc3RyYW1iYWxkd2luOTBAZ21haWwuY29tWAQAAAAD) [Article Image](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRmrMruP0TmaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMy8wOC8wMS9vcGluaW9uL2xldHRlcnMvcG9saXRpY2lhbnMtYWdlLWhlYWx0aC5odG1sP2NhbXBhaWduX2lkPTM5JmVtYz1lZGl0X3R5XzIwMjMwODAyJmluc3RhbmNlX2lkPTk5MDI3Jm5sPW9waW5pb24tdG9kYXkmcmVnaV9pZD03NzY3NDk1MiZzZWdtZW50X2lkPTE0MDg5MyZ0ZT0xJnVzZXJfaWQ9YWE0OTFlZjdmMWQ5NjRlNDk3OWZiNzg0ZTc0ZTAxZDdXA255dEIKZMnuRcpka09M41IbdHJpc3RyYW1iYWxkd2luOTBAZ21haWwuY29tWAQAAAAD) Subscribe Today New York Times Opinion curates a wide range of views, inviting rich discussion and debate that help readers analyze the world. 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