🚨 Watch this if you own dividend stocks 💱

And the fact that they’re usually quality businesses that hold up better in uncertain times. [TQI Logo]( A note from the Editor: At Top Quality Investors,we keep an eye out for favorable circumstances we believe will interest our readers. The following is one such message from one of our colleagues I think you’ll appreciate. [divider] Dear Reader, If you’re thinking of investing in dividend stocks (or already have)… [Watch this first.]( You may have heard about how dividend stocks are in high demand during a bear market because of their income potential… And the fact that they’re usually quality businesses that hold up better in uncertain times. I’m not disputing any of that… But here’s the biggest problem with dividend stocks no one talks about… You often have to spend a ton of money upfront to be able to enjoy the dividends — which are typically months away at the earliest… Not to mention the fact that many “safe” dividend stocks lost money last year just like other stocks. That’s why I believe [THIS “instant income” method is a much better alternative in today’s market](. - You can get income payouts almost instantly — instead of waiting months… - You don’t have to spend any money upfront… - And you don’t even have to own a single stock! The best part? It pays out almost 95% of the time — even in bear markets. So before you put even a single penny towards dividend stocks… Make sure you [watch my short demo of this “instant income” method first](. Keith Kaplan CEO, TradeSmith  You’re receiving this email because you’re a reader who opted-in for emails on our sister website. It’s a good idea to [whitelist us]( to make sure you get every email. Top Quality Investors 655 15th St NW Washington, DC, 20005, US © 2023 Top Quality Investors. All Rights Reserved. [Privacy Policy]( | [Update Profile]( | [Terms and Conditions]( | [Unsubscribe](  Satellites An oblique view of the Pluto–Charon system showing that Pluto orbits a point outside itself. The two bodies are mutually tidally locked. Main article: Moons of Pluto Pluto has five known natural satellites. The closest to Pluto is Charon. First identified in 1978 by astronomer James Christy, Charon is the only moon of Pluto that may be in hydrostatic equilibrium. Charon's mass is sufficient to cause the barycenter of the Pluto–Charon system to be outside Pluto. Beyond Charon there are four much smaller circumbinary moons. In order of distance from Pluto they are Styx, Nix, Kerberos, and Hydra. Nix and Hydra were both discovered in 2005,[146] Kerberos was discovered in 2011,[147] and Styx was discovered in 2012.[148] The satellites' orbits are circular (eccentricity 0.006) and coplanar with Pluto's equator (inclination 1°),[149][150] and therefore tilted approximately 120° relative to Pluto's orbit. The Plutonian system is highly compact: the five known satellites orbit within the inner 3% of the region where prograde orbits would be stable.[151] The orbital periods of all Pluto's moons are linked in a system of orbital resonances and near resonances.[150][152] When precession is accounted for, the orbital periods of Styx, Nix, and Hydra are in an exact 18:22:33 ratio.[150] There is a sequence of approximate ratios, 3:4:5:6, between the periods of Styx, Nix, Kerberos, and Hydra with that of Charon; the ratios become closer to being exact the further out the moons are.[150][153] The Pluto–Charon system is one of the few in the Solar System whose barycenter lies outside the primary body; the Patroclus–Menoetius system is a smaller example, and the Sun–Jupiter system is the only larger one.[154] The similarity in size of Charon and Pluto has prompted some astronomers to call it a double dwarf planet.[155] The system is also unusual among planetary systems in that each is tidally locked to the other, which means that Pluto and Charon always have the same hemisphere facing each other — a property shared by only one other known system, Eris and Dysnomia.[156] From any position on either body, the other is always at the same position in the sky, or always obscured.[157] This also means that the rotation period of each is equal to the time it takes the entire system to rotate around its barycenter.[98] In 2007, observations by the Gemini Observatory of patches of ammonia hydrates and water crystals on the surface of Charon suggested the presence of active cryo-geysers.[158] Pluto's moons are hypothesized to have been formed by a collision between Pluto and a similar-sized body, early in the history of the Solar System. The collision released material that consolidated into the moons around Pluto.[159] The Pluto system: Pluto, Charon, Styx, Nix, Kerberos, and Hydra, imaged by the Hubble Space Telescope in July 2012. The Pluto system: Pluto, Charon, Styx, Nix, Kerberos, and Hydra, imaged by the Hubble Space Telescope in July 2012. Pluto and Charon, to scale. Image acquired by New Horizons on July 8, 2015. Pluto and Charon, to scale. Image acquired by New Horizons on July 8, 2015. Family portrait of the five moons of Pluto, to scale.[160] Family portrait of the five moons of Pluto, to scale.[160] Pluto's moon Charon as viewed by New Horizons on July 13, 2015 Pluto's moon Charon as viewed by New Horizons on July 13, 2015 Origin Further information: Kuiper belt and Nice model Plot of the known Kuiper belt objects, set against the four giant planets Pluto's origin and identity had long puzzled astronomers. One early hypothesis was that Pluto was an escaped moon of Neptune[161] knocked out of orbit by Neptune's largest current moon, Triton. This idea was eventually rejected after dynamical studies showed it to be impossible because Pluto never approaches Neptune in its orbit.[162] Pluto's true place in the Solar System began to reveal itself only in 1992, when astronomers began to find small icy objects beyond Neptune that were similar to Pluto not only in orbit but also in size and composition. This trans-Neptunian population is thought to be the source of many short-period comets. Pluto is now known to be the largest member of the Kuiper belt,[k] a stable belt of objects located between 30 and 50 AU from the Sun. As of 2011, surveys of the Kuiper belt to magnitude 21 were nearly complete and any remaining Pluto-sized objects are expected to be beyond 100 AU from the Sun.[163] Like other Kuiper-belt objects (KBOs), Pluto shares features with comets; for example, the solar wind is gradually blowing Pluto's surface into space.[164] It has been claimed that if Pluto were placed as near to the Sun as Earth, it would develop a tail, as comets do.[165] This claim has been disputed with the argument that Pluto's escape velocity is too high for this to happen.[166] It has been proposed that Pluto may have formed as a result of the agglomeration of numerous comets and Kuiper-belt objects.[167][168] Though Pluto is the largest Kuiper belt object discovered,[130] Neptune's moon Triton, which is larger than Pluto, is similar to it both geologically and atmospherically, and is thought to be a captured Kuiper belt object.[169] Eris (see above) is about the same size as Pluto (though more massive) but is not strictly considered a member of the Kuiper belt population. Rather, it is considered a member of a linked population called the scattered disc.[170] Many Kuiper belt objects, like Pluto, are in a 2:3 orbital resonance with Neptune. KBOs with this orbital resonance are called "plutinos", after Pluto.[171] Like other members of the Kuiper belt, Pluto is thought to be a residual planetesimal; a component of the original protoplanetary disc around the Sun that failed to fully coalesce into a full-fledged planet. Most astronomers agree that Pluto owes its current position to a sudden migration undergone by Neptune early in the Solar System's formation. As Neptune migrated outward, it approached the objects in the proto-Kuiper belt, setting one in orbit around itself (Triton), locking others into resonances, and knocking others into chaotic orbits. The objects in the scattered disc, a dynamically unstable region overlapping the Kuiper belt, are thought to have been placed in their current positions by interactions with Neptune's migrating resonances.[172] A computer model created in 2004 by Alessandro Morbidelli of the Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur in Nice suggested that the migration of Neptune into the Kuiper belt may have been triggered by the formation of a 1:2 resonance between Jupiter and Saturn, which created a gravitational push that propelled both Uranus and Neptune into higher orbits and caused them to switch places, ultimately doubling Neptune's distance from the Sun. The resultant expulsion of objects from the proto-Kuiper belt could also explain the Late Heavy Bombardment 600 million years after the Solar System's formation and the origin of the Jupiter trojans.[173] It is possible that Pluto had a near-circular orbit about 33 AU from the Sun before Neptune's migration perturbed it into a resonant capture.[174] The Nice model requires that there were about a thousand Pluto-sized bodies in the original planetesimal disk, which included Triton and Eris.[173] Observation and exploration Pluto's distance from Earth makes its in-depth study and exploration difficult. On July 14, 2015, NASA's New Horizons space probe flew through the Pluto system, providing much information about it.[175] Observation Computer-generated rotating image of Pluto based on observations by the Hubble Space Telescope in 2002–2003 Pluto's visual apparent magnitude averages 15.1, brightening to 13.65 at perihelion.[2] To see it, a telescope is required; around 30 cm (12 in) aperture being desirable.[176] It looks star-like and without a visible disk even in large telescopes,[177] because its angular diameter is maximum 0.11".[2] The earliest maps of Pluto, made in the late 1980s, were brightness maps created from close observations of eclipses by its largest moon, Charon. Observations were made of the change in the total average brightness of the Pluto–Charon system during the eclipses. For example, eclipsing a bright spot on Pluto makes a bigger total brightness change than eclipsing a dark spot. Computer processing of many such observations can be used to create a brightness map. This method can also track changes in brightness over time.[178][179] Better maps were produced from images taken by the Hubble Space Telescope (HST), which offered higher resolution, and showed considerably more detail,[106] resolving variations several hundred kilometers across, including polar regions and large bright spots.[108] These maps were produced by complex computer processing, which finds the best-fit projected maps for the few pixels of the Hubble images.[180] These remained the most detailed maps of Pluto until the flyby of New Horizons in July 2015, because the two cameras on the HST used for these maps were no longer in service.[180] Exploration Main articles: Exploration of Pluto and New Horizons The portions of Pluto's surface mapped by New Horizons (annotated) Panoramic view of Pluto's icy mountains and flat ice plains, imaged by New Horizons 15 minutes after its closest approach to Pluto. Distinct haze layers in Pluto's atmosphere can be seen backlit by the Sun. The New Horizons spacecraft, which flew by Pluto in July 2015, is the first and so far only attempt to explore Pluto directly. Launched in 2006, it captured its first (distant) images of Pluto in late September 2006 during a test of the Long Range Reconnaissance Imager.[181] The images, taken from a distance of approximately 4.2 billion kilometers, confirmed the spacecraft's ability to track distant targets, critical for maneuvering toward Pluto and other Kuiper belt objects. In early 2007 the craft made use of a gravity assist from Jupiter. New Horizons made its closest approach to Pluto on July 14, 2015, after a 3,462-day journey across the Solar System. Scientific observations of Pluto began five months before the closest approach and continued for at least a month after the encounter. Observations were conducted using a remote sensing package that included imaging instruments and a radio science investigation tool, as well as spectroscopic and other experiments. The scientific goals of New Horizons were to characterize the global geology and morphology of Pluto and its moon Charon, map their surface composition, and analyze Pluto's neutral atmosphere and its escape rate. On October 25, 2016, at 05:48 pm ET, the last bit of data (of a total of 50 billion bits of data; or 6.25 gigabytes) was received from New Horizons from its close encounter with Pluto.[182][183][184][185] Since the New Horizons flyby, scientists have advocated for an orbiter mission that would return to Pluto to fulfill new science objectives.[186][187][188] They include mapping the surface at 9.1 m (30 ft) per pixel, observations of Pluto's smaller satellites, observations of how Pluto changes as it rotates on its axis, investigations of a possible subsurface ocean, and topographic mapping of Pluto's regions that are covered in long-term darkness due to its axial tilt. The last objective could be accomplished using laser pulses to generate a complete topographic map of Pluto. New Horizons principal investigator Alan Stern has advocated for a Cassini-style orbiter that would launch around 2030 (the 100th anniversary of Pluto's discovery) and use Charon's gravity to adjust its orbit as needed to fulfill science objectives after arriving at the Pluto system.[189] The orbiter could then use Charon's gravity to leave the Pluto system and study more KBOs after all Pluto science objectives are completed. A conceptual study funded by the NASA Innovative Advanced Concepts (NIAC) program describes a fusion-enabled Pluto orbiter and lander based on the Princeton field-reversed configuration reactor.[190][191] Sub-Charon hemisphere The equatorial region of the sub-Charon hemisphere of Pluto has only been imaged at low resolution, as New Horizons made its closest approach to the anti-Charon hemisphere.[192] Composite image maps of Pluto from July 14, 2015 (updated 2019) A composite image of the sub-Charon hemisphere of Pluto. The region inside/below the white line was on the far side of Pluto when New Horizons made its closest approach, and was only imaged (at lower resolution) in the early days of the flyby. Black regions were not imaged at all. A composite image of the sub-Charon hemisphere of Pluto. The region inside/below the white line was on the far side of Pluto when New Horizons made its closest approach, and was only imaged (at lower resolution) in the early days of the flyby. Black regions were not imaged at all. The low-resolution area, with named features labeled The low-resolution area, with named features labeled The low-resolution area, with features classified by geological type The low-resolution area, with features classified by geological type Sources:[193][194] Southern hemisphere New Horizons imaged all of Pluto's northern hemisphere, and the equatorial regions down to about 30° South. Higher southern latitudes have only been observed, at very low resolution, from Earth.[195] Images from the Hubble Space Telescope in 1996 cover 85% of Pluto and show large albedo features down to about 75° South.[196][197] This is enough to show the extent of the temperate-zone maculae. Later images had slightly better resolution, due to minor improvements in Hubble instrumentation.[198] Some albedo variations in the higher southern latitudes could be detected by New Horizons using Charon-shine (light reflected off Charon). The south polar region seems to be darker than the north polar region, but there is a high-albedo region in the southern hemisphere that may be a regional nitrogen or methane ice deposit.[199] A map of Pluto based on Hubble images from 1996, centered on the anti-Charon hemisphere (Sputnik Planitia), covering the southern hemisphere down to 75°S A map of Pluto based on Hubble images from 1996, centered on the anti-Charon hemisphere (Sputnik Planitia), covering the southern hemisphere down to 75°S (a) Synthesized HST map of Pluto from Buie et al. (2010). (b) Colorized New Horizons MVIC and LORRI mosaic. (c–d) Destreaked Charon-illuminated image stack, shown to approximately the same stretch. The green line is the limit of the sub-Charon hemisphere.[199] (a) Synthesized HST map of Pluto from Buie et al. (2010). (b) Colorized New Horizons MVIC and LORRI mosaic. (c–d) Destreaked Charon-illuminated image stack, shown to approximately the same stretch. The green line is the limit of the sub-Charon hemisphere.[199] Videos Pluto flyover animated (July 14, 2015) (00:30; released September 18, 2015)