How did an imprisoned former prime minister just win Pakistanâs general election? Atika Rehman on the transformational clash between the populist cricket star Imran Khan and the countryâs powerful military leadership. Recently at The Signal: Alice Han on[what it means that Chinaâs BYD has overtaken Tesla as the worldâs biggest EV automake](r. Today: How did an imprisoned former prime minister just win Pakistanâs general election? Atika Rehman on the transformational clash between the populist cricket star Imran Khan and the countryâs powerful military leadership. Also: Susan Colbourn on how the war in Ukraine has reset security calculations in Europeâand brought Sweden into NATO after two centuries of neutrality. Street Rules Yogendra Singh On March 3, Pakistanâs National Assembly confirmed Shehbaz Sharif as its new prime minister. A brother of the three-term prime minister Nawaz Sharif, Shehbaz had led the previous government until the end of its term last year. This time, though, the Sharifsâ party didnât win the general election. The victory went to a collection of candidates aligned with the cricket hero Imran Khan, whoâd been prime minister from 2018 until his ouster in 2022âand whoâs been in prison, on the militaryâs command, since last May. After falling out with its leadership, Khan was barred from running for office, and members of his party were forced to run as independents. And yet, despite getting almost no coverage in Pakistanâs mainstream media, they won the most votes overall. Now what? Atika Rehman is the London correspondent and former managing editor of Dawn, the largest English-language newspaper in Pakistan. With Khan by far the most popular politician in the country, Rehman says, and with his party, Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf, unusually adept at keeping his supporters informed and engaged, the stunning success of the PTIâs candidates brings a serious new challenge to the vast influence the armed forces have held in Pakistanâs political life for generations. Pakistanis had long accepted the militaryâs established authority over their countryâs elected government. But Khanâs removal from office and subsequent conviction on dubious charges have driven a surge of citizens to their first open rejection of that authority. Which, Rahman says, seems to be taking the country into an era of new instability, as public support remains high for Khanâand scarce for the military-installed coalition now governing in his place. Michael Bluhm: Imran Khan is in jail, his party was taken off the ballot, the media largely ignored the partyâs candidates as independentsâand they won. Howâd this happen? Advertisement Atika Rehman: Itâs shocking, really. All the analysts on Pakistani TV were saying Khan had been wiped out politically: He was in prison; he was facing a mountain of new charges; and his party had been effectively destroyed, with the top leadership either also in prison or coerced into abandoning him. The candidates he backed had to run as independentsâand more importantly, they were banned from using the PTI electoral symbol, which is a cricket bat. Now, in Pakistan, about 40 percent of people are illiterate, so every party uses a symbol so illiterate voters can recognize their preferred candidates. But Khanâs cricket bat was forbidden. It was a major complication. I was in Pakistan to cover the last 10 days of the campaign, and in small towns all over central Punjab Province, I was blown away by the support for Imran Khan. Bear in mind, this was during the peak of the crackdown against his party. The police immediately shut down campaign rallies, or even a speech on a street corner, if they thought the candidate was linked to Khan. I ended up not meeting even one of Khanâs candidates, as they were too scared to come out and identify themselves with him. But in every neighborhood and every shop I visited, people of all ages knew who their local Khan-backed candidate wasâand what their electoral symbol was. Khanâs party used social media and other digital tools to make sure of it. They devised an application that you could enter your location into, and it would tell you the candidateâs name and symbol. During the week before election day, Khan and his wife were given three new, consecutive prison sentencesâof seven, 10, and 14 years. People came to me and said, This is the kind of stuff that makes us want to get out and vote for him. Khanâs supporters, too, were anxious about being identified with him on account of the crackdownâbut they were seething. World Economic Forum More from Atika Rehman at The Signal: âAfter nine years of ruling directly, the Pakistani military restored civilian government in 2008. But sometime before 2013, they decided the countryâs two top partiesâled by the Sharif and Bhutto families, respectivelyâhad to be replaced because theyâd started challenging the military. So it was looking for a Plan Bâand started to push the narrative that Pakistanâs established politicians were corrupt thieves and that the country needed a clean break. To the military, Imran Khan was the perfect poster boy for a new, fresh, uncorrupted political party. He was universally recognized in Pakistan, heâd done high-profile good works, and he had an impeccable background.â âIn February, I was in Punjab, where people have tended always to be proud of the military. But this time, the sentiment was just the opposite. People were openly questioning the military. They knew the election would be fixed, and there was a lot of anger about it. To me, it feels like a shift. Of course, this isnât the first time that the military has been criticized in Pakistan. But it is the first time since Imran Khan was removed as prime minister in April 2022 that the military has seen such serious, sustained, public castigation from a mainstream political party.â âThe success of Khanâs candidates is remarkable, considering the crackdown against their party and the appearance of election interference. And itâs making people in military headquarters uncomfortable, because theyâre realizing this is a genie they canât put back in its bottle. The current military chief did not want Imran Khan to win, and heâs going to do whatever he can to keep Khan out of power.â [Members can read the full interview here]( Enjoy The Signal? Send this newsletter along to a friend whoâs as curious about the world as you are. Someone send it to you? Sign up [here](. FROM THE FILES Borderlands Today, Sweden officially became NATOâs 32nd member state. In May 2022, the historian Susan Colbourn examined Finlandâs and Swedenâs applications to join the alliance after Russiaâs invasion of Ukraine, [exploring why theyâd make this moveâand what their membership will mean for them, the organization, and European security](. In Swedenâs case, this change has come despite not just decades but centuries of committed neutrality, lasting through both world wars and the entirety of the Cold War. To access our full articles, full archive, and to support The Signal as we build a new approach to current affairs, become a member. [Join The Signal]( Coming soon: Sergei Guriev on why the Russian government has so much money ⦠This email address is unmonitored; please send questions or comments [here](mailto:mail@thesgnl.com). To advertise with The Signal: advertise@thesgnl.com. Add us to your [address book](mailto:newsletter@thesgnl.com). Unsubscribe [here](. © 2023 The Signal [unsubscribe](