📎 Biden’s $1 Trillion Gamble ... Backfired.

Biden canceled the Keystone pipeline, froze oil drilling permits and canceled coal... [TheEmpireTrading]( [Divider] [Windmill]( J.S. Bach Biography J.S. Bach was a German composer, organist and violinist. During his lifetime, he worked as a teacher and organist and was a prolific composer of choral works, concertos and preludes. Bach is widely regarded as one of the greatest classical composers of all time. His greatest works include: Choral ‘passions’ such as St Matthew Passion, St John Passion Mass in B Minor Organ works – Toccata and Fugue for organ in D minor Brandenburg Concertos, esp. No.3 and No.5 Violin Concertos Goldberg Variations (piano) Well-tempered Clavier (48 Preludes and Fugues) Early Life bachJ.S Bach was born on 31 March 1685 in Eisenach, Saxe-Eisenach (modern-day Germany) to a musical family. His father (Johann Ambrosius Bach) was the director of the local town musicians. Aged only 10, the young Bach lost both his parents and was brought up by his oldest Brother Johann Christoph. His brother was an organist at a local church, and he taught the young Back how to play the clavichord. Living with his eldest brother also enabled Bach to gain access to sheet music, which he would pore over and copy for his own access. Bach was a good student both academically and musically; he was said to have an ‘an uncommonly fine treble voice’. When he was 14, he attained a scholarship to the prestigious St Michael’s School in Luneburg. Luneburg was a leading cultural centre of Europe and studying there gave Bach access to new composers and also people from the leading social circles of Germany. In particular, Bach was influenced by the style of the organist George Böhm. Weimar On leaving school in 1703, Bach was appointed to be court musician in the chapel of Duke Johann Ernst in Weimar. Here his reputation as an organist grew. But, despite his musical talents, Bach was often at loggerheads with his employer because Bach was interested in travelling around and concentrating on composing rather than other duties. Despite his musical flair, the authorities were not happy with the hot-headed Bach. Throughout his life, Bach would often come into conflict with his employers; Bach was frustrated at not having time to compose and having inadequate choirs to deal with. However, his growing reputation as organist enabled him to keep getting good offers. In 1706, he was sacked, but Bach was able to gain an improved position at St. Blasius in Muhlhausen. Here he married Maria Barbara Bach, a second cousin. They had seven children. After two years in Muhlhausen, Bach moved back to Weimar, where he gained a post of director of music at the ducal court. Here, Bach was able to devote more time to composing. Also he became influenced by Italian composers, such as Vivaldi and Torelli. Bach incorporated aspects of the Italian style into his growing repertoire of compositions. He composed an extensive array of fugues and preludes which were published as the “Well-Tempered Clavier” – a range of compositions containing a fugue and prelude in every minor and major key. Bach stayed in Weimar for nine years, before leaving after deteriorating relationships with his employers. Court records suggest, Bach was imprisoned for four weeks due to his stubbornness and the dispute with his employers. In 1717, Bach moved to Kothen where he enjoyed the patronage of Prince Leopold of Anhalt Kothen. After Maria, his first wife, suddenly died in 1720, he got re-married a year later to Anna Wilcke, a young singer, 17 years Bach’s junior. They had at least 13 children, many of whom went on to become significant musicians in their own right. Leipzig Bach’s next appointment, was perhaps his most significant. He was appointed Director of Music at the principal churches of Leipzig, and the University of Leipzig. His post also entailed teaching Latin to young students (a job he often delegated), and he was also to produce a cantata for Sunday services. Bach often performed his own compositions. He worked well into the night, despite the noise from the unruly students. It was far from ideal conditions for a composer, but Bach was remarkably prolific, despite his busy schedule and being the father to several children. In 1729, he also took the directorship of a secular musical ensemble. This encouraged him to broaden his compositions away from purely church music. In 1733, Bach composed, what is widely considered to be his greatest work – Mass in B Minor. A choral work of unprecedented imagination and musical intricacy. Bach was a devout Lutheran Christian and his religious works are the most significant part of his canon. There is a rich religious devotion in his works, especially the Passions of Matthew and St John. Musical legacy of Bach Bach is regarded as the pinnacle of the Baroque period. His music is famous for its skill in counterpoint – this involves playing different melodies at once to compose music with several layers on top of each other. His works also have a very strong, dynamic energy, especially his compositions for the organ. He also took simple melodies and wove a very tight score around a frequently repeated theme, with slight variations. Often his music was deemed too radical and revolutionary for some church figures. The Lutheran tradition was a reaction to the ornamentalism of Catholicism, many of Bach’s pastors believed music should be simple. Bach believed his music was an opportunity to highlight ‘… the glory of God’., and in the case of the Passions – give the audience an emotive and real experience of the gospels. Bach’s musical radicalism was one reason he wasn’t appreciated so much as a composer in his own time. Though Bach could at least claim the support of Martin Luther, who said music was very important to religious faith. Towards the end of his life, Back developed bad eyesight, and a British surgeon made an unsuccessful attempt to heal his sight. He died shortly after on 28 July 1750, at the age of 65. Throughout his life, Bach learnt from a wide range of musical sources and re-invigorated these diverse influences with his own developments and innovations. During his lifetime, Bach was regarded as a great organist and teacher. One contemporary wrote of Bach’s organ playing ‘His feet seemed to fly across the pedals as if they were winged, and mighty sounds filled the church’. – Constantin Bellermann But his musical compositions were not always highly regarded. For a long time, his reputation as a composer was minimal. However, from the mid-Nineteenth Century, his musical works were increasingly performed to critical acclaim. In particular, Felix Mendelssohn’s performance of St Matthew’s Passion was an important turning point in the reputation of Bach. In the Twentieth Century, Pablo Casals popularised Bach’s Cello Suites and would play his favourite Bach pieces every day. Citation: Pettinger, Tejvan.“Biography of J.S.Bach”, Oxford, UK www.biographyonline.net, Published 16 Nov. 2013. Last updated 10 Feb 2018. Johann Sebastian Bach: The Learned Musician Edward Elgar Biography Edward Elgar was an English composer who received international recognition for his classical compositions. His most famous orchestral works include the Enigma Variations, the Pomp and Circumstances Marches (including Land of Hope and Glory), concertos for violin, and choral works such as The Dream of Gerontius. Short Biography Edward Elgar edward-elgarEdward Elgar was born 2 June 1857, near Worcester in England. His father was a music dealer, and he was able to teach himself the history of music, which complemented his music lessons in the piano and violin. His family were relatively poor, and aged 15, he started work in a solicitor’s office before later becoming a music teacher. (of piano and violin) He became a noted local violinist, playing in the Worcester and Birmingham festivals. Playing in a wind quarter he began arranging the music of Mozart, Beethoven and Handel; he gained a strong musical reputation within the local area, but it was not enough to make a comfortable living. Elgar was introverted and conscious of his ‘outsider’ background. He was Catholic and relatively poor, and so was outside the more established social background of British society. He was a keen cyclist and would enjoy cycling on his own into the countryside of Worcestershire. Elgar said that his trips into nature, inspired much of his music. In 1880, he began his first trips abroad, coming across the music of Richard Wagner. However, in this early period, Elgar’s hope for widespread acclaim and fortune were not met. In 1889, he married Alice Roberts, daughter of a Major-General in the army. She was older and from a higher social class. Her support both musically, emotional and financially played a significant role in nurturing the career of Elgar. Initially, after marriage, they move to London to be closer to the music scene of London; but the experience was difficult, and they ended up moving back to Great Malvern, where Elgar worked as a music teacher and composing music for festivals. In 1899, at the age of 42, Elgar finally achieved a big musical breakthrough with his first major orchestral work, the Enigma Variations. It was received to great critical acclaim and established Elgar as the pre-eminent composer of his generation. He also branched out into choral works, and his – The Dream of Gerontius is regarded as one of the greatest English choral pieces of all time. Elgar achieved even greater national recognition for his later Pomp and Circumstance Marches, which he composed between 1901 and 1930. To mark the coronation of King Edward VII, Elgar composed Land of Hope and Glory as a powerful finale to the Coronation Ode. It is one of the nation’s most popular pieces and is considered an unofficial national anthem. Following on from this triumph he was awarded a knighthood and special royal audiences. In 1904 Elgar and his family moved to Plas Gwyn, near Hereford, and they lived there until 1911. Elgar’s reputation abroad was as high, if not higher. His work was very well received in Germany and Central Europe. He also made successful tours of the US. Other great works include Elgar’s Symphony No. 1 (1908) The Violin Concerto in B minor (1910) Symphony No. 2 (1911) Despite being the most popular English composer, he felt a little bit of an outsider. His work displayed great influences from European composers such as Strauss. Also, when lecturing at the University of Birmingham, he criticised other English composers saying: “English music is white – it evades everything”. In the 1920s, his music fell out of popular appeal. Also, his beloved wife, Alice died in 1920. The shock of losing his wife discouraged him from making compositions in the 1920s. However, in the early 1930s, there was a revival of interest in Elgar’s music. The BBC organised a festival of his works to celebrate his 75th birthday. Towards the end of his life, Elgar achieved his lifelong ambition to be recognised as a great composer. His Land of Hope and Glory are always the grand finale to the BBC Proms series of classical music. Towards the end of his life, he made some gramophone recordings, becoming one of the first great classical composers to see the potential of recording music. Elgar died on 23 February 1934. Biden canceled the Keystone pipeline, froze oil drilling permits and canceled coal. He turned his back on traditional fuels, and gambled $1 trillion — and the future of America — on clean energy instead. Now it has backfired … and put our entire nation at risk. [Click here to see why.](   At The Emрire Тrading, we keep an eye out for favorable circumstances we believe will interest our readers. The following is one such message from one of our colleagues I think you’ll appreciate. [TheEmpireTrading] Beethoven Biography Ludwig van Beethoven (1770 – 1827) is one of the most widely respected composers of classical music. He played a crucial role in the transition from classical to romantic music and is considered one of the greatest composers of all time. “Music is … A higher revelation than all Wisdom and Philosophy” – Beethoven Beethoven Beethoven was born 16 December 1770 in Bonn (now part of Germany) From an early age, Beethoven was introduced to music. His first teacher was his father who was also very strict. Beethoven was frequently beaten for his failure to practise correctly. Once his mother protested at his father’s violent beatings, but she was beaten too. It is said, Beethoven resolved to become a great pianist so his mother would never be beaten. Beethoven’s talent as a piano virtuoso was recognised by Count Ferdinand Ernst Gabriel von Waldstein. He sponsored the young Beethoven and this enabled him to travel to Vienna, where Mozart resided. It was hoped Beethoven would be able to learn under the great Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, but it is not clear whether the two ever met. Mozart was to die shortly, but Beethoven was able to spend time with the great composer Joseph Haydn, who taught him many things. Rather than working for the church, Beethoven relied on private donations from various benefactors. However, while many loved his music, they were often not forthcoming with donations and Beethoven sometimes struggled to raise enough finance. He complained about the way artists like him were treated. “One clashes with stupidity of all kinds. And then how much money must be spent in advance! The way in which artists are treated is really scandalous… Believe me, there is nothing to be done for artists in times like these.” – Beethoven His situation was made more difficult by his mother’s early death and his father’s descent into alcoholism; this led to Beethoven being responsible for his two brothers. Beethoven Beethoven by August Klober, 1818 Beethoven was widely regarded as a great musician, though his habits were unconventional for the social circles which he moved in. He was untidy, clumsy and (by all accounts) ugly. All attempts to make Beethoven behave failed. On one occasion, Beethoven pushed his way up to the Archduke saying it was impossible for him to follow the many rules of social behaviour. The Archduke smiled and said – ‘we will have to accept Beethoven as he is.’ Beethoven himself had great faith in his own capacities, referring to the princes at court. “There are and always will be thousands of princes, but there is only one Beethoven!” Beethoven’s music was also unconventional, he explored new ideas and left behind the old conventions on style and form. His freer and explorative musical ideas caused estrangement with his more classical teachers like Haydn and Salieri. From his early 20s, Beethoven experienced a slow deterioration in his hearing, which eventually left him completely deaf. Beethoven once said: “Music is the mediator between the spiritual and the sensual life.” Beethoven Beethoven by Mahler, 1815 Yet, despite his deafness and the frustration this caused him, Beethoven was still able to compose music of the highest quality. He was still able to inwardly hear the most sublime music. However, his deafness meant he struggled to perform with an orchestral backing, as he often fell out of time. This caused the great pianist to be ridiculed by the public, causing much distress. As a result, he retreated more into his private world of composition. Despite these later difficulties, his most widely admired works were composed in this difficult last 15 years. This included the great works Missa Solemnis and the Ninth Symphony – both finished shortly before his death. The Ninth Symphony was groundbreaking in creating a choral symphony from different voices singing separate lines to create a common symphony. The final part of the symphony (often referred to as “Ode to Joy”) is a symbolic musical representation of universal brotherhood. It was a fitting climax to Beethoven’s unique musical creativity and life. Beethoven considered music as one of the greatest contributors to a higher philosophy. Beethoven was also a supporter of the Enlightenment movement sweeping Europe. He was going to dedicate a great symphony to Napoléon, whom Beethoven believed was going to defend the ideals of the French Republic. However, when Napoléon’s imperial ambitions were made known, Beethoven scratched out his name so powerfully, he tore a hole in the paper. Religious views of Beethoven Beethoven was born and raised a Catholic. His mother was a devout Catholic and sought to share her religious views with her children. Beethoven was considered a fairly moral person, he recommended the virtues of religion to those around him and encouraged his nephew to attend mass. “Recommend to your children virtues, that alone can make them happy, not gold.” In his mid-life, his deafness and stomach pains created something of a spiritual crisis in Beethoven. He stopped attending Mass regularly and looked to a wider source of spiritual inspiration. One of his favourite works was Reflections on the Works of God and His Providence Throughout All Nature by a Lutheran Pastor which praised the ‘romantic’ view of the value of nature. Beethoven also became interested in Hindu religious texts and expressed belief in a Supreme Being in a language which was not overtly Catholic. Beethoven wrote ” O God! – you have no threefold being and are independent of everything, you are the true, eternal, blessed, unchangeable light of all time and space.” – Beethoven’s Letters with explanatory notes by Dr. A.C. Kalischer (trans. J.S. Shedlock), 1926. Beethoven never formally left the Catholic Church, but some identify him more the tradition of Theists – those who believe in God but don’t follow a particular religion. Others suggest that Beethoven remained a Catholic, but he just redefined Catholicism in a more liberal understanding to accommodate the current enlightenment thinking and his own spiritual exploration of music. In terms of music, he did compose specific religious music such as Missa Solemnis – the great choral symphony. When asked whether he thought this work was intended for church or the concert hall, Beethoven replied that such a distinction was not so important. “My chief aim was to awaken and permanently instill religious feelings not only into the singers but also into the listeners.” (link) Beethoven’s famous works Some of Beethoven’s most memorable musical gifts include: For piano: Sonata in C sharp minor, op. 27, nr. 2 “The Moonlight Sonata” For piano: Sonata in C minor, op. 13, “Pathetique” Symphonies Symphony No. 3 “Eroica”; in E flat major (Op. 55) Symphony No. 5 in C minor Symphony No. 9 in D minor, including well known “Ode to Joy”. Mass Missa Solemnis D Major, Op. 123 Concertos Piano Concerto no. 5 “Emperor” in E flat major op. 73 Beethoven’s Death For the last few months of his life, Beethoven was confined to his bed with illness. Amongst his last view visitors was the younger composer Franz Schubert, who had been deeply inspired by Beethoven. Beethoven, in return, expressed great admiration for the works of Schubert and said of him “Schubert has my soul.” Beethoven’s last words were reported to be: “Plaudite, amici, comedia finita est. (Applaud, my friends, the comedy is over.) and Ich werde im Himmel hören! (I will hear in heaven!)” He died on 26 March 1827, aged 56. The precise cause of death is uncertain, but, he had significant liver damage – due to either the accumulation of lead poisoning or excess alcohol consumption. Over 20,000 people are said to have lined the streets of Vienna for his funeral. Though Beethoven had a difficult temperament, and although his music was sometimes too visionary for the general public, Beethoven was deeply appreciated for his unique contribution to music. 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