❄️ Bank Accounts: Frozen!

Not just the money you have in your account … [View in browser]( I Mar 15, 2023 [Logo The Empire Trading]( Editor's Note: At The Empire Trading, we are serious about being your “eyes and ears” for special opportunities for you to take advantage of. The message below from one of our partners is one we think you should take a close look at. [The Empire Trading] Copernicus biography copernicusNicolaus Copernicus (1473 – 1543) – Polish / Prussian mathematician and astronomer. Copernicus created a model of the universe which placed the sun at the centre of the universe (heliocentrism) – challenging the prevailing orthodoxy of the time – which believed the earth at the centre of the universe. His major work De revolutionibus orbium coelestium (1543) (On the Revolutions of the Celestial Spheres) was published just before his death and marked an important scientific landmark – it was a key moment in the scientific revolution of the Renaissance period. As well as being a pioneering astronomer, Copernicus excelled in many different fields – he was a practising physician, economist, diplomat, scholar and gained a doctorate in canon law. Early Life Copernicus Copernicus was born 19 February 1473, in the city of Thorn in the province of Royal Prussia – the Kingdom of Poland. [Copernicus would likely have considered himself Prussian.] His father was a wealthy merchant, who was also politically active in supporting Poland against the Teutonic Order, and he played a leading role in peace negotiations between the two factions. His mother’s family were also very wealthy and influential making Copernicus well connected throughout his life. After the death of his father, Copernicus was given a full education by his maternal uncle. Copernicus became prolific in several languages, including spoken Latin, German, Polish, Greek and Italian. He studied at the Cathedral School at Wloclawek and the University of Krakow. Copernicus’ studies included astronomy and mathematics, Aristotelian philosophy and Aristotelian natural-sciences. Copernicus supplemented his studies with his own private reading, including works by Euclid, Pythagoras, Plutarch, Ptolemy and many works related to astronomy. In 1496, Copernicus left to the University of Bologne Italy, where he studied Canon Law with a view to a career in the church. After completing his studies, he temporarily succeeded to the Warmia Canonry. However, he was never fully ordained as a priest and turned away from Canon law – preferring the humanities which were of greater interest to him. Copernicus also began making an increasing number of astronomical observations, such as the lunar eclipse of 1500. It was through his close studies and astronomical observations that he began to increasingly develop a different view of the Universe to which most people held at the time. In addition, to these studies, he became a practising physicist and would perform operations on many significant people throughout his life. In 1503, Copernicus returned to Poland where he served as secretary to his uncle who was the Prince-Bishop of Warmia. In this capacity, he also became involved in diplomatic negotiations over the ongoing tensions between Prussia and the Teutonic Order. Religious beliefs Copernicus was broadly supportive of the humanist movement, which sought to offer a more liberal approach to life, literature and the sciences. He printed translations of Greek literature, which showed his support for more a more liberal approach to non-Christian literature. He felt his scientific studies and reading was fully compatible with being a good Catholic Christian; he also never showed any interest in the new Protestant Reformation movement. Copernicus believed the right attitude was to use his God-given reason and scientific method and not just rely on blind faith in scriptures. He writes in his preface to De revolutionibus “ If perchance there should be foolish speakers who, together with those ignorant of all mathematics, will take it upon themselves to decide concerning these things, and because of some place in the Scriptures wickedly distorted to their purpose, should dare to assail this my work, they are of no importance to me, to such an extent do I despise their judgment as rash” Heliocentric view of the Universe After the death of his uncle, Copernicus moved to Frombrook, in the Kingdom of Poland where he continued to make more astronomical observations, such as viewing Mars, Saturn and the earth’s eccentricity in relation to the movement to the stars; he used fairly primitive instruments and telescopes in these observations. These observations continued to inform and develop his heliocentric view of the universe. He shared his radical ideas and observations in private letters but held back from publishing because he feared receiving criticism and scorn for his revolutionary new theories. In 1532, Copernicus finished writing his life’s great work Dē revolutionibus orbium coelestium. The major points of the work included: “The sun is not inappropriately called by some people the lantern of the universe, its mind by others, and its ruler by still others. The Thrice Greatest labels it a visible god, and Sophocles’ Electra, the all-seeing. Thus indeed, as though seated on a royal throne, the sun governs the family of planets revolving around it.” 1. There is no one centre of all the celestial circles or spheres. 2. The centre of the earth is not the centre of the universe, but only of gravity and of the lunar sphere. 3. All the spheres revolve about the sun as their midpoint, and therefore the sun is the centre of the universe. He was very reluctant to publish, despite some favourable interest shown by friends and even the Pope and Catholic cardinals in the Vatican. However, encouraged by friends, students and elements within the Church, he finally published in 1543, the year of his death. He died on 24 May 1543 – one story says that on the very day he died, he awoke from a coma to view his life’s work finally printed – before dying peacefully in his sleep. In 1990, the Brazilian government froze the bank accounts of thousands of citizens. In 2013, the victims were the people of Cyprus. In 2022, it hit closer to home — in Canada. And now the Federal Reserve System Docket No. OP-1670 reveals the plan to give the Fed the power to track and potentially even control your checking account. Not just the money you have in your account … But also, every single check, withdrawal, deposit and transaction. Practically everything you do with your money! Economics Amongst his many achievements, Copernicus was also a pioneering economist. He developed a theory on the value of money (later became known as Gresham’s Law – the idea that bad (debased money) drives out good money. In 1517, he created the first attempt at a quantity theory of money – Inflation was related to the amount of money in circulation; this became a principal element of economic theory. It was important for that particular time period, where governments struggled with currency devaluation. His writings on economics became influential for both Prussia and Germany (Teutonic states). Influence of Copernicus’ work For sixty years after his death, only a small number of astronomers and intellectuals accepted Copernicus’s heliocentric viewpoint. However, on the publication of his thesis, there was little controversy and no real criticism from the church. There were theological objections from leading figures in the Protestant Reformation, such as Martin Luther and John Calvin. The Protestant Reformation placed biblical scripture as the ultimate authority and rejected Copernicism for the perceived conflict with Biblical sources. However, by 1616, more objections from Catholic church were being made. Members of the Inquisition, such as Francesco Ingoli wrote Copernicism was theologically heretical. Galileo’s (1564-1642) work in astronomy made him come to the conclusion Copernicus was right. In particular, it was Galileo (with the use of improved telescopes) who found moons orbiting the planet Jupiter; this was a justification for Copernicus’ view. But as Galileo advanced the view of heliocentrism, he received considerable opposition from the Catholic Church, and he became convicted of heresy on the basis that heliocentrism was contrary to the sense and authority of Holy Scripture. Galileo was placed under house arrest for many years. But, Galileo played a key role in seeing heliocentrism accepted as scientific fact. Copernicus’ De revolutionibus and Galileo’s Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems were placed on the Catholic Church’s prohibited list until 1835. Copernican Revolution The Copernican Revolution is said to be the period from 1543 to the time of Isaac Newton and his works on gravity. [Find out how to protect yourself here]( Frederick Chopin Biography Frederick Chopin (1810 – 1849) Polish-born Classical composer frederic-chopinChopin was a Polish composer who wrote numerous classical pieces for the piano. He was a leading figure in the Romantic music period, fusing the classical styles of J.S. Bach and Mozart, with elements of his native Polish folk music. Aged 20, Chopin became an emigre from Poland, after the failed November uprising of 1830. Chopin settled in Paris where he continued to work as a piano teacher and composer. He is widely regarded as one of the greatest piano composers, leaving a legacy of solo piano pieces and two piano concertos. Early life Chopin Chopin was born 22 February 1810, on the outskirts of Warsaw, in the Duchy of Poland (then under the control of the Russian Empire). Chopin’s father was a French teacher at the Warsaw Lyceum. His mother gave him some early piano teaching, but from six years old, he received professional tuition from Wojciech Zywny. The young Chopin was delicate and prone to ill health, but he proved to be a musical prodigy. By, the age of seven he was giving public performances on the piano and composing his first pieces for the piano. The young piano genius gained the patronage and respect of leading figures of Warsaw society, such as Grand Duke Constantine, the Russian ruler of Poland. His tutor Zywny later said that by the time Chopin was 12, there was nothing more he could teach him because the ‘little Chopin’ had already exceeded his teacher. Chopin was mainly tutored in Warsaw, but he also travelled to more rural areas where he became acquainted with local Polish folk music. These influenced his later ballads and Mazurkas. Aged 16, Chopin began three years of music study with Jozef Elsner, a Silesian Composer at the Warsaw Conservatory. These three years were important for Chopin’s musical education, where he learnt music theory and more classical composition. His reputation continued to grow and he performed for Tsar Alexander I during a recital in Warsaw. Early in November 1830, Chopin left Warsaw, hoping to travel and meet the leading musical and cultural figures of Europe. It meant that during the November 1830 uprising, Chopin was outside of Poland. Chopin supported the Polish uprising against Russian rule and felt bad he wasn’t there to support the movement. Waiting in Vienna for news of his Polish homeland was an emotional moment, with his career put on hold as he waited for news, he writes of his feelings in a letter to J.Elsner “In vain does Malfatti try to convince me that every artist is a cosmopolitan. Even if so, as an artist, I am still in my cradle, as a Pole, I am already twenty; I hope, therefore that, knowing me well, you will not chide me that so far I have not thought about the programme of the concert”. (source) Chopin was depressed on hearing the news that the uprising was crushed by Russian forces. Life in Paris In September 1831, Chopin arrived in Paris, where he would stay for most of the rest of his life. He joined the growing Polish emigre community and enjoyed the musical and cultural life of Paris. However, he never considered himself French, and continually thought about his birthplace, Poland. Chopin was influential in retaining a nationalist influence on his music and composition. He was proud of his Polish heritage and it retained a strong influence on his composition and musical life. Franz Liszt stated that Chopin was: “a Polish artist, may be ranked first among musicians who have had an individual poetic sense of a particular nation. In Paris, Chopin became friendly with many leading musical and literary figures, such as Franz Liszt, Hector Berlioz, Eugene Delacroix and Robert Schumann. It was Schumann who gave Chopin an important glowing review. After hearing Chopins’ Variation on La ci darem la mano‘ Schumann declared ‘Hats off, gentleman! A genius.’ Chopin became greatly in demand as a piano teacher, performer and composer. Due to ill health and a reluctance to play in front of large audiences, Chopin rarely gave public performances; he preferred to give small recitals in private salons. Yet, despite limited public appearances, his reputation as a pianist grew and he is widely considered to be one of the greatest pianists of the era. Chopin the composer Chopin composed over 230 pieces which have survived. Chopin developed many musical styles, especially for the piano. For example, he created Nocturnes with great levels of sophistication and depth. His Preludes and Etudes have become classic works in the teaching of the piano. Chopin is considered synonymous with the Romantic movement of the Nineteenth Century. Primarily a poetic movement, Chopin was seen as a musical offshoot of Romanticism. His musical style included a dazzling style with both improvisation and a sense of freedom, but also a strong inclination to harmony and effortless melody. Personal life Chopin suffered ill health throughout his life, and in the late 1830s, sought to escape the cold winters of Paris, and tried living in Majorca and Spain. He travelled to Majorca with his lover George (f) Sands. It was a strange relationship with Chopin initially saying he couldn’t really believe she looked like a woman, yet despite a physical dislike, he felt a strange attraction. However, their relationship became increasingly tempestuous, with Chopin taking the side of Sand’s daughter Solange in arguments. However, Sand proved a faithful companion as Chopin’s health deteriorated. It was Sand who helped to nurse Chopin during periods of his ill health. Despite frequent arguments, there was a mutual affection. Yet, it ended acrimoniously with the couple splitting before his death. In 1848, Chopin’s health became much worse, (his weight had fallen to 45 kg); he was likely suffering from tuberculosis. But, he was able to make one last journey to Scotland and later England. In England, he gave his last public performance at the Guildhall, London. In his last few years, his fame as a performer declined, and he lacked the health and energy to teach. Despite earning good money, earlier in his career, he became reliant on benefactors and selling off furniture in his last couple of years to help with bills. On 17 October 1848, he died, surrounded by Solange and a few close friends. [The Empire Trading] You are receiving our newsletter because you opted-in for it on one of our sister websites. [Privacy Policy]( - [Terms & Conditions]( The easiest way to stay up to date with the investing world is by [whitelisting us.]( 11780 US Highway 1 Palm Beach Gardens, FL 33408-3080 Would you like to [edit your e-mail notification preferences or unsubscribe]( from our mailing list? Copyright © 2023 Weiss Ratings. All rights reserved. This offer is brought to you by The Empire Trading. 221 W 9th St # Wilmington, DE 19801. If you would like to unsubscribe from receiving offers brought to you by The Empire Trading [click here](. 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