That's just Nuts

   Daily Grind:[Share a Cup with a Friend.](    [The DAILY GRIND NEWS](  Grind for October 3, 2017  First sip  "Everybody talks about the weather, but nobody does anything about it." - Charles Dudley Warner   [Learn more about RevenueStripe...](  Not Fair The Headline Italy arrests refugees after they were forced to operate smuggling boats The Grind Ousaineu Joof is from Gambia. In 2015, he paid a smuggler to take him to Europe after his father threatened to kill him for attending a religious ceremony. Joof crossed the Mediterranean on a rubber boat with about 100 other people. The boat was rescued by the Italian Coast Guard and the refugees were questioned. Joof was hospitalized for dehydration. When he recovered, he was charged with "facilitating illegal migration" and sentenced to one year in prison. He was 15 years old. Cases like this are very common, admits Gigi Modica, a criminal judge in Palermo. Modica was one of the first Italian judges to admit that people who are forced into piloting boats should not be punished. The Details Every group of refugees to arrive in Sicily is questioned for potential links to the vast smuggling network that has brought more than 85,000 people into Italy so far this year. Right now, there are about 1,400 refugees sitting in Italian prisons after allegedly participating in the smuggling network. "Most of them paid smugglers in Libya for passage to Europe and were forced to pilot the boat, often at gunpoint," reports The Intercept. Authorities are facing increasing criticism for arresting the "scafisti" ("boat drivers") instead of the "trafficanti" (human traffickers). People complain that charges are leveled against innocent people and that authorities do not take into account the violence and coercion common in the smuggling business. In some cases, refugees are offered asylum if they tell authorities who drove the boat. "I've defended over 100 scafista cases, and I have never met a scafisti that drove for money," says criminal lawyer Emilio Cintollo. Joof is no longer in prison, but he is still awaiting trial. He lives in a center for minors and is studying to be a chef. His biggest complaint about being in prison was that he was never allowed to call home. His family thought he was dead for one year and two months. You Might Like    [Learn more about RevenueStripe...]( You Learn Something New Everyday The Headline Squirrels are really smart The Grind We already knew squirrels were pretty smart, but according to a study conducted at UC Berkeley, they are even smarter than we thought. Squirrels stash between 3,000 and 10,000 nuts each year. Unless they are transported several miles (or across a body of water), they can almost always find their way back to their nuts. According to a new study, squirrels are capable of sorting nuts by variety, quality, and personal preference. The Study Eastern fox squirrels on the UC Berkeley campus have been observed to utilize a complex cognitive strategy called "chunking" to organize their nuts. "Squirrels may use chunking the same way you put away your groceries," explains co-author Lucia Jacobs. "You might put fruit on one shelf and vegetables on another. Then when you're looking for an onion, you only have to look in one place, not every shelf in the kitchen." Lucia's team came to this conclusion by presenting 45 wild squirrels with arrangements of 16 nuts consisting of almonds, pecans, hazelnuts, and walnuts. The nuts were presented in various arrangements, some organized and some random. The team used GPS to create a map of each squirrel's movements - from starting location to nut stash. This is how they discovered that squirrels bury different types of nuts in different locations. "This is the first demonstration of chunking in a scatter-hoarder animal, and also suggests that squirrels use flexible strategies to store food depending on how they acquire food," explains co-author Mikel Delgado.  Good to the last drop  Did you know... Kissing actually has the biological purpose of passing on biological information and chemical signals to assess mating possibilities and status.  [Pass the Cream](  [Fb](  [Tw](  [Pass the Sugar]( [The Daily Grind]  [Learn more about RevenueStripe...](   This email was sent to {EMAIL}" If this email was forwarded to you and you would like to subscribe, we would love to have you [Subscribe Here](  This email is never sent unsolicited. You have received this Daily Grind email because you subscribed to it or someone forwarded it to you. To opt out, see the links below. Click this link if you would like to [advertise](mailto:advertising@thedailygrind.news?Subject=Advertise%20on%20thedailygrind.news) on [thedailygrind.news](. 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