+ the history of eating out US Edition - Today's top story: What's next for Cuba and the United States after Raul Castro's retirement [View in browser]( US Edition | 20 April 2021 [The Conversation](
Academic rigor, journalistic flair Cubaâs Castro dynasty has officially ended. Raul Castro, the younger brother of longtime Cuban leader Fidel Castro, stepped down as head of Cubaâs Communist Party on April 16 â 60 years after Cuba's military triumph over a U.S.-backed invasion at the Bay of Pigs. Since then, U.S.-Cuban relations have âalternated between hostile and icy,â writes Cuba scholar Joseph Gonzalez. Castroâs resignation [isnât likely to cause a sudden thaw](, says Gonzalez â but transformation may yet be on the horizon. Cuban society is changing, and that will ultimately influence relations between Washington and Havana. Also today: - [The ups and downs of European soccer](
- [Is it your ethical duty to get vaccinated?](
- [Why kids benefit from cross-class friendships]( Catesby Holmes International Editor | Politics Editor
Today's newsletter supported by [MarketWatch](
With Raul Castroâs resignation as first secretary of the Communist Party, the Castro era is officially over in Cuba. Yamil Lage/AFP via Getty Images
[Whatâs next for Cuba and the United States after Raul Castroâs retirement]( Joseph J. Gonzalez, Appalachian State University Just as Fidel Castro's 2016 death did not transform US-Cuba ties, his brother Raulâs exit from politics is unlikely to do so. But Cuba itself is changing. Eventually, Havana and Washington will, too. Arts + Culture -
[The ups and downs of European soccer are part of its culture â moving to a US-style âclosedâ Super League would destroy that]( Stefan Szymanski, University of Michigan More competitive games between top soccer clubs is desirable but creating a 'closed' system would harm a soccer culture built on dreams, says the man who predicted the Super League two decades ago. Environment + Energy -
[Hydrogen is one future fuel oil execs and environmentalists could both support as rival countries search for climate solutions]( John Ballantine, Brandeis University The genius of the Paris climate agreement was getting major oil producing countries to agree to a target, but they still have widely different views of energy's future. -
[The US electric power sector is halfway to zero carbon emissions]( Bentham Paulos, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; Dev Millstein, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; Joseph Rand, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; Ryan Wiser, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Fifteen years ago electric power generation was the largest source of US greenhouse gas emissions. Now the power sector is leading the shift to a clean energy economy. Politics + Society -
[No visits and barely any calls â pandemic makes separation even scarier for people with a family member in prison]( Alexander Testa, The University of Texas at San Antonio; Chantal Fahmy, The University of Texas at San Antonio For the 6.5 million Americans who have an incarcerated family member, COVID-19 has made an already stressful situation much worse by drastically limiting communication and raising fears of death. -
[Domestic violence calls for help increased during the pandemic â but the answers havenât gotten any easier]( Tara N. Richards, University of Nebraska Omaha; Justin Nix, University of Nebraska Omaha Calls to police and hotlines by domestic violence victims increased during the pandemic. This translates into an expanded number of families that will need help even after the pandemic. Ethics + Religion -
[There are plenty of moral reasons to be vaccinated â but that doesnât mean itâs your ethical duty]( Travis N. Rieder, Johns Hopkins University A moral philosopher explains why the ethics of getting or refusing the COVID-19 vaccine are more complex than it might seem. -
[From haute cuisine to hot dogs: How dining out has evolved over 200 years â and is innovating further in the pandemic]( Hannah Cutting-Jones, University of Oregon The pandemic changed people's dining-out experience, with takeout becoming more common. But since dining out became fashionable in the 18th century, how and where people go to eat has been evolving. Education -
[Why itâs good for kids to have friends from different socioeconomic backgrounds]( Leah M. Lessard, University of Connecticut; Jaana Juvonen, University of California, Los Angeles Researchers consider how friendships that bridge across social class â "cross-class friendships" â contribute to middle school academic achievement differences based on level of parents' education. -
[Student loan debt is costing recent grads much more than just money]( Kate Padgett Walsh, Iowa State University; Dalié Jiménez, University of California, Irvine; Raphaël Charron-Chénier, Arizona State University Student loan debt can affect not only the financial health of recent grads but also their mental and emotional health. Three scholars weigh in on the greater costs student loans can have on borrowers. Economy + Business -
[An advantage of the governmentâs new payments for families: Not humiliating poor people]( Wendy Bach, University of Tennessee For middle-class and wealthy families, securing government aid tends to be free of hassles. For low-income families, the process is often stigmatizing and the benefits meager. From our international editions -
[Significant archives are under threat in Cape Townâs fire. Why they matter so much]( Shannon Morreira, University of Cape Town Losing archives has significant implications in a country like South Africa with a fraught and contested history because voices from the past, which may carry alternative histories, are lost. -
[Female robots are seen as being the most human. Why?]( Sylvie Borau, TBS Business School Virtual assistants and robots are frequently given female attributes. To curb the massive use of such gendering in AI, we need to better understand the deep roots of this phenomenon. -
[Mars: how Ingenuity helicopter made the first flight on another planet]( Monica Grady, The Open University The maiden flight of Mars helicopter was a significant advance in propulsion technology. --------------------------------------------------------------- Todayâs graphic [A line graph showing the CO2 emissions of various countries including China and the United States.]( Youâre receiving this newsletter from [The Conversation](.
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