The cities that pay that most in fines

Cities with more black residents rely more on traffic tickets and fines for revenue [Click here to view this message in your web-browser](. Edition: US 21 October 2019 [The Conversation]( Academic rigor, journalistic flair [Aviva Rutkin] A note from... Aviva Rutkin Data Editor The average U.S. city generates only about $21 per person from fines. But some make far more. “Even seemingly colorblind policies, like a $90 traffic citation for speeding, can have outcomes that are very much not colorblind,” writes Akheil Singla of Arizona State University. His new study shows that cities with larger black populations [tend to make far more from traffic citations](, forfeitures and other minor fines. Also today: - [A way to discourage rebuilding in disaster-prone areas]( - [The link between pronunciation and political party]( - [Why evergreens don’t change color in the fall]( And today marks five years since [The Conversation US]( launched from the basement of one of Boston University’s buildings. In that time, we’ve published nearly 10,000 articles by over 7,500 authors, reaching tens of millions of readers. We could not have accomplished all we have without our loyal readers, university partners, authors, republishers and funders. Thank you for your continued readership and support. Top story How much does your city make from traffic tickets and other fines? vchal/Shutterstock.com [Cities with more black residents rely more on traffic tickets and fines for revenue]( Akheil Singla, Arizona State University A study looked at fines in 93 California cities. Cities with more black residents and more disproportionately white police forces tended to rely the most on fines. Economy + Business - [Bans on rebuilding in disaster-prone areas ignore homeowners preferences – raising costs works better]( Alexander Smith, Worcester Polytechnic Institute Behavioral economics offers a less heavy-handed approach than bans to reducing the costs and risks of homebuilding in disaster-prone areas. Environment + Energy - [Americans, especially millennials, are embracing plant-based meat products]( Sheril Kirshenbaum, Michigan State University; Douglas Buhler, Michigan State University Americans eat more meat on average than citizens of any other nation, but new survey findings show that plant-based meat products are winning fans across the US. Arts + Culture - [Your political views can predict how you pronounce certain words]( Zachary Jaggers, University of Oregon How members of America's two parties view the country – and its place in the world – might explain this phenomenon. Science + Technology - [Why don’t evergreens change color and drop their leaves every fall?]( Barry Logan, Bowdoin College Many deciduous trees put on a dazzling fall foliage display. But coniferous evergreens hold on to their needles and stay green. A biologist breaks down these different survival strategies. Politics + Society - [Why the Kurdish conflict in Turkey is so intractable]( Recep Onursal, University of Kent By burying the Kurdish conflict, Turkey has made it that much more difficult to resolve. Most read on site - [Study: Racism shortens lives and hurts health of blacks by promoting genes that lead to inflammation and illness]( April Thames, University of Southern California – Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences The recent death of Elijah Cummings at age 68 underscores a disturbing statistic: black men die, on average, five years younger than white men. A study shows racism's effects on gene activity. - [If impeachment comes to the Senate – 5 questions answered]( Sarah Burns, Rochester Institute of Technology Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell is known as a master of Senate rules. If the House impeaches President Trump, what could he do to influence the process – and outcome – of a trial? - [Bosses face more discrimination if they are women – from employees of any gender]( Martin Abel, Middlebury Women in the workplace face discrimination at every level, including in upper management. Today’s chart - [Enable images to see the chart]( From the article: [Americans, especially millennials, are embracing plant-based meat products]( [Sheril Kirshenbaum] Sheril Kirshenbaum Michigan State University [Douglas Buhler] Douglas Buhler Michigan State University [Forward this email to your friends]( Ask them to sign up at [Follow us on Twitter.]( [Join us on Facebook.]( You’re receiving this newsletter from [The Conversation](. Not interested anymore? [Unsubscribe instantly](. We’ll miss you. 89 South Street - Suite 202 Boston, MA 02111