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[divider] [This obscure financial document...]( Stepan Andriyovych Bandera (Ukrainian: СÑепаÌн ÐндÑÑÌÐ¹Ð¾Ð²Ð¸Ñ ÐандеÌÑа, IPA: [steËpÉn ÉnËdâ½Ê²â¾râ½Ê²â¾ijoÊɪtÍ¡Ê bÉnËdÉrÉ]; Polish: Stepan Andrijowycz Bandera; nickname Baba[1] aka Stefan Popel;[2] 1 January 1909 â 15 October 1959) was a Ukrainian far-right leader of the radical, militant wing of the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists, the OUN-B.[1][3][4][5][6][nb 1][nb 2][nb 3][7][8] Bandera was born in the Austro-Hungarian Empire, in Galicia, into the family of a priest of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church.[9] Involved in nationalist organizations from a young age, Bandera was convicted of terrorism and sentenced to death for his involvement in the 1934 assassination of the Polish interior minister BronisÅaw Pieracki, commuted to life imprisonment. Bandera was freed from prison in 1939 following the invasion of Poland, and moved to Kraków. He prepared the 1941 proclamation of the Ukrainian state, pledging to work with Nazi Germany after Germany invaded the Soviet Union on 22 June 1941.[10][11]:â50â[nb 4] The Germans disapproved of the proclamation, and for his refusal to rescind the decree, Bandera was arrested by the Gestapo. He was released in 1944 by the Germans in hopes that he could fight the Soviet advance. After the war, Bandera settled with his family in West Germany. In 1959, Bandera was assassinated by a KGB agent in Munich.[12][13][2] Bandera remains a highly controversial figure in Ukraine.[14][15] Many Ukrainians hail him as a role model hero[16][17] or as a martyred liberation fighter,[6] while other Ukrainians, particularly in the south and east, condemn him as a fascist[18] Nazi collaborator[16] who was, together with his followers, responsible for massacres of Polish and Jewish civilians during World War II.[19][9][20][21][22][8] On 22 January 2010, the president of Ukraine, Viktor Yushchenko, awarded Bandera the posthumous title of Hero of Ukraine, which was widely condemned. The award was subsequently annulled in 2011. [form 4]( Proves that Amazon founder Jeff Bezos is dumping BILLIONS of dollars of AMZN stock⦠Stepan Bandera was born on 1 January 1909 in Staryi Uhryniv, Galicia, Austria-Hungary (officially the Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria, created after the first partition of Poland, now in Western Ukraine)[23] to Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church priest Andriy Bandera (1882â1941) and Myroslava (1890â1921) into a family that would number eight in total.[5]:â557â Bandera's younger brothers included Oleksandr, who would go on to earn a doctorate in political economy at the University of Rome, and Vasyl who finished a degree in philosophy at the University of Lviv. Bandera grew up in a patriotic and religious household.[1] He did not attend primary school due to the First World War and was taught at home by his parents.[1]:â91â Young Stepan Bandera was undersized and slim.[1]:â97â He sang in a choir, played guitar and mandolin, enjoyed hiking, jogging, swimming, ice skating, basketball and chess.[1]:â93â The house of Bandera's family in Staryi Uhryniv, Ukraine After the dissolution of Austria-Hungary in the wake of World War I, Galicia briefly became the West Ukrainian People's Republic. Bandera's father, who joined the Ukrainian Galician Army as a chaplain, was active in the nationalist movement preceding the PolishâUkrainian War, which was fought between November 1918 to July 1919 and ended with Ukrainian defeat and the reintegration of the West Ukrainian People's Republic into eastern Poland. His mother moved with her sons to the town of Yahilnytsya in Chortkiv Raion while her husband Andriy was away. The Chortkiv offensive in June 1919 initially saw the Ukrainian Galician Army successfully capture land in the area, but they were outnumbered about five to one and were pushed over the river Zbruch. With Poles arriving to reclaim the area and her husband away, Myroslava and her sons began the almost 100-mile voyage back west to Staryi Uhryniv. She became ill on the way and never fully recovered. She died from tuberculosis at the age of 31.[citation needed] Mykola Mikhnovsky's 1900 publication, Independent Ukraine, influenced the young Bandera greatly.[5]:â558â After graduating from a Ukrainian high school in 1927, where he was engaged in a number of youth organizations, Bandera planned to attend the Husbandry Academy in Czechoslovakia, but he either did not get a passport or the Academy notified him that it was closed.[citation needed] In 1928, Bandera enrolled in the agronomy program at the Politechnika Lwowska in Lwów, but never completed his studies due to his political activities and arrests.[1]:â93â94â And plowing it directly into supporting [VLEO.]( Early activities Stepan Bandera in folkloristic Cossack costume Stepan Bandera had met and associated himself with members of a variety of Ukrainian nationalist organizations throughout his schooling, from Plast, to the Union for the Liberation of Ukraine (Ukrainian: УкÑаÑнÑÑка ÐизволÑна ÐÑганÑзаÑÑÑ) and the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists. In the early 1930s, in response to attacks perpetrated by Ukrainian nationalists, Polish authorities carried out the pacification of Ukrainians in Eastern Galicia against the Ukrainian minority. This resulted in destroyed property and mass detentions, and took place in southeastern voivodeships of the Second Polish Republic.[24][nb 5] At the same time, Bandera was actively recruiting groups of Ukrainian nationalists and was arrested six times for unlawful crossings of the Polish-Czechoslovak frontier while smuggling prohibited OUN periodicals into Poland.[1] OUN Bandera joined OUN in 1929, and quickly climbed through the ranks, becoming the chief propaganda officer in 1931,[citation needed] the second in command of OUN in Galicia in 1932â1933,[25]:â18â and the head of the OUN national executive in Galicia in June 1933.[9]:â99â In 1931, Polish politician Tadeusz HoÅówko was assassinated by two members of the OUN. Although there is no direct implication of Bandera's involvement in his assassination, Bandera is known to have expanded the OUN's network in the borderlands between Poland and todayâs Ukraine, known as Kresy, directing it against both Poland and the Soviet Union. An internal CIA report from 1946 stated that from 1932 Bandera was assistant chief of OUN and around that time controlled several "warrior units" in Poland in places such as the Free City of Danzig (Wolne Miasto GdaÅsk), Drohobycz, Lwów, StanisÅawów, Brzezany, and Truskawiec.[25]:â18â Bandera collaboratorated closely with Richard Yary, who would later side with Bandera and help him form OUN-B. To stop expropriations, Bandera turned OUN against the Polish officials who were directly responsible for anti-Ukrainian policies.[citation needed] Activities ranged from terrorist acts, such as attacks on post-offices, bomb-throwing at Polish exhibitions and murders of policemen[25]:â18â19â[26] to mass campaigns against Polish tobacco and alcohol monopolies and against the denationalization of Ukrainian youth.[citation needed] In 1934 Bandera was arrested in Lwów and tried twice: first, concerning involvement in a plot to assassinate the minister of internal affairs, BronisÅaw Pieracki, and second at a general trial of OUN executives. He was convicted of terrorism and sentenced to death. The death sentence was commuted to life imprisonment.[9][2] Press report from the trial of Bandera and his associates for the murder of Polish minister BronisÅaw Pieracki, November 20, 1935 After the trials, Bandera became renowned and admired among Ukrainians in Poland and abroad[citation needed] as a symbol of a revolutionary who fought for Ukrainian independence.[1]:â535â While in prison Bandera was not completely isolated from the world political discourse of the late 1930s thanks to Ukrainian and other newspaper subscriptions delivered to his cell.[1]:â112â Bandera was freed from Brest (BrzeÅÄ) Prison in Eastern Poland in early September 1939, as a result of the invasion of Poland. There are differing accounts of the circumstances of his release.[nb 6] Soon thereafter Eastern Poland was occupied by the Soviet Union. Upon release from prison, Bandera moved to Kraków, the capital of Germany's occupational General Government in the German-occupied zone of Poland, where he established close connections with the German Abwehr and Wehrmacht.[11][10][1] There, he also came in contact with the leader of the OUN, Andriy Atanasovych Melnyk. In 1940, the political differences and expectations between the two leaders caused the OUN to split into two factions, OUN-B and OUN-M (Banderites and Melnykites) each one claiming legitimacy.[32] The OUN-M faction led by Melnyk preached a more conservative approach to nation-building, while the OUN-B faction, led by Bandera, supported a revolutionary approach, however in terms of radical nationalism, fascism, anti-semitism, xenophobia and violence both factions didnât contradict each other.[33][1][34][35] The vast majority of young OUN members joined Bandera's faction, which was devoted to the independence of Ukraine, a single-party fascist totalitarian state free of national minorities[36][nb 7][37] and was later responsible for the ethnic cleansing,[38][39][40] pogroms,[9][41] implicated in collaboration with Nazi Germany[42][nb 8][43][11][8] and the Holocaust.[6][nb 9][44][45][5][46][nb 10][47][1] [Click here for the full story, and to see how YOU can get in, too!]( [divider] You showed interest in the niche of financial education on one of our signup forms or landing pages. 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