The man who called Tesla at $113 now says: âdo NOT buy $TSLA until you see this.â 07/14/23 I [View in browser]( [Red State Foundation]( Chronology in five stages[edit] Diagram of evolution of the (observable part) of the universe from the Big Bang (left), the CMB-reference afterglow, to the present For the purposes of this summary, it is convenient to divide the chronology of the universe since it originated, into five parts. It is generally considered meaningless or unclear whether time existed before this chronology: The very early universe[edit] The first picosecond (10â12) of cosmic time. It includes the Planck epoch, during which currently established laws of physics may not have applied; the emergence in stages of the four known fundamental interactions or forcesâfirst gravitation, and later the electromagnetic, weak and strong interactions; and the expansion of space itself and supercooling of the still immensely hot universe due to cosmic inflation. Tiny ripples in the universe at this stage are believed to be the basis of large-scale structures that formed much later. Different stages of the very early universe are understood to different extents. The earlier parts are beyond the grasp of practical experiments in particle physics but can be explored through the extrapolation of known physical laws to extreme high temperatures. The early universe[edit] This period lasted around 370,000 years. Initially, various kinds of subatomic particles are formed in stages. These particles include almost equal amounts of matter and antimatter, so most of it quickly annihilates, leaving a small excess of matter in the universe. The man who called Tesla at $113 now says: âdo NOT buy $TSLA until you see this.â He says [this is a huge story nobody is talking aboutâ¦](
The Dark Ages and large-scale structure emergence[edit] This period measures from 370,000 years until about 1 billion years. After recombination and decoupling, the universe was transparent but the clouds of hydrogen only collapsed very slowly to form stars and galaxies, so there were no new sources of light. The only photons (electromagnetic radiation, or "light") in the universe were those released during decoupling (visible today as the cosmic microwave background) and 21 cm radio emissions occasionally emitted by hydrogen atoms. The decoupled photons would have filled the universe with a brilliant pale orange glow at first, gradually redshifting to non-visible wavelengths after about 3 million years, leaving it without visible light. This period is known as the cosmic Dark Ages. At some point around 200 to 500 million years, the earliest generations of stars and galaxies form (exact timings are still being researched), and early large structures gradually emerge, drawn to the foam-like dark matter filaments which have already begun to draw together throughout the universe. The earliest generations of stars have not yet been observed astronomically. They may have been huge (100â300 solar masses) and non-metallic, with very short lifetimes compared to most stars we see today, so they commonly finish burning their hydrogen fuel and explode as highly energetic pair-instability supernovae after mere millions of years.[7] Other theories suggest that they may have included small stars, some perhaps still burning today. In either case, these early generations of supernovae created most of the everyday elements we see around us today, and seeded the universe with them. Galaxy clusters and superclusters emerge over time. At some point, high-energy photons from the earliest stars, dwarf galaxies and perhaps quasars leads to a period of reionization that commences gradually between about 250â500 million years and finishes by about 1 billion years (exact timings still being researched). The Dark Ages only fully came to an end at about 1 billion years as the universe gradually transitioned into the universe we see around us today, but denser, hotter, more intense in star formation, and more rich in smaller (particularly unbarred) spiral and irregular galaxies, as opposed to giant elliptical galaxies. While early stars have not been observed, some galaxies have been observed from about 400 million years cosmic time (GN-z11 at redshift zâ11.1, just after the start of reionization); these are currently the early observations of stars and galaxies. The James Webb Space Telescope, launched in 2021, is intended to push this back to zâ20 (180 million years cosmic time), enough to see the first galaxies (â270 Myr) and early stars (â100 to 180 Myr). And is telling everyone to mark July 19 on their calendar. [Go here to see this now.Â](
The universe as it appears today[edit] From 1 billion years, and for about 12.8 billion years, the universe has looked much as it does today and it will continue to appear very similar for many billions of years into the future. The thin disk of our galaxy began to form at about 5 billion years (8.8 Gya),[8] and the Solar System formed at about 9.2 billion years (4.6 Gya), with the earliest traces of life on Earth emerging by about 10.3 billion years (3.5 Gya). The thinning of matter over time reduces the ability of gravity to decelerate the expansion of the universe; in contrast, dark energy (believed to be a constant scalar field throughout the visible universe) is a constant factor tending to accelerate the expansion of the universe. The universe's expansion passed an inflection point about five or six billion years ago, when the universe entered the modern "dark-energy-dominated era" where the universe's expansion is now accelerating rather than decelerating. The present-day universe is understood quite well, but beyond about 100 billion years of cosmic time (about 86 billion years in the future), uncertainties in current knowledge mean that we are less sure which path the universe will take.[9][10] The far future and ultimate fate[edit] At some time the Stelliferous Era will end as stars are no longer being born, and the expansion of the universe will mean that the observable universe becomes limited to local galaxies. There are various scenarios for the far future and ultimate fate of the universe. More exact knowledge of the present day universe may allow these to be better understood. [Red State Foundation]( You are receiving this editorial newsletter on your email: {EMAIL}. If you wish to discontinue receiving these emails, kindly click on the [unsubscribe link](. To make certain that our emails keep arriving in your inbox, kindly include our email address in your address book. Polaris Advertising appreciates your feedback and inquiries. However, we would like to bring to your attention that the law prohibits us from providing personalized advice. To get in touch with us, you can call our toll-free number Domestic/International: +1 302 966-9552, available from Monday to Friday between 9 am and 5 pm ET. Alternatively, you can send an email to support@polarisadvertising.com.
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