The Thorny Question of Judges’ Objectivity

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[special briefing logo] IN ASSOCIATION WITH NETFLIX 5bd73c4b66b9291b5257b0a0:ot:591df7fbac0c811781aa5dbc:1/088b3f82?jwtH=eyJ0eXAiOiJKV1QiLCJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiJ9&jwtP=eyJpYXQiOjE1NDEwMjAwODAsImNkIjoiLmNvcmRpYWwuaW8iLCJjZSI6ODY0MDAsInRrIjoib3p5bGl2ZSIsIm10bElEIjoiNWJkNzUwODE2NmI5Mjk4MjZmNTdiMGE3IiwibGlua1VybCI6Imh0dHBzOlwvXC93d3cub3p5LmNvbVwvdG9waWNcL3NwZWNpYWwtYnJpZWZpbmc_dXRtX3NvdXJjZT1TcGVjaWFsQnJpZWZpbmdfMTAzMTIwMTgmdXRtX21lZGl1bT1lbWFpbCZ1dG1fY2FtcGFpZ249MTAzMTIwMTgmdmFyaWFibGU9MDkwODhjM2Y0NTA5ZDYyMGNhNWFkOTVkY2JiNDYyY2IifQ&jwtS=eJEmfD-BwtFl-EK6SwNHvZ0BxhDO0SZI6Czpq6FZUGc 5bd73c4b66b9291b5257b0a0:ot:591df7fbac0c811781aa5dbc:1/088b3f82?jwtH=eyJ0eXAiOiJKV1QiLCJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiJ9&jwtP=eyJpYXQiOjE1NDEwMjAwODAsImNkIjoiLmNvcmRpYWwuaW8iLCJjZSI6ODY0MDAsInRrIjoib3p5bGl2ZSIsIm10bElEIjoiNWJkNzUwODE2NmI5Mjk4MjZmNTdiMGE3IiwibGlua1VybCI6Imh0dHBzOlwvXC93d3cub3p5LmNvbVwvdG9waWNcL3NwZWNpYWwtYnJpZWZpbmc_dXRtX3NvdXJjZT1TcGVjaWFsQnJpZWZpbmdfMTAzMTIwMTgmdXRtX21lZGl1bT1lbWFpbCZ1dG1fY2FtcGFpZ249MTAzMTIwMTgmdmFyaWFibGU9MDkwODhjM2Y0NTA5ZDYyMGNhNWFkOTVkY2JiNDYyY2IifQ&jwtS=eJEmfD-BwtFl-EK6SwNHvZ0BxhDO0SZI6Czpq6FZUGc This is an [OZY Special Briefing](5bd73c4b66b9291b5257b0a0:ot:591df7fbac0c811781aa5dbc:1/088b3f82?jwtH=eyJ0eXAiOiJKV1QiLCJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiJ9&jwtP=eyJpYXQiOjE1NDEwMjAwODAsImNkIjoiLmNvcmRpYWwuaW8iLCJjZSI6ODY0MDAsInRrIjoib3p5bGl2ZSIsIm10bElEIjoiNWJkNzUwODE2NmI5Mjk4MjZmNTdiMGE3IiwibGlua1VybCI6Imh0dHBzOlwvXC93d3cub3p5LmNvbVwvdG9waWNcL3NwZWNpYWwtYnJpZWZpbmc_dXRtX3NvdXJjZT1TcGVjaWFsQnJpZWZpbmdfMTAzMTIwMTgmdXRtX21lZGl1bT1lbWFpbCZ1dG1fY2FtcGFpZ249MTAzMTIwMTgmdmFyaWFibGU9MDkwODhjM2Y0NTA5ZDYyMGNhNWFkOTVkY2JiNDYyY2IifQ&jwtS=eJEmfD-BwtFl-EK6SwNHvZ0BxhDO0SZI6Czpq6FZUGc), an extension of the Presidential Daily Brief. The Special Briefing tells you what you need to know about an important issue, individual or story that is making news. Each one serves up an interesting selection of facts, opinions, images and videos in order to catch you up and vault you ahead. Patriot Act with hasan minhaj [care] WHAT TO KNOW What’s happening? The knock-down, drag-out fight over Brett Kavanaugh’s Supreme Court confirmation — including multiple allegations of sexual misconduct, tears and anger on both sides — has left many exhausted. Kavanaugh has a lifetime appointment, but also a plethora of newspaper op-eds wondering if his nomination has tarnished the court’s objective image. Why does it matter? While one can question whether the Supreme Court has ever been as sacred as it may seem — it’s a tool of power that many have sought to control throughout American history — there’s a lot more to the U.S. judicial system than the Supreme Court. Justice begins at home, with local judges and public opinion. And while the American system has its quirks, it’s not the only one embroiled in a discussion of jurisprudence and bias. Not by a long shot. [know]HOW TO THINK ABOUT IT American exceptionalism. Trust in the judicial branch of government is at 68 percent according to a Gallup Poll, which matches up with historical averages. A survey published last year by the National Center for State Courts found that 44 percent of Americans rate their state courts as excellent or good, with 58 percent describing them as “fair and impartial.” Public trust in the courts isn’t rising — and at the state level it’s fallen slightly — but Gallup found trust in the Supreme Court is significantly higher than trust in the executive or legislative branch, which respectively have the confidence of 42 percent and 40 percent of the electorate. Meanwhile, a 2018 Eurobarometer survey found that only 56 percent of Europeans believe their nation’s courts rate well in terms of judicial independence, and only 53 percent of Africans say they trust the courts. Stand and deliver. Appointed Supreme Court justices get most of the press, but 85 percent of U.S. judges are elected rather than appointed. With judges running for office subject to the same financial pressures of any U.S. candidate, they have to raise a lot of cash to win — and therefore may be beholden to big donors. A 2013 survey from the Brennan Center for Justice found that 59 percent of respondents thought such contributions would have a “great deal” of influence over judges’ decisions in office. The 2015-16 election cycle saw a record 27 state Supreme Court justices run in races where more than $1 million was spent. Meanwhile, in 22 U.S. states, judicial candidates don’t even have to be lawyers (though in most of those states, anyone convicted of a misdemeanor by a non-lawyer judge can request a retrial with a legally educated judge at the helm). Eastern promises. Concerns over judicial objectivity span the globe. In Poland, President Andrzej Duda recently swore in 27 new Supreme Court justices, despite thousands protesting his forced removal of older judges in what’s seen by opponents as an attempt to pack the courts. Meanwhile, Colombia’s legal system, long famed throughout the Western Hemisphere for its complexity and objectivity, has now been caught up in a corruption scandal involving former President Álvaro Uribe — and his political protégé, current President Iván Duque. Setting limits. A growing number of commentators, witnessing the seemingly accelerating politicization of the Supreme Court confirmation process, have suggested a way to mitigate the problem: Term limits. Lengthy but defined Supreme Court terms, they argue, would ensure that “packing the court” is impossible and reduce the need for political parties to fight tooth and nail against specific nominees. Another potential future: Some have speculated that the next time Democrats hold political power, they may take drastic steps — like adding two additional Supreme Court justices to regain a majority despite Kavanaugh’s confirmation. [read] WHAT TO READ [The Wounds Won’t Heal: The fight over Brett Kavanaugh’s confirmation has left the United States deeply divided, by David French in The Atlantic](5bd73c4b66b9291b5257b0a0:ot:591df7fbac0c811781aa5dbc:1/6e6ece7c?jwtH=eyJ0eXAiOiJKV1QiLCJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiJ9&jwtP=eyJpYXQiOjE1NDEwMjAwODAsImNkIjoiLmNvcmRpYWwuaW8iLCJjZSI6ODY0MDAsInRrIjoib3p5bGl2ZSIsIm10bElEIjoiNWJkNzUwODE2NmI5Mjk4MjZmNTdiMGE4IiwibGlua1VybCI6Imh0dHBzOlwvXC93d3cudGhlYXRsYW50aWMuY29tXC9pZGVhc1wvYXJjaGl2ZVwvMjAxOFwvMTBcL2thdmFuYXVnaC1maWdodC1sZWZ0LWFtZXJpY2EtZGl2aWRlZFwvNTcyNTU0XC8ifQ&jwtS=zqAqPCJwr6XiwGjhkCb9HxguvvgabQHITWS_q-0pGSk) “When even good-faith voices find themselves so diametrically, emotionally opposed — unable to step into the other side’s shoes — then we know polarization and division are deeply embedded into the current American DNA.” [Justice for Sale: How elected judges became a threat to American democracy, by Bert Brandenburg in Politico](5bd73c4b66b9291b5257b0a0:ot:591df7fbac0c811781aa5dbc:1/9a215755?jwtH=eyJ0eXAiOiJKV1QiLCJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiJ9&jwtP=eyJpYXQiOjE1NDEwMjAwODAsImNkIjoiLmNvcmRpYWwuaW8iLCJjZSI6ODY0MDAsInRrIjoib3p5bGl2ZSIsIm10bElEIjoiNWJkNzUwODE2NmI5Mjk4MjZmNTdiMGE5IiwibGlua1VybCI6Imh0dHBzOlwvXC93d3cucG9saXRpY28uY29tXC9tYWdhemluZVwvc3RvcnlcLzIwMTRcLzA5XC9lbGVjdGVkLWp1ZGdlcy0xMTAzOTcifQ&jwtS=aT0LVuL3QKV3js7qwB9yFMBnnKtbq09nHh4f9ogokhU) “Traditionally, judicial elections have avoided the plague of big money and interest group influence that have overtaken modern politics. During much of the 1990s, costs for state Supreme Court races hovered between $20 million and $30 million per election; now, it’s routine for the annual haul to exceed $55 million.” [watch] WHAT TO WATCH Polish PM Defends Controversial Judiciary Reform “The highest court in the land appears to be in a state of legal limbo, with neither side showing any signs of backing down.” 5bd73c4b66b9291b5257b0a0:ot:591df7fbac0c811781aa5dbc:1/0056bdb4?jwtH=eyJ0eXAiOiJKV1QiLCJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiJ9&jwtP=eyJpYXQiOjE1NDEwMjAwODAsImNkIjoiLmNvcmRpYWwuaW8iLCJjZSI6ODY0MDAsInRrIjoib3p5bGl2ZSIsIm10bElEIjoiNWJkNzUwODE2NmI5Mjk4MjZmNTdiMGFhIiwibGlua1VybCI6Imh0dHBzOlwvXC93d3cueW91dHViZS5jb21cL3dhdGNoP3Y9Y2hCc0hLRldtV3MifQ&jwtS=lUhPVWB6Ny4KIB4N5_ZUuPbMIKyf6NzXxbrdjael_ms [watch arrow] Watch on Al Jazeera on YouTube --------------------------------------------------------------- Hasan Minhaj Tackles Some Other Tough Cases “In the first two episodes, Hasan unpacks affirmative action and the harsh truth around Saudi Arabia.” 5bd73c4b66b9291b5257b0a0:ot:591df7fbac0c811781aa5dbc:1/fd977bcc?jwtH=eyJ0eXAiOiJKV1QiLCJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiJ9&jwtP=eyJpYXQiOjE1NDEwMjAwODAsImNkIjoiLmNvcmRpYWwuaW8iLCJjZSI6ODY0MDAsInRrIjoib3p5bGl2ZSIsIm10bElEIjoiNWJkNzUwODE2NmI5Mjk4MjZmNTdiMGFjIiwibGlua1VybCI6Imh0dHBzOlwvXC93d3cubmV0ZmxpeC5jb21cL3RpdGxlXC84MDIzOTkzMSJ9&jwtS=S6ecloDM7KeAAuEfXAwMNE-STwmJy8Ro32chd5rzbmQ [watch arrow] Watch Patriot Act on Netflix: [say] WHAT TO SAY AT THE WATERCOOLER Everything old is new again. While some are concerned that Kavanaugh’s appointment will tarnish the court’s reputation as an objective body, [the Supreme Court has long been used for political purposes](5bd73c4b66b9291b5257b0a0:ot:591df7fbac0c811781aa5dbc:1/0b1d5112?jwtH=eyJ0eXAiOiJKV1QiLCJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiJ9&jwtP=eyJpYXQiOjE1NDEwMjAwODAsImNkIjoiLmNvcmRpYWwuaW8iLCJjZSI6ODY0MDAsInRrIjoib3p5bGl2ZSIsIm10bElEIjoiNWJkNzUwODE2NmI5Mjk4MjZmNTdiMGFlIiwibGlua1VybCI6Imh0dHBzOlwvXC93d3cub3p5LmNvbVwvZmxhc2hiYWNrXC90aGUtcHJlc2lkZW50LWJlaGluZC10aGUtdXMtc3VwcmVtZS1jb3VydHMtd29yc3QtZGVjaXNpb25cLzg5MDM1IiwibGlua1ZhcmlhbnQiOiJ7JHZhcmlhbnRJZGVudGlmaWVyfSJ9&jwtS=mQ7jj-I0MCmDN5F7l8pP673mPU1W3QYtfSBrSbW96AQ). In 1857, President James Buchanan leaned mightily on six Supreme Court justices to get them to issue a controversial ruling in the Dred Scott case, which ruled that Black people could never be American citizens and is remembered in the modern legal system as one of the worst rulings ever handed down. Buchanan hoped a decisive ruling might calm tensions over slavery in the country — but the Civil War happened anyway. 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