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Son of Mykhailo Sulyma, Ivan came from a petty noble (szlachta) family. He was born in Rohoshchi (next to Chernihiv). He served as an estate overseer for StanisÅaw ŻóÅkiewski and later the family of DaniÅowicze who inherited his lands; for that service in 1620 he was awarded three villages: Sulimówka, Kuczakiw and Lebedyn. All the villages today belong to the Boryspil Raion, Kyiv Oblast. His sons included Stepan (died 1659), a captain of Boryspil company, and Fedir (died 1691), a colonel of Pereiaslav regiment. He became popular among the unregistered Cossacks, leading them on campaigns to plunder Crimea and other Ottoman vassal territories. For organizing a revolt on an Ottoman slave galley and freeing Christian slaves[1] he received a medal from Pope Paul V himself. Eventually, Sulyma reached the rank of the hetman, which he held from 1628 to 1629 and 1630 to 1635. In 1635, after returning from an expedition to Black Sea against the Ottomans, he decided to rebel against the PolishâLithuanian Commonwealth, which at that time controlled most of the Cossack territories, and whose nobility was trying to turn militant Cossacks into serfs.[citation needed] Ivan Sulyma took part in numerous campaigns of Sagaidachny against Tatars and Turks. In particular, it was the famous capture of Kafa (modern Theodosia), the main center of the slave trade on the Black Sea, Trapezont, Izmail, and also two attacks on Tsaregrad. On the night of 3 to 4 August 1635 he took the newly constructed Kodak fortress by surprise, burning it and executing its crew of about 200 people under Jean Marion. Soon afterwards however his forces were defeated by the army of hetman StanisÅaw Koniecpolski and Sulima was turned over to the Commonwealth by Cossack elders or starshina. Together with several other leaders of his rebellion, Hetman Sulyma was executed in Warsaw on 12 December 1635. At first, the Polish King WÅadysÅaw IV Waza, known for his friendly attitude towards the Cossacks, was hesitant to execute Sulyma, especially since he was a person upon whom the Pope himself bestowed his medal. However, pressured by the nobility who wanted to show that no rebellions against the 'established order' would be tolerated, the order for an execution was given; after being tortured, Sulyma was cut to pieces and his body parts were hung on the city walls of Warsaw.[
In 1618, Sahaidachny joined the anti-Turkish Holy League.[6] While he was battling the Turks, the PolishâLithuanian Commonwealth requested his assistance for war with Muscovy (Russian Tsardom); they wanted him to provide WÅadysÅaw IV Vasa, the King of the PolishâLithuanian Commonwealth, with 20,000 Cossacks near Moscow. Sahaidachny did, and seized the forts in the cities of Putivl, Kursk, Livny, Yelets and many others. Near Serpukhov Sahaidachny forced the Muscovite army to flee. The Muscovite troops under command of the voivode G. Volkonsky forced the Cossacks to take a detour, but were unable to stop the advance of the Cossacks regiments to Moscow. In September 1618 he forced to flee the army of another Muscovite nobleman, Vasilii Buturlin. Later, the united army of Jan Karol Chodkiewicz and Sahaidachny sieged Moscow and on 11 October unsuccessfully attempted to take the Arbat Gates. In late October, the army of Sahaidachny moved in a raid towards the south from Moscow. During this raid the army captured the city of Serpukhov, and in early December it captured Kaluga. John III Sobieski wrote that this successful raid caused panic among the Russians and forced them to conclude negotiations as soon as possible. The whole campaign finally culminated in December 1618 by signing the Truce of Deulino, resulting in the greatest territorial expansion of the Commonwealth. The Cossacks' invasion of Muscovy has been described by Ukrainian historian Valery Smolyi as "not the best page of Sahaidachny's biography".[9] Sahaidachy and his cossacks had been positioning themselves as supporters of the Orthodox Christianity and potential allies of Muscovy.[10] However, they left the "bloody trace" which extended from Livny to Moscow and back to Kaluga and Kyiv.[11] In research of Russian, Ukrainian and American historians Cossacks have been blamed for destroying and robbing Orthodox churches, cities and villages, killing children and women, who belonged to Orthodox (Greek) Christianity.[12][13][14] Later, Sahaidachny asked Patriarch Teophanes III of Jerusalem to forgive him for such behavior.[10] Sahaidachny returned to Zaporizhia, and did not only become a kosh otaman, but was also the Hetman of Ukraine. (Another source claims that in 1621 he was a colonel of the Commonwealth Registered Cossacks regiment.)[10] In order to avoid conflict with the Poles, Sahaidachny agreed to limit the Cossack register to 3,000 men; the remainder were regarded as peasants ("kholopy"). He also banned unauthorized Cossack sea raids to Turkey and the king gave Sahaidachny the right to be called an elder of the Cossacks ("starshina").[15]
In 1621, the famous Battle of Khotyn had occurred, where close to 80,000 Cossacks and Polish troops fought against 160,000 Turkish army. The battle held at bay for a whole month, until the first snow compelled Osman II to withdraw his weakened forces.[18] Sahaidachny and his army played a significant role in the battle, forcing the Turks to sign an unfavorable peace treaty. During the battle, Sahaidachny was seriously wounded. After the battle, the Polish king sent Sahaidachny a sword in recognition of his services. Death A page with a fragment of the "Poems for mourning funeral of the noble knight Petro Konashevych Sahaidachny by Cassian Sakowicz («ÐÑ¢ÑÑÑ¢ на жалоÑнÑй погÑеб заÑного ÑÑÑеÑа ÐеÑÑа ÐонаÑевиÑа СагайдаÑногоâ¦.»); title says "For coat of arms of the HRG Strong Host of Zaporizhia" (Ðа ÐеÑÐ±Ñ Ð¡Ð¸Ð»Ð½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ ÐойÑка Ð.Ð.Ð. ÐапоÑозкого) On 20 April 1622 Sahaidachny died in Kyiv from wounds he suffered at the Battle of Khotyn. He was later buried in the Bratsky Monastery of Kyiv.[19] He left his assets to the brotherhood schools in Kyiv and Lviv for church causes.[6] His legacy was so great, that most of the population of Kyiv attended his funeral en masse.[15] Sahaidachny's work, About Union, was highly regarded by the Lithuanian Kanclerz Lew Sapieha.[20] In 1646, John III Sobieski, a monarch of the PolishâLithuanian Commonwealth, said the following about Sahaidachny: He was a man of great spirit who sought danger, did not care about his own life, was swift and energetic in battle, cautious, slept little and was sober... was careful at discussions, and non-talkative in conversations.[21] ââJohn III Sobieski, 1646 Polish historian Jan Widacki wrote that Konashevych-Sahaidachny was among Zaporozhian hetmans the one most loyal to Poland.[22] He was a supporter of the Polish-Ukrainian military cooperation against the enemies of the Commonwealth
Not only did Sahaidachny fight for control, he also fought for the religious and cultural rights of the Ukrainian people. In 1620, he registered himself and his entire Zaporozhian Host as students into the Kyiv Epiphany Brotherhood School, that preceded the current Kyiv Mohyla Academy. It was done in order to protect the school from conversion from an Orthodox school into a Roman Catholic Jesuit Collegium. He also contributed to the establishment of a cultural center in Kyiv and sought to unite the Cossack military with the Ukrainian clergy and nobility.[citation needed] In early 1620 Sahaidachny sent an envoy to the Russian tsar. At this time there was the Patriarch Teophanes III of Jerusalem and this envoy held talks with him about the possibility of his arrival in Ukraine. In 1620, Sahaidachny convinced Patriarch Teophanes III, who recently returned from Moscow, to reconstruct the Orthodox hierarchy, that was almost destroyed by the creation of the Greek-Catholic Church. As a result, the Metropolis of Kiev, Galicia and all Ruthenia was erected mainly on the territory of the Commonwealth. Patriarch Teophanes III of Jerusalem blamed Cossacks for the participation in the Muscovy campaign saying that damnation have been put on them for this, because Muscovites are Orthodox Christians and in a future they never would fight again against them.[16][17] The patriarch appointed Iov Boretsky as a Kyivan Metropolitan bishop and five other bishops at the same time.[6] Because the PolishâLithuanian Commonwealth had threatened to arrest Teophanes III as a spy, Sahaidachny was guaranteed his protection by the patriarch. After the new metropoliten and bishops were installed, Sahaidachny escorted the patriarch to the Ottoman border with a 3,000 men Cossack army.[15] The PolishâLithuanian Commonwealth accepted the appointment, because it wanted to keep close contacts with Sahaidachny after the Turks defeated the Polish army at the Battle of Å¢uÅ£ora (1620). Because of Sahaidachny's moderate policies towards Commonwealth, he provoked dissatisfaction among the Cossacks, and in 1620, they briefly elected Yatsko Borodavka as hetman. This editorial email containing advertisements was sent to {EMAIL} because you subscribed to this service. To keep our emails in your inbox, plеase add our email address to your address book. Polaris Advertising welcomes your feedback and questions. But note that the law prohibits us from giving individual consultations. Any reproduction, copying, or redistribution of our content, in whole or in part, is prohibited without written permission from Polaris Advertising. [Our Finance Legacy logo]( Petro Konashevych was born in PolishâLithuanian Commonwealth in the village of Kulchytsy (PrzemyÅl land) three miles away from Sambir in the Ruthenian Voivodeship into a Ukrainian Eastern Orthodox noble family. His father's name was Konon (Konash), Konashevych is a patronym.[6] He graduated from Ostroh Academy in Volhynia. His school mate was Meletiy Smotrytskyi, author of the Hramatyka book, by which many generations of Ukrainians, Russians, and Belarusians learned the Slavic language grammatics. From an early age he learnt the weapon and horsemanship skills. He joined to the cossacks of Zaporozhian Host and took a part in cossack military expeditions to Moldavia in 1600 and Livonia in 1601. His talent in a military strategy, courage and ability to show leadership under great adversity and hardship were acquired by cossacks leader (otaman) Samiylo Kishka. Later, Sahaidachny moved to Lviv, and after to Kyiv, where he became the assistant and tutor of the Kyivan judge I. Aksak family. [Unsubscribe]( ð +1 302 966-9552 ð¨ [support@](mailto:support@polarisadvertising.com)[polarisadvertising.com](mailto:support@polarisadvertising.com) 124 Broadkill Rd PMB Milton, DE 19968 © 2023 Pоlaris Ðdvertising. Ðll rights reserved.