Opinion Today: They knew this decongestant didn’t work

Two drug experts on why it took the F.D.A. so long to confirm their suspicions about phenylephrine. [View in browser](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRm_oe9P4QpAWh0dHBzOi8vbWVzc2FnaW5nLWN1c3RvbS1uZXdzbGV0dGVycy5ueXRpbWVzLmNvbS90ZW1wbGF0ZS9vYWt2Mj9jYW1wYWlnbl9pZD0zOSZlbWM9ZWRpdF90eV8yMDIzMTAwMyZpbnN0YW5jZV9pZD0xMDQyNzImbmw9b3Bpbmlvbi10b2RheSZwcm9kdWN0Q29kZT1UWSZyZWdpX2lkPTc3Njc0OTUyJnNlZ21lbnRfaWQ9MTQ2MzUwJnRlPTEmdXJpPW55dCUzQSUyRiUyRm5ld3NsZXR0ZXIlMkZhZDBhODJiZi03NTA3LTUxY2EtYTkxZS0zODUwMjE3MmE1YjcmdXNlcl9pZD1hYTQ5MWVmN2YxZDk2NGU0OTc5ZmI3ODRlNzRlMDFkN1cDbnl0QgplFL0CHGWddTsaUht0cmlzdHJhbWJhbGR3aW45MEBnbWFpbC5jb21YBAAAAAM~)|[nytimes.com](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRm_oe9P0SxaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vP2NhbXBhaWduX2lkPTM5JmVtYz1lZGl0X3R5XzIwMjMxMDAzJmluc3RhbmNlX2lkPTEwNDI3MiZubD1vcGluaW9uLXRvZGF5JnJlZ2lfaWQ9Nzc2NzQ5NTImc2VnbWVudF9pZD0xNDYzNTAmdGU9MSZ1c2VyX2lkPWFhNDkxZWY3ZjFkOTY0ZTQ5NzlmYjc4NGU3NGUwMWQ3VwNueXRCCmUUvQIcZZ11OxpSG3RyaXN0cmFtYmFsZHdpbjkwQGdtYWlsLmNvbVgEAAAAAw~~)[Continue reading the main story](#a11y-skip-ad-marquee) [Marquee Ad](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRm_oe9P0SYaHR0cHM6Ly9saXZlaW50ZW50Lm5ld3lvcmt0aW1lc2luZm8uY29tL2NsaWNrP3M9MTYyMTM5JmxpPVRZJm09YWE0OTFlZjdmMWQ5NjRlNDk3OWZiNzg0ZTc0ZTAxZDcmcD1UWV8yMDIzMTAwMyZ0ZT0xJm5sPW9waW5pb24tdG9kYXkmZW1jPWVkaXRfdHlfMjAyMzEwMDNXA255dEIKZRS9AhxlnXU7GlIbdHJpc3RyYW1iYWxkd2luOTBAZ21haWwuY29tWAQAAAAD) [Read more from Opinion](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRm_oe9P0TAaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vc2VjdGlvbi9vcGluaW9uP2NhbXBhaWduX2lkPTM5JmVtYz1lZGl0X3R5XzIwMjMxMDAzJmluc3RhbmNlX2lkPTEwNDI3MiZubD1vcGluaW9uLXRvZGF5JnJlZ2lfaWQ9Nzc2NzQ5NTImc2VnbWVudF9pZD0xNDYzNTAmdGU9MSZ1c2VyX2lkPWFhNDkxZWY3ZjFkOTY0ZTQ5NzlmYjc4NGU3NGUwMWQ3VwNueXRCCmUUvQIcZZ11OxpSG3RyaXN0cmFtYmFsZHdpbjkwQGdtYWlsLmNvbVgEAAAAAw~~) October 3, 2023 [Author Headshot] By Alexandra Sifferlin Senior Staff Editor, Opinion Nearly 20 years ago, two pharmaceutical experts at the University of Florida, Randy Hatton and Leslie Hendeles, began a collaboration to look into a popular oral decongestant sold over the counter that they, and many other drug experts, suspected didn’t work. Hatton, who manned a call center that pharmacists and other health workers across the state used for drug-related questions, regularly received calls about the decongestant, called phenylephrine. “Patients are telling me it’s not working,” the callers would say. Despite multiple studies, a Freedom of Information Act request and more than one petition to the Food and Drug Administration to take action, an advisory committee for the F.D.A. only recently [confirmed](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRm_oe9P0TmaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMy8wOS8xMi9oZWFsdGgvY29sZC1tZWRpY2luZS1kZWNvbmdlc3RhbnQtZmRhLmh0bWw_Y2FtcGFpZ25faWQ9MzkmZW1jPWVkaXRfdHlfMjAyMzEwMDMmaW5zdGFuY2VfaWQ9MTA0MjcyJm5sPW9waW5pb24tdG9kYXkmcmVnaV9pZD03NzY3NDk1MiZzZWdtZW50X2lkPTE0NjM1MCZ0ZT0xJnVzZXJfaWQ9YWE0OTFlZjdmMWQ5NjRlNDk3OWZiNzg0ZTc0ZTAxZDdXA255dEIKZRS9AhxlnXU7GlIbdHJpc3RyYW1iYWxkd2luOTBAZ21haWwuY29tWAQAAAAD) their suspicions. Now the F.D.A. must decide whether to pull the ingredient from store shelves or demand changes to drug formulations. But Hatton and Hendeles argue that this situation is only the tip of the iceberg when it comes to certain drugs that don’t work very well. “Just ask your local pharmacist about over-the-counter drugs he or she suspects don’t work,” the duo [write in a guest essay](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRm_oe9P0TaaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMy8wOS8yOS9vcGluaW9uL2NvbGQtbWVkaWNpbmUtZmRhLmh0bWw_Y2FtcGFpZ25faWQ9MzkmZW1jPWVkaXRfdHlfMjAyMzEwMDMmaW5zdGFuY2VfaWQ9MTA0MjcyJm5sPW9waW5pb24tdG9kYXkmcmVnaV9pZD03NzY3NDk1MiZzZWdtZW50X2lkPTE0NjM1MCZ0ZT0xJnVzZXJfaWQ9YWE0OTFlZjdmMWQ5NjRlNDk3OWZiNzg0ZTc0ZTAxZDdXA255dEIKZRS9AhxlnXU7GlIbdHJpc3RyYW1iYWxkd2luOTBAZ21haWwuY29tWAQAAAAD). “It’s an open secret among many of us who study pharmaceuticals that several ingredients, including ones found in common treatments like Robitussin, Mucinex and certain cough syrups, probably don’t work as advertised.” They argue that while the U.S. government has rules in place to review older drugs that potentially don’t work, the process takes too long. The implications are varied and unfortunate, they say. “Right now, Americans spend billions on drugs that contain ingredients that will not help them. That’s not just a waste of money — it could mean they are delaying appropriate treatment, which can lead to more severe illnesses.” [Read the essay here](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRm_oe9P0TaaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMy8wOS8yOS9vcGluaW9uL2NvbGQtbWVkaWNpbmUtZmRhLmh0bWw_Y2FtcGFpZ25faWQ9MzkmZW1jPWVkaXRfdHlfMjAyMzEwMDMmaW5zdGFuY2VfaWQ9MTA0MjcyJm5sPW9waW5pb24tdG9kYXkmcmVnaV9pZD03NzY3NDk1MiZzZWdtZW50X2lkPTE0NjM1MCZ0ZT0xJnVzZXJfaWQ9YWE0OTFlZjdmMWQ5NjRlNDk3OWZiNzg0ZTc0ZTAxZDdXA255dEIKZRS9AhxlnXU7GlIbdHJpc3RyYW1iYWxkd2luOTBAZ21haWwuY29tWAQAAAAD). [[Article Image] Jackson Gibbs](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRm_oe9P0TaaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMy8wOS8yOS9vcGluaW9uL2NvbGQtbWVkaWNpbmUtZmRhLmh0bWw_Y2FtcGFpZ25faWQ9MzkmZW1jPWVkaXRfdHlfMjAyMzEwMDMmaW5zdGFuY2VfaWQ9MTA0MjcyJm5sPW9waW5pb24tdG9kYXkmcmVnaV9pZD03NzY3NDk1MiZzZWdtZW50X2lkPTE0NjM1MCZ0ZT0xJnVzZXJfaWQ9YWE0OTFlZjdmMWQ5NjRlNDk3OWZiNzg0ZTc0ZTAxZDdXA255dEIKZRS9AhxlnXU7GlIbdHJpc3RyYW1iYWxkd2luOTBAZ21haWwuY29tWAQAAAAD) [GUEST ESSAY We’ve Known for 20 Years This Cold Medicine Doesn’t Work And that is just the tip of the iceberg. By Randy C. Hatton and Leslie Hendeles](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRm_oe9P0TaaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMy8wOS8yOS9vcGluaW9uL2NvbGQtbWVkaWNpbmUtZmRhLmh0bWw_Y2FtcGFpZ25faWQ9MzkmZW1jPWVkaXRfdHlfMjAyMzEwMDMmaW5zdGFuY2VfaWQ9MTA0MjcyJm5sPW9waW5pb24tdG9kYXkmcmVnaV9pZD03NzY3NDk1MiZzZWdtZW50X2lkPTE0NjM1MCZ0ZT0xJnVzZXJfaWQ9YWE0OTFlZjdmMWQ5NjRlNDk3OWZiNzg0ZTc0ZTAxZDdXA255dEIKZRS9AhxlnXU7GlIbdHJpc3RyYW1iYWxkd2luOTBAZ21haWwuY29tWAQAAAAD) [Continue reading the main story](#a11y-skip-universal-0) ADVERTISEMENT [Ad](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRm_oe9P0SXaHR0cHM6Ly9saXZlaW50ZW50Lm5ld3lvcmt0aW1lc2luZm8uY29tL2NsaWNrP3M9NTk3ODUmbGk9VFkmbT1hYTQ5MWVmN2YxZDk2NGU0OTc5ZmI3ODRlNzRlMDFkNyZwPVRZXzIwMjMxMDAzJnRlPTEmbmw9b3Bpbmlvbi10b2RheSZlbWM9ZWRpdF90eV8yMDIzMTAwM1cDbnl0QgplFL0CHGWddTsaUht0cmlzdHJhbWJhbGR3aW45MEBnbWFpbC5jb21YBAAAAAM~) Here’s what we’re focusing on today: Editors’ Picks [GUEST ESSAY In America, Not Having a College Degree Can Take Years Off Your Life There are two Americas, and they are divided by a college degree. By Anne Case and Angus Deaton](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRm_oe9P0TnaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMy8xMC8wMy9vcGluaW9uL2xpZmUtZXhwZWN0YW5jeS1jb2xsZWdlLWRlZ3JlZS5odG1sP2NhbXBhaWduX2lkPTM5JmVtYz1lZGl0X3R5XzIwMjMxMDAzJmluc3RhbmNlX2lkPTEwNDI3MiZubD1vcGluaW9uLXRvZGF5JnJlZ2lfaWQ9Nzc2NzQ5NTImc2VnbWVudF9pZD0xNDYzNTAmdGU9MSZ1c2VyX2lkPWFhNDkxZWY3ZjFkOTY0ZTQ5NzlmYjc4NGU3NGUwMWQ3VwNueXRCCmUUvQIcZZ11OxpSG3RyaXN0cmFtYmFsZHdpbjkwQGdtYWlsLmNvbVgEAAAAAw~~) [Article Image](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRm_oe9P0TnaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMy8xMC8wMy9vcGluaW9uL2xpZmUtZXhwZWN0YW5jeS1jb2xsZWdlLWRlZ3JlZS5odG1sP2NhbXBhaWduX2lkPTM5JmVtYz1lZGl0X3R5XzIwMjMxMDAzJmluc3RhbmNlX2lkPTEwNDI3MiZubD1vcGluaW9uLXRvZGF5JnJlZ2lfaWQ9Nzc2NzQ5NTImc2VnbWVudF9pZD0xNDYzNTAmdGU9MSZ1c2VyX2lkPWFhNDkxZWY3ZjFkOTY0ZTQ5NzlmYjc4NGU3NGUwMWQ3VwNueXRCCmUUvQIcZZ11OxpSG3RyaXN0cmFtYmFsZHdpbjkwQGdtYWlsLmNvbVgEAAAAAw~~) More From Opinion [PAUL KRUGMAN Why MAGA Wants to Betray Ukraine Whatever they may say, it’s not about the money. By Paul Krugman](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRm_oe9P0TsaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMy8xMC8wMi9vcGluaW9uL2NvbHVtbmlzdHMvbWFnYS1yZXB1YmxpY2Fucy11a3JhaW5lLmh0bWw_Y2FtcGFpZ25faWQ9MzkmZW1jPWVkaXRfdHlfMjAyMzEwMDMmaW5zdGFuY2VfaWQ9MTA0MjcyJm5sPW9waW5pb24tdG9kYXkmcmVnaV9pZD03NzY3NDk1MiZzZWdtZW50X2lkPTE0NjM1MCZ0ZT0xJnVzZXJfaWQ9YWE0OTFlZjdmMWQ5NjRlNDk3OWZiNzg0ZTc0ZTAxZDdXA255dEIKZRS9AhxlnXU7GlIbdHJpc3RyYW1iYWxkd2luOTBAZ21haWwuY29tWAQAAAAD) [Article Image](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRm_oe9P0TsaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMy8xMC8wMi9vcGluaW9uL2NvbHVtbmlzdHMvbWFnYS1yZXB1YmxpY2Fucy11a3JhaW5lLmh0bWw_Y2FtcGFpZ25faWQ9MzkmZW1jPWVkaXRfdHlfMjAyMzEwMDMmaW5zdGFuY2VfaWQ9MTA0MjcyJm5sPW9waW5pb24tdG9kYXkmcmVnaV9pZD03NzY3NDk1MiZzZWdtZW50X2lkPTE0NjM1MCZ0ZT0xJnVzZXJfaWQ9YWE0OTFlZjdmMWQ5NjRlNDk3OWZiNzg0ZTc0ZTAxZDdXA255dEIKZRS9AhxlnXU7GlIbdHJpc3RyYW1iYWxkd2luOTBAZ21haWwuY29tWAQAAAAD) [JAMELLE BOUIE Biden Has to Look Beyond Trump and His MAGA Millions Americans should start to think — out loud — about the kinds of structural reforms we might pursue to make our democracy more resilient. By Jamelle Bouie](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRm_oe9P0T9aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMy8xMC8wMy9vcGluaW9uL2JpZGVuLWhhcy10by1sb29rLWJleW9uZC10cnVtcC1hbmQtaGlzLW1hZ2EtbWlsbGlvbnMuaHRtbD9jYW1wYWlnbl9pZD0zOSZlbWM9ZWRpdF90eV8yMDIzMTAwMyZpbnN0YW5jZV9pZD0xMDQyNzImbmw9b3Bpbmlvbi10b2RheSZyZWdpX2lkPTc3Njc0OTUyJnNlZ21lbnRfaWQ9MTQ2MzUwJnRlPTEmdXNlcl9pZD1hYTQ5MWVmN2YxZDk2NGU0OTc5ZmI3ODRlNzRlMDFkN1cDbnl0QgplFL0CHGWddTsaUht0cmlzdHJhbWJhbGR3aW45MEBnbWFpbC5jb21YBAAAAAM~) [Article Image](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRm_oe9P0T9aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMy8xMC8wMy9vcGluaW9uL2JpZGVuLWhhcy10by1sb29rLWJleW9uZC10cnVtcC1hbmQtaGlzLW1hZ2EtbWlsbGlvbnMuaHRtbD9jYW1wYWlnbl9pZD0zOSZlbWM9ZWRpdF90eV8yMDIzMTAwMyZpbnN0YW5jZV9pZD0xMDQyNzImbmw9b3Bpbmlvbi10b2RheSZyZWdpX2lkPTc3Njc0OTUyJnNlZ21lbnRfaWQ9MTQ2MzUwJnRlPTEmdXNlcl9pZD1hYTQ5MWVmN2YxZDk2NGU0OTc5ZmI3ODRlNzRlMDFkN1cDbnl0QgplFL0CHGWddTsaUht0cmlzdHJhbWJhbGR3aW45MEBnbWFpbC5jb21YBAAAAAM~) [GUEST ESSAY Why Science Is Losing Americans’ Trust We may be entering a new political order polarized around institutional trust. By M. Anthony Mills](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRm_oe9P0TmaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMy8xMC8wMy9vcGluaW9uL3NjaWVuY2UtYW1lcmljYW5zLXRydXN0LWNvdmlkLmh0bWw_Y2FtcGFpZ25faWQ9MzkmZW1jPWVkaXRfdHlfMjAyMzEwMDMmaW5zdGFuY2VfaWQ9MTA0MjcyJm5sPW9waW5pb24tdG9kYXkmcmVnaV9pZD03NzY3NDk1MiZzZWdtZW50X2lkPTE0NjM1MCZ0ZT0xJnVzZXJfaWQ9YWE0OTFlZjdmMWQ5NjRlNDk3OWZiNzg0ZTc0ZTAxZDdXA255dEIKZRS9AhxlnXU7GlIbdHJpc3RyYW1iYWxkd2luOTBAZ21haWwuY29tWAQAAAAD) [Article Image](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRm_oe9P0TmaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMy8xMC8wMy9vcGluaW9uL3NjaWVuY2UtYW1lcmljYW5zLXRydXN0LWNvdmlkLmh0bWw_Y2FtcGFpZ25faWQ9MzkmZW1jPWVkaXRfdHlfMjAyMzEwMDMmaW5zdGFuY2VfaWQ9MTA0MjcyJm5sPW9waW5pb24tdG9kYXkmcmVnaV9pZD03NzY3NDk1MiZzZWdtZW50X2lkPTE0NjM1MCZ0ZT0xJnVzZXJfaWQ9YWE0OTFlZjdmMWQ5NjRlNDk3OWZiNzg0ZTc0ZTAxZDdXA255dEIKZRS9AhxlnXU7GlIbdHJpc3RyYW1iYWxkd2luOTBAZ21haWwuY29tWAQAAAAD) [‘We Can’t Be Together Forever.’ But We Can Try. At the dawn of their teenage years, the bond between the twins Raphaël and Rémi begins to weaken. But during the summer, time seems to stand still. By Justine Martin](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRm_oe9P0TkaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMy8xMC8wMy9vcGluaW9uL3RlZW5hZ2UtdHdpbnMtY29taW5nLW9mLWFnZS5odG1sP2NhbXBhaWduX2lkPTM5JmVtYz1lZGl0X3R5XzIwMjMxMDAzJmluc3RhbmNlX2lkPTEwNDI3MiZubD1vcGluaW9uLXRvZGF5JnJlZ2lfaWQ9Nzc2NzQ5NTImc2VnbWVudF9pZD0xNDYzNTAmdGU9MSZ1c2VyX2lkPWFhNDkxZWY3ZjFkOTY0ZTQ5NzlmYjc4NGU3NGUwMWQ3VwNueXRCCmUUvQIcZZ11OxpSG3RyaXN0cmFtYmFsZHdpbjkwQGdtYWlsLmNvbVgEAAAAAw~~) [Article Image](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRm_oe9P0TkaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMy8xMC8wMy9vcGluaW9uL3RlZW5hZ2UtdHdpbnMtY29taW5nLW9mLWFnZS5odG1sP2NhbXBhaWduX2lkPTM5JmVtYz1lZGl0X3R5XzIwMjMxMDAzJmluc3RhbmNlX2lkPTEwNDI3MiZubD1vcGluaW9uLXRvZGF5JnJlZ2lfaWQ9Nzc2NzQ5NTImc2VnbWVudF9pZD0xNDYzNTAmdGU9MSZ1c2VyX2lkPWFhNDkxZWY3ZjFkOTY0ZTQ5NzlmYjc4NGU3NGUwMWQ3VwNueXRCCmUUvQIcZZ11OxpSG3RyaXN0cmFtYmFsZHdpbjkwQGdtYWlsLmNvbVgEAAAAAw~~) [MARA GAY A Mayor Goes AWOL in the Storm With residents unprepared for New York City’s recent flooding, it was a day of unnecessary chaos and frustration. By Mara Gay](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRm_oe9P0TjaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMy8xMC8wMy9vcGluaW9uL21heW9yLWFkYW1zLW5ldy15b3JrLWZsb29kLmh0bWw_Y2FtcGFpZ25faWQ9MzkmZW1jPWVkaXRfdHlfMjAyMzEwMDMmaW5zdGFuY2VfaWQ9MTA0MjcyJm5sPW9waW5pb24tdG9kYXkmcmVnaV9pZD03NzY3NDk1MiZzZWdtZW50X2lkPTE0NjM1MCZ0ZT0xJnVzZXJfaWQ9YWE0OTFlZjdmMWQ5NjRlNDk3OWZiNzg0ZTc0ZTAxZDdXA255dEIKZRS9AhxlnXU7GlIbdHJpc3RyYW1iYWxkd2luOTBAZ21haWwuY29tWAQAAAAD) [Article Image](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRm_oe9P0TjaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMy8xMC8wMy9vcGluaW9uL21heW9yLWFkYW1zLW5ldy15b3JrLWZsb29kLmh0bWw_Y2FtcGFpZ25faWQ9MzkmZW1jPWVkaXRfdHlfMjAyMzEwMDMmaW5zdGFuY2VfaWQ9MTA0MjcyJm5sPW9waW5pb24tdG9kYXkmcmVnaV9pZD03NzY3NDk1MiZzZWdtZW50X2lkPTE0NjM1MCZ0ZT0xJnVzZXJfaWQ9YWE0OTFlZjdmMWQ5NjRlNDk3OWZiNzg0ZTc0ZTAxZDdXA255dEIKZRS9AhxlnXU7GlIbdHJpc3RyYW1iYWxkd2luOTBAZ21haWwuY29tWAQAAAAD) [PETER COY Giving Workers a Raise Is Not Going to Make Inflation Worse Financial analysts dread the specter of a wage-price spiral, but in reality the phenomenon is rare. By Peter Coy](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRm_oe9P0TjaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMy8xMC8wMi9vcGluaW9uL3Vhdy1zdHJpa2UtaW5mbGF0aW9uLXdhZ2VzLmh0bWw_Y2FtcGFpZ25faWQ9MzkmZW1jPWVkaXRfdHlfMjAyMzEwMDMmaW5zdGFuY2VfaWQ9MTA0MjcyJm5sPW9waW5pb24tdG9kYXkmcmVnaV9pZD03NzY3NDk1MiZzZWdtZW50X2lkPTE0NjM1MCZ0ZT0xJnVzZXJfaWQ9YWE0OTFlZjdmMWQ5NjRlNDk3OWZiNzg0ZTc0ZTAxZDdXA255dEIKZRS9AhxlnXU7GlIbdHJpc3RyYW1iYWxkd2luOTBAZ21haWwuY29tWAQAAAAD) [Article Image](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRm_oe9P0TjaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMy8xMC8wMi9vcGluaW9uL3Vhdy1zdHJpa2UtaW5mbGF0aW9uLXdhZ2VzLmh0bWw_Y2FtcGFpZ25faWQ9MzkmZW1jPWVkaXRfdHlfMjAyMzEwMDMmaW5zdGFuY2VfaWQ9MTA0MjcyJm5sPW9waW5pb24tdG9kYXkmcmVnaV9pZD03NzY3NDk1MiZzZWdtZW50X2lkPTE0NjM1MCZ0ZT0xJnVzZXJfaWQ9YWE0OTFlZjdmMWQ5NjRlNDk3OWZiNzg0ZTc0ZTAxZDdXA255dEIKZRS9AhxlnXU7GlIbdHJpc3RyYW1iYWxkd2luOTBAZ21haWwuY29tWAQAAAAD) [Continue reading the main story](#a11y-skip-universal-1) ADVERTISEMENT [Ad](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRm_oe9P0SYaHR0cHM6Ly9saXZlaW50ZW50Lm5ld3lvcmt0aW1lc2luZm8uY29tL2NsaWNrP3M9MjAxODEyJmxpPVRZJm09YWE0OTFlZjdmMWQ5NjRlNDk3OWZiNzg0ZTc0ZTAxZDcmcD1UWV8yMDIzMTAwMyZ0ZT0xJm5sPW9waW5pb24tdG9kYXkmZW1jPWVkaXRfdHlfMjAyMzEwMDNXA255dEIKZRS9AhxlnXU7GlIbdHJpc3RyYW1iYWxkd2luOTBAZ21haWwuY29tWAQAAAAD) [Your Guide to the New Right From U.S. senators to the ‘lost boys,’ the New Right is far from a monolith. Stephanie Slade breaks down how each faction departs from conventional conservatism. By ‘The Ezra Klein Show’](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRm_oe9P0TraHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMy8xMC8wMy9vcGluaW9uL2V6cmEta2xlaW4tcG9kY2FzdC1zdGVwaGFuaWUtc2xhZGUuaHRtbD9jYW1wYWlnbl9pZD0zOSZlbWM9ZWRpdF90eV8yMDIzMTAwMyZpbnN0YW5jZV9pZD0xMDQyNzImbmw9b3Bpbmlvbi10b2RheSZyZWdpX2lkPTc3Njc0OTUyJnNlZ21lbnRfaWQ9MTQ2MzUwJnRlPTEmdXNlcl9pZD1hYTQ5MWVmN2YxZDk2NGU0OTc5ZmI3ODRlNzRlMDFkN1cDbnl0QgplFL0CHGWddTsaUht0cmlzdHJhbWJhbGR3aW45MEBnbWFpbC5jb21YBAAAAAM~) [Article Image](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRm_oe9P0TraHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMy8xMC8wMy9vcGluaW9uL2V6cmEta2xlaW4tcG9kY2FzdC1zdGVwaGFuaWUtc2xhZGUuaHRtbD9jYW1wYWlnbl9pZD0zOSZlbWM9ZWRpdF90eV8yMDIzMTAwMyZpbnN0YW5jZV9pZD0xMDQyNzImbmw9b3Bpbmlvbi10b2RheSZyZWdpX2lkPTc3Njc0OTUyJnNlZ21lbnRfaWQ9MTQ2MzUwJnRlPTEmdXNlcl9pZD1hYTQ5MWVmN2YxZDk2NGU0OTc5ZmI3ODRlNzRlMDFkN1cDbnl0QgplFL0CHGWddTsaUht0cmlzdHJhbWJhbGR3aW45MEBnbWFpbC5jb21YBAAAAAM~) [LETTERS A Shutdown Averted, at Least for Now Readers criticize congressional chaos and discuss Speaker Kevin McCarthy’s role. Also: James Dolan, in Las Vegas and New York.](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRm_oe9P0TiaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMy8xMC8wMi9vcGluaW9uL2xldHRlcnMvc2h1dGRvd24tY29uZ3Jlc3MuaHRtbD9jYW1wYWlnbl9pZD0zOSZlbWM9ZWRpdF90eV8yMDIzMTAwMyZpbnN0YW5jZV9pZD0xMDQyNzImbmw9b3Bpbmlvbi10b2RheSZyZWdpX2lkPTc3Njc0OTUyJnNlZ21lbnRfaWQ9MTQ2MzUwJnRlPTEmdXNlcl9pZD1hYTQ5MWVmN2YxZDk2NGU0OTc5ZmI3ODRlNzRlMDFkN1cDbnl0QgplFL0CHGWddTsaUht0cmlzdHJhbWJhbGR3aW45MEBnbWFpbC5jb21YBAAAAAM~) [Article Image](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRm_oe9P0TiaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMy8xMC8wMi9vcGluaW9uL2xldHRlcnMvc2h1dGRvd24tY29uZ3Jlc3MuaHRtbD9jYW1wYWlnbl9pZD0zOSZlbWM9ZWRpdF90eV8yMDIzMTAwMyZpbnN0YW5jZV9pZD0xMDQyNzImbmw9b3Bpbmlvbi10b2RheSZyZWdpX2lkPTc3Njc0OTUyJnNlZ21lbnRfaWQ9MTQ2MzUwJnRlPTEmdXNlcl9pZD1hYTQ5MWVmN2YxZDk2NGU0OTc5ZmI3ODRlNzRlMDFkN1cDbnl0QgplFL0CHGWddTsaUht0cmlzdHJhbWJhbGR3aW45MEBnbWFpbC5jb21YBAAAAAM~) Subscribe Today New York Times Opinion curates a wide range of views, inviting rich discussion and debate that help readers analyze the world. This work is made possible with the support of subscribers. [Please consider subscribing to The Times with this special offer](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRm_oe9P0TNaHR0cDovL3d3dy5ueXRpbWVzLmNvbS9zdWJzY3JpcHRpb24_Y2FtcGFpZ25JZD05S1hGVSZjYW1wYWlnbl9pZD0zOSZlbWM9ZWRpdF90eV8yMDIzMTAwMyZpbnN0YW5jZV9pZD0xMDQyNzImbmw9b3Bpbmlvbi10b2RheSZyZWdpX2lkPTc3Njc0OTUyJnNlZ21lbnRfaWQ9MTQ2MzUwJnRlPTEmdXNlcl9pZD1hYTQ5MWVmN2YxZDk2NGU0OTc5ZmI3ODRlNzRlMDFkN1cDbnl0QgplFL0CHGWddTsaUht0cmlzdHJhbWJhbGR3aW45MEBnbWFpbC5jb21YBAAAAAM~). Games Here are [today’s Mini Crossword](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRm_oe9P0TFaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vY3Jvc3N3b3Jkcy9nYW1lL21pbmk_Y2FtcGFpZ25faWQ9MzkmZW1jPWVkaXRfdHlfMjAyMzEwMDMmaW5zdGFuY2VfaWQ9MTA0MjcyJm5sPW9waW5pb24tdG9kYXkmcmVnaV9pZD03NzY3NDk1MiZzZWdtZW50X2lkPTE0NjM1MCZ0ZT0xJnVzZXJfaWQ9YWE0OTFlZjdmMWQ5NjRlNDk3OWZiNzg0ZTc0ZTAxZDdXA255dEIKZRS9AhxlnXU7GlIbdHJpc3RyYW1iYWxkd2luOTBAZ21haWwuY29tWAQAAAAD), [Wordle](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRm_oe9P0TIaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vZ2FtZXMvd29yZGxlL2luZGV4Lmh0bWw_Y2FtcGFpZ25faWQ9MzkmZW1jPWVkaXRfdHlfMjAyMzEwMDMmaW5zdGFuY2VfaWQ9MTA0MjcyJm5sPW9waW5pb24tdG9kYXkmcmVnaV9pZD03NzY3NDk1MiZzZWdtZW50X2lkPTE0NjM1MCZ0ZT0xJnVzZXJfaWQ9YWE0OTFlZjdmMWQ5NjRlNDk3OWZiNzg0ZTc0ZTAxZDdXA255dEIKZRS9AhxlnXU7GlIbdHJpc3RyYW1iYWxkd2luOTBAZ21haWwuY29tWAQAAAAD) and [Spelling Bee](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRm_oe9P0TFaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vcHV6emxlcy9zcGVsbGluZy1iZWU_Y2FtcGFpZ25faWQ9MzkmZW1jPWVkaXRfdHlfMjAyMzEwMDMmaW5zdGFuY2VfaWQ9MTA0MjcyJm5sPW9waW5pb24tdG9kYXkmcmVnaV9pZD03NzY3NDk1MiZzZWdtZW50X2lkPTE0NjM1MCZ0ZT0xJnVzZXJfaWQ9YWE0OTFlZjdmMWQ5NjRlNDk3OWZiNzg0ZTc0ZTAxZDdXA255dEIKZRS9AhxlnXU7GlIbdHJpc3RyYW1iYWxkd2luOTBAZ21haWwuY29tWAQAAAAD). If you’re in the mood to play more, find [all our games here](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRm_oe9P0S2aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vZ2FtZXM_Y2FtcGFpZ25faWQ9MzkmZW1jPWVkaXRfdHlfMjAyMzEwMDMmaW5zdGFuY2VfaWQ9MTA0MjcyJm5sPW9waW5pb24tdG9kYXkmcmVnaV9pZD03NzY3NDk1MiZzZWdtZW50X2lkPTE0NjM1MCZ0ZT0xJnVzZXJfaWQ9YWE0OTFlZjdmMWQ5NjRlNDk3OWZiNzg0ZTc0ZTAxZDdXA255dEIKZRS9AhxlnXU7GlIbdHJpc3RyYW1iYWxkd2luOTBAZ21haWwuY29tWAQAAAAD). [Continue reading the main story](#a11y-skip-universal-2) ADVERTISEMENT [Ad](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRm_oe9P0SYaHR0cHM6Ly9saXZlaW50ZW50Lm5ld3lvcmt0aW1lc2luZm8uY29tL2NsaWNrP3M9NzI2NTM3JmxpPVRZJm09YWE0OTFlZjdmMWQ5NjRlNDk3OWZiNzg0ZTc0ZTAxZDcmcD1UWV8yMDIzMTAwMyZ0ZT0xJm5sPW9waW5pb24tdG9kYXkmZW1jPWVkaXRfdHlfMjAyMzEwMDNXA255dEIKZRS9AhxlnXU7GlIbdHJpc3RyYW1iYWxkd2luOTBAZ21haWwuY29tWAQAAAAD) Forward this newsletter to friends to share ideas and perspectives that will help inform their lives. They can [sign up here](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRm_oe9P0TMaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vbmV3c2xldHRlcnMvb3Bpbmlvbi10b2RheW5sP2NhbXBhaWduX2lkPTM5JmVtYz1lZGl0X3R5XzIwMjMxMDAzJmluc3RhbmNlX2lkPTEwNDI3MiZubD1vcGluaW9uLXRvZGF5JnJlZ2lfaWQ9Nzc2NzQ5NTImc2VnbWVudF9pZD0xNDYzNTAmdGU9MSZ1c2VyX2lkPWFhNDkxZWY3ZjFkOTY0ZTQ5NzlmYjc4NGU3NGUwMWQ3VwNueXRCCmUUvQIcZZ11OxpSG3RyaXN0cmFtYmFsZHdpbjkwQGdtYWlsLmNvbVgEAAAAAw~~). Do you have feedback? Email us at [opiniontoday@nytimes.com](mailto:opiniontoday@nytimes.com?subject=Opinion%20Today%20Newsletter%20Feedback). If you have questions about your Times account, delivery problems or other issues, visit our [Help Page](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRm_oe9P0TcaHR0cHM6Ly9oZWxwLm55dGltZXMuY29tL2hjL2VuLXVzL2FydGljbGVzLzM2MDAwMTQ4ODI2Ni1OZXdzbGV0dGVycz9jYW1wYWlnbl9pZD0zOSZlbWM9ZWRpdF90eV8yMDIzMTAwMyZpbnN0YW5jZV9pZD0xMDQyNzImbmw9b3Bpbmlvbi10b2RheSZyZWdpX2lkPTc3Njc0OTUyJnNlZ21lbnRfaWQ9MTQ2MzUwJnRlPTEmdXNlcl9pZD1hYTQ5MWVmN2YxZDk2NGU0OTc5ZmI3ODRlNzRlMDFkN1cDbnl0QgplFL0CHGWddTsaUht0cmlzdHJhbWJhbGR3aW45MEBnbWFpbC5jb21YBAAAAAM~) or [contact The Times](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRm_oe9P0TbaHR0cHM6Ly9oZWxwLm55dGltZXMuY29tL2hjL2VuLXVzL2FydGljbGVzLzExNTAxNTM4NTg4Ny1Db250YWN0LVVzP2NhbXBhaWduX2lkPTM5JmVtYz1lZGl0X3R5XzIwMjMxMDAzJmluc3RhbmNlX2lkPTEwNDI3MiZubD1vcGluaW9uLXRvZGF5JnJlZ2lfaWQ9Nzc2NzQ5NTImc2VnbWVudF9pZD0xNDYzNTAmdGU9MSZ1c2VyX2lkPWFhNDkxZWY3ZjFkOTY0ZTQ5NzlmYjc4NGU3NGUwMWQ3VwNueXRCCmUUvQIcZZ11OxpSG3RyaXN0cmFtYmFsZHdpbjkwQGdtYWlsLmNvbVgEAAAAAw~~). [Continue reading the main story](#a11y-skip-tracking_unit-3) Need help? Review our [newsletter help page](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRm_oe9P0TcaHR0cHM6Ly9oZWxwLm55dGltZXMuY29tL2hjL2VuLXVzL2FydGljbGVzLzM2MDAwMTQ4ODI2Ni1OZXdzbGV0dGVycz9jYW1wYWlnbl9pZD0zOSZlbWM9ZWRpdF90eV8yMDIzMTAwMyZpbnN0YW5jZV9pZD0xMDQyNzImbmw9b3Bpbmlvbi10b2RheSZyZWdpX2lkPTc3Njc0OTUyJnNlZ21lbnRfaWQ9MTQ2MzUwJnRlPTEmdXNlcl9pZD1hYTQ5MWVmN2YxZDk2NGU0OTc5ZmI3ODRlNzRlMDFkN1cDbnl0QgplFL0CHGWddTsaUht0cmlzdHJhbWJhbGR3aW45MEBnbWFpbC5jb21YBAAAAAM~) or [contact us](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRm_oe9P0TbaHR0cHM6Ly9oZWxwLm55dGltZXMuY29tL2hjL2VuLXVzL2FydGljbGVzLzExNTAxNTM4NTg4Ny1Db250YWN0LXVzP2NhbXBhaWduX2lkPTM5JmVtYz1lZGl0X3R5XzIwMjMxMDAzJmluc3RhbmNlX2lkPTEwNDI3MiZubD1vcGluaW9uLXRvZGF5JnJlZ2lfaWQ9Nzc2NzQ5NTImc2VnbWVudF9pZD0xNDYzNTAmdGU9MSZ1c2VyX2lkPWFhNDkxZWY3ZjFkOTY0ZTQ5NzlmYjc4NGU3NGUwMWQ3VwNueXRCCmUUvQIcZZ11OxpSG3RyaXN0cmFtYmFsZHdpbjkwQGdtYWlsLmNvbVgEAAAAAw~~) for assistance. You received this email because you signed up for the Opinion Today newsletter from The New York Times. To stop receiving Opinion Today, [unsubscribe](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRm_oe9P0TWaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vbmV3c2xldHRlcnMvb3B0b3V0P2VtYz1lZGl0X3R5XzIwMjMxMDAzJm5sPW9waW5pb24tdG9kYXkmcHJvZHVjdD1UWSZzZW5kX2lkPTE0NjM1MCZ0ZT0xJnRva2VuPWM4MWI5ODQwMWI0OTVlZjhhYzY1Y2E2ZGIzOGQwZjA2YzgwMWQzZmJjODU5Yjc1ZDBjYzRhYWVhYjVjYTdiODE0YmU3MDkxY2E1ZDJlZjhlZDJmMTMxZjI2OGJjMjE5MFcDbnl0QgplFL0CHGWddTsaUht0cmlzdHJhbWJhbGR3aW45MEBnbWFpbC5jb21YBAAAAAM~). To opt out of other promotional emails from The Times, including those regarding The Athletic, [manage your email settings](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRm_oe9P0TLaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vbmV3c2xldHRlcnMvbWFuYWdlP2VtYz1lZGl0X3R5XzIwMjMxMDAzJm5sPW9waW5pb24tdG9kYXkmc2VuZF9pZD0xNDYzNTAmdGU9MSZ0b2tlbj03MDM3MzcxYTIwZWZiODBiODc4MGI0NjM4YjA3OTZhYjQxODFhMDZmZTkzODA1MGQ2YTJlYzFjZWYzZjBlYzFjZWQzNDA5NTI2ZTIwNTdmMmE1Y2Q2MDhiMWY0ZWMzZjdXA255dEIKZRS9AhxlnXU7GlIbdHJpc3RyYW1iYWxkd2luOTBAZ21haWwuY29tWAQAAAAD). To opt out of updates and offers sent from The Athletic, [submit a request](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRm_oe9P0TOaHR0cHM6Ly90aGVhdGhsZXRpYy56ZW5kZXNrLmNvbS9oYy9lbi11cy9yZXF1ZXN0cy9uZXc_Y2FtcGFpZ25faWQ9MzkmZW1jPWVkaXRfdHlfMjAyMzEwMDMmaW5zdGFuY2VfaWQ9MTA0MjcyJm5sPW9waW5pb24tdG9kYXkmcmVnaV9pZD03NzY3NDk1MiZzZWdtZW50X2lkPTE0NjM1MCZ0ZT0xJnVzZXJfaWQ9YWE0OTFlZjdmMWQ5NjRlNDk3OWZiNzg0ZTc0ZTAxZDdXA255dEIKZRS9AhxlnXU7GlIbdHJpc3RyYW1iYWxkd2luOTBAZ21haWwuY29tWAQAAAAD). [Subscribe to The Times](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRm_oe9P0TOaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vc3Vic2NyaXB0aW9uP2NhbXBhaWduSWQ9OVJYNzgmY2FtcGFpZ25faWQ9MzkmZW1jPWVkaXRfdHlfMjAyMzEwMDMmaW5zdGFuY2VfaWQ9MTA0MjcyJm5sPW9waW5pb24tdG9kYXkmcmVnaV9pZD03NzY3NDk1MiZzZWdtZW50X2lkPTE0NjM1MCZ0ZT0xJnVzZXJfaWQ9YWE0OTFlZjdmMWQ5NjRlNDk3OWZiNzg0ZTc0ZTAxZDdXA255dEIKZRS9AhxlnXU7GlIbdHJpc3RyYW1iYWxkd2luOTBAZ21haWwuY29tWAQAAAAD)[Get The New York Times app](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRm_oe9P0TLaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vc2VydmljZXMvbW9iaWxlL2luZGV4Lmh0bWw_Y2FtcGFpZ25faWQ9MzkmZW1jPWVkaXRfdHlfMjAyMzEwMDMmaW5zdGFuY2VfaWQ9MTA0MjcyJm5sPW9waW5pb24tdG9kYXkmcmVnaV9pZD03NzY3NDk1MiZzZWdtZW50X2lkPTE0NjM1MCZ0ZT0xJnVzZXJfaWQ9YWE0OTFlZjdmMWQ5NjRlNDk3OWZiNzg0ZTc0ZTAxZDdXA255dEIKZRS9AhxlnXU7GlIbdHJpc3RyYW1iYWxkd2luOTBAZ21haWwuY29tWAQAAAAD) Connect with us on: [facebook](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRm_oe9P0S9aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZmFjZWJvb2suY29tL255dG9waW5pb24vP2NhbXBhaWduX2lkPTM5JmVtYz1lZGl0X3R5XzIwMjMxMDAzJmluc3RhbmNlX2lkPTEwNDI3MiZubD1vcGluaW9uLXRvZGF5JnJlZ2lfaWQ9Nzc2NzQ5NTImc2VnbWVudF9pZD0xNDYzNTAmdGU9MSZ1c2VyX2lkPWFhNDkxZWY3ZjFkOTY0ZTQ5NzlmYjc4NGU3NGUwMWQ3VwNueXRCCmUUvQIcZZ11OxpSG3RyaXN0cmFtYmFsZHdpbjkwQGdtYWlsLmNvbVgEAAAAAw~~) [twitter](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRm_oe9P0S3aHR0cHM6Ly90d2l0dGVyLmNvbS9ueXRvcGluaW9uP2NhbXBhaWduX2lkPTM5JmVtYz1lZGl0X3R5XzIwMjMxMDAzJmluc3RhbmNlX2lkPTEwNDI3MiZubD1vcGluaW9uLXRvZGF5JnJlZ2lfaWQ9Nzc2NzQ5NTImc2VnbWVudF9pZD0xNDYzNTAmdGU9MSZ1c2VyX2lkPWFhNDkxZWY3ZjFkOTY0ZTQ5NzlmYjc4NGU3NGUwMWQ3VwNueXRCCmUUvQIcZZ11OxpSG3RyaXN0cmFtYmFsZHdpbjkwQGdtYWlsLmNvbVgEAAAAAw~~) [instagram](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRm_oe9P0S-aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuaW5zdGFncmFtLmNvbS9ueXRvcGluaW9uLz9jYW1wYWlnbl9pZD0zOSZlbWM9ZWRpdF90eV8yMDIzMTAwMyZpbnN0YW5jZV9pZD0xMDQyNzImbmw9b3Bpbmlvbi10b2RheSZyZWdpX2lkPTc3Njc0OTUyJnNlZ21lbnRfaWQ9MTQ2MzUwJnRlPTEmdXNlcl9pZD1hYTQ5MWVmN2YxZDk2NGU0OTc5ZmI3ODRlNzRlMDFkN1cDbnl0QgplFL0CHGWddTsaUht0cmlzdHJhbWJhbGR3aW45MEBnbWFpbC5jb21YBAAAAAM~) [Change Your Email](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRm_oe9P0TFaHR0cHM6Ly9teWFjY291bnQubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vbWVtL2VtYWlsLmh0bWw_Y2FtcGFpZ25faWQ9MzkmZW1jPWVkaXRfdHlfMjAyMzEwMDMmaW5zdGFuY2VfaWQ9MTA0MjcyJm5sPW9waW5pb24tdG9kYXkmcmVnaV9pZD03NzY3NDk1MiZzZWdtZW50X2lkPTE0NjM1MCZ0ZT0xJnVzZXJfaWQ9YWE0OTFlZjdmMWQ5NjRlNDk3OWZiNzg0ZTc0ZTAxZDdXA255dEIKZRS9AhxlnXU7GlIbdHJpc3RyYW1iYWxkd2luOTBAZ21haWwuY29tWAQAAAAD)[Privacy Policy](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRm_oe9P0TnaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vY29udGVudC9oZWxwL3JpZ2h0cy9wcml2YWN5L3BvbGljeS9wcml2YWN5LXBvbGljeS5odG1sP2NhbXBhaWduX2lkPTM5JmVtYz1lZGl0X3R5XzIwMjMxMDAzJmluc3RhbmNlX2lkPTEwNDI3MiZubD1vcGluaW9uLXRvZGF5JnJlZ2lfaWQ9Nzc2NzQ5NTImc2VnbWVudF9pZD0xNDYzNTAmdGU9MSZ1c2VyX2lkPWFhNDkxZWY3ZjFkOTY0ZTQ5NzlmYjc4NGU3NGUwMWQ3VwNueXRCCmUUvQIcZZ11OxpSG3RyaXN0cmFtYmFsZHdpbjkwQGdtYWlsLmNvbVgEAAAAAw~~)[Contact Us](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRm_oe9P0TNaHR0cHM6Ly9teWFjY291bnQubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vbWVtYmVyY2VudGVyL2hlbHAuaHRtbD9jYW1wYWlnbl9pZD0zOSZlbWM9ZWRpdF90eV8yMDIzMTAwMyZpbnN0YW5jZV9pZD0xMDQyNzImbmw9b3Bpbmlvbi10b2RheSZyZWdpX2lkPTc3Njc0OTUyJnNlZ21lbnRfaWQ9MTQ2MzUwJnRlPTEmdXNlcl9pZD1hYTQ5MWVmN2YxZDk2NGU0OTc5ZmI3ODRlNzRlMDFkN1cDbnl0QgplFL0CHGWddTsaUht0cmlzdHJhbWJhbGR3aW45MEBnbWFpbC5jb21YBAAAAAM~)[California Notices](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRm_oe9P0TKaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vcHJpdmFjeS9jYWxpZm9ybmlhLW5vdGljZT9jYW1wYWlnbl9pZD0zOSZlbWM9ZWRpdF90eV8yMDIzMTAwMyZpbnN0YW5jZV9pZD0xMDQyNzImbmw9b3Bpbmlvbi10b2RheSZyZWdpX2lkPTc3Njc0OTUyJnNlZ21lbnRfaWQ9MTQ2MzUwJnRlPTEmdXNlcl9pZD1hYTQ5MWVmN2YxZDk2NGU0OTc5ZmI3ODRlNzRlMDFkN1cDbnl0QgplFL0CHGWddTsaUht0cmlzdHJhbWJhbGR3aW45MEBnbWFpbC5jb21YBAAAAAM~) [LiveIntent Logo](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRm_oe9P0RQaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubGl2ZWludGVudC5jb20vcG93ZXJlZC1ieT90ZT0xJm5sPW9waW5pb24tdG9kYXkmZW1jPWVkaXRfdHlfMjAyMzEwMDNXA255dEIKZRS9AhxlnXU7GlIbdHJpc3RyYW1iYWxkd2luOTBAZ21haWwuY29tWAQAAAAD)[AdChoices Logo](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRm_oe9P0RQaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubGl2ZWludGVudC5jb20vYWQtY2hvaWNlcz90ZT0xJm5sPW9waW5pb24tdG9kYXkmZW1jPWVkaXRfdHlfMjAyMzEwMDNXA255dEIKZRS9AhxlnXU7GlIbdHJpc3RyYW1iYWxkd2luOTBAZ21haWwuY29tWAQAAAAD) The New York Times Company. 620 Eighth Avenue New York, NY 10018