Opinion Today: Our collective digital memory is rapidly disappearing

Powerful players can make big decisions about our data, and we have an obligation to stay informed. [View in browser](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRmeA8LP4QoAWh0dHBzOi8vbWVzc2FnaW5nLWN1c3RvbS1uZXdzbGV0dGVycy5ueXRpbWVzLmNvbS90ZW1wbGF0ZS9vYWt2Mj9jYW1wYWlnbl9pZD0zOSZlbWM9ZWRpdF90eV8yMDIzMDYyMyZpbnN0YW5jZV9pZD05NTgyOSZubD1vcGluaW9uLXRvZGF5JnByb2R1Y3RDb2RlPVRZJnJlZ2lfaWQ9Nzc2NzQ5NTImc2VnbWVudF9pZD0xMzczMjQmdGU9MSZ1cmk9bnl0JTNBJTJGJTJGbmV3c2xldHRlciUyRjM0NDJhNmY5LWNmMzktNThhZC1hZWJmLWYzYjkyMWI1ZTM0NiZ1c2VyX2lkPWFhNDkxZWY3ZjFkOTY0ZTQ5NzlmYjc4NGU3NGUwMWQ3VwNueXRCCmSRC4qVZMNtmIVSG3RyaXN0cmFtYmFsZHdpbjkwQGdtYWlsLmNvbVgEAAAAAA~~)|[nytimes.com](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRmeA8LP0SwaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vP2NhbXBhaWduX2lkPTM5JmVtYz1lZGl0X3R5XzIwMjMwNjIzJmluc3RhbmNlX2lkPTk1ODI5Jm5sPW9waW5pb24tdG9kYXkmcmVnaV9pZD03NzY3NDk1MiZzZWdtZW50X2lkPTEzNzMyNCZ0ZT0xJnVzZXJfaWQ9YWE0OTFlZjdmMWQ5NjRlNDk3OWZiNzg0ZTc0ZTAxZDdXA255dEIKZJELipVkw22YhVIbdHJpc3RyYW1iYWxkd2luOTBAZ21haWwuY29tWAQAAAAA)[Continue reading the main story](#a11y-skip-ad-marquee) [Marquee Ad](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRmeA8LP0SYaHR0cHM6Ly9saXZlaW50ZW50Lm5ld3lvcmt0aW1lc2luZm8uY29tL2NsaWNrP3M9MTYyMTM5JmxpPVRZJm09YWE0OTFlZjdmMWQ5NjRlNDk3OWZiNzg0ZTc0ZTAxZDcmcD1UWV8yMDIzMDYyMyZ0ZT0xJm5sPW9waW5pb24tdG9kYXkmZW1jPWVkaXRfdHlfMjAyMzA2MjNXA255dEIKZJELipVkw22YhVIbdHJpc3RyYW1iYWxkd2luOTBAZ21haWwuY29tWAQAAAAA) [Read more from Opinion](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRmeA8LP0S_aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vc2VjdGlvbi9vcGluaW9uP2NhbXBhaWduX2lkPTM5JmVtYz1lZGl0X3R5XzIwMjMwNjIzJmluc3RhbmNlX2lkPTk1ODI5Jm5sPW9waW5pb24tdG9kYXkmcmVnaV9pZD03NzY3NDk1MiZzZWdtZW50X2lkPTEzNzMyNCZ0ZT0xJnVzZXJfaWQ9YWE0OTFlZjdmMWQ5NjRlNDk3OWZiNzg0ZTc0ZTAxZDdXA255dEIKZJELipVkw22YhVIbdHJpc3RyYW1iYWxkd2luOTBAZ21haWwuY29tWAQAAAAA) June 23, 2023 [Author Headshot] By Parker Richards Staff Editor Last year, HBO Max — now just “Max” — began removing TV shows and movies from its streaming platform. Of course, streaming services remove content all the time. The difference with the Max removals was that [many](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRmeA8LP0TeaHR0cHM6Ly92YXJpZXR5LmNvbS8yMDIyL3R2L25ld3MvaGJvLW1heC1vcmlnaW5hbHMtcmVtb3ZlZC0xMjM1MzQ0Mjg2Lz9jYW1wYWlnbl9pZD0zOSZlbWM9ZWRpdF90eV8yMDIzMDYyMyZpbnN0YW5jZV9pZD05NTgyOSZubD1vcGluaW9uLXRvZGF5JnJlZ2lfaWQ9Nzc2NzQ5NTImc2VnbWVudF9pZD0xMzczMjQmdGU9MSZ1c2VyX2lkPWFhNDkxZWY3ZjFkOTY0ZTQ5NzlmYjc4NGU3NGUwMWQ3VwNueXRCCmSRC4qVZMNtmIVSG3RyaXN0cmFtYmFsZHdpbjkwQGdtYWlsLmNvbVgEAAAAAA~~) of the targeted shows were so-called “Max Originals.” They were only released digitally. No physical copies were ever released, or possibly even made. Over the coming months, as more films and shows came offline, it became clear that in many cases, even the artists who had worked on the media could not access their creations. There was nowhere to buy a digital or physical copy. Owen Dennis, the creator of the show “Infinity Train,” told me in an email that the only copies he has of his own show “are from files I pirated online.” In January, The Guardian published an article titled “[National Library of Australia’s free digital archives may be forced to close without funding](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRmeA8LP4QjAWh0dHBzOi8vd3d3LnRoZWd1YXJkaWFuLmNvbS9jdWx0dXJlLzIwMjMvamFuLzA2L25hdGlvbmFsLWxpYnJhcnktb2YtYXVzdHJhbGlhcy1mcmVlLWRpZ2l0YWwtYXJjaGl2ZXMtbWF5LWJlLWZvcmNlZC10by1jbG9zZS13aXRob3V0LWZ1bmRpbmc_Y2FtcGFpZ25faWQ9MzkmZW1jPWVkaXRfdHlfMjAyMzA2MjMmaW5zdGFuY2VfaWQ9OTU4Mjkmbmw9b3Bpbmlvbi10b2RheSZyZWdpX2lkPTc3Njc0OTUyJnNlZ21lbnRfaWQ9MTM3MzI0JnRlPTEmdXNlcl9pZD1hYTQ5MWVmN2YxZDk2NGU0OTc5ZmI3ODRlNzRlMDFkN1cDbnl0QgpkkQuKlWTDbZiFUht0cmlzdHJhbWJhbGR3aW45MEBnbWFpbC5jb21YBAAAAAA~).” The archive, “Trove,” had been underfunded for years and looked likely to shut down, ending the life of an invaluable, and free, tool utilized by both professional researchers and everyday enthusiasts. I don’t think many people saw Max’s memory-holing of its own shows — which it had done largely to avoid paying artists residuals for programs that were not widely viewed — and the National Library of Australia’s funding crisis as linked, but to me they seemed to be a pair: stories about how, thanks to the vicissitudes of political expediency or corporate greed, the public could instantaneously lose access to massive quantities of information. There was also, frankly, more to it. Digital archives and “big data” are a critical aspect of our everyday lives in the 21st century, even when we’re not fully aware of it. Politicians erase their texts, preventing proper oversight. Tech businesses turn users’ data into assets to be exploited. Files simply go missing, accidentally wiped or misplaced. [Continue reading the main story](#a11y-skip-universal-0) ADVERTISEMENT [Ad](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRmeA8LP0SXaHR0cHM6Ly9saXZlaW50ZW50Lm5ld3lvcmt0aW1lc2luZm8uY29tL2NsaWNrP3M9NTk3ODUmbGk9VFkmbT1hYTQ5MWVmN2YxZDk2NGU0OTc5ZmI3ODRlNzRlMDFkNyZwPVRZXzIwMjMwNjIzJnRlPTEmbmw9b3Bpbmlvbi10b2RheSZlbWM9ZWRpdF90eV8yMDIzMDYyM1cDbnl0QgpkkQuKlWTDbZiFUht0cmlzdHJhbWJhbGR3aW45MEBnbWFpbC5jb21YBAAAAAA~) Nanna Bonde Thylstrup is one of the world’s foremost experts on data loss. A professor at the University of Copenhagen, she has written extensively on data loss and archival best practices. She was a natural choice [to address digital data management in a guest essay for The Times.](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRmeA8LP0TfaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMy8wNi8yMS9vcGluaW9uL2RpZ2l0YWwtYXJjaGl2ZXMtbWVtb3J5Lmh0bWw_Y2FtcGFpZ25faWQ9MzkmZW1jPWVkaXRfdHlfMjAyMzA2MjMmaW5zdGFuY2VfaWQ9OTU4Mjkmbmw9b3Bpbmlvbi10b2RheSZyZWdpX2lkPTc3Njc0OTUyJnNlZ21lbnRfaWQ9MTM3MzI0JnRlPTEmdXNlcl9pZD1hYTQ5MWVmN2YxZDk2NGU0OTc5ZmI3ODRlNzRlMDFkN1cDbnl0QgpkkQuKlWTDbZiFUht0cmlzdHJhbWJhbGR3aW45MEBnbWFpbC5jb21YBAAAAAA~) By the time we’d sent drafts back and forth and published her essay, Max was barely mentioned and the Trove archive wasn’t referenced at all. The story of data loss and data management was so vast, and its implications so broad, that what had initially inspired me to reach out to Thylstrup became a footnote on a much larger project. A show being removed from a streaming platform is no more a latter-day Library of Alexandria conflagration than a cellphone’s photos being accidentally wiped, but taken together, the state of data loss in the digital age is bleak: unaccountable corporate and political leaders (in addition to mere error) govern much of our collective memory — and there is little agreement on what a better system might look like. [Read the guest essay here](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRmeA8LP0TfaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMy8wNi8yMS9vcGluaW9uL2RpZ2l0YWwtYXJjaGl2ZXMtbWVtb3J5Lmh0bWw_Y2FtcGFpZ25faWQ9MzkmZW1jPWVkaXRfdHlfMjAyMzA2MjMmaW5zdGFuY2VfaWQ9OTU4Mjkmbmw9b3Bpbmlvbi10b2RheSZyZWdpX2lkPTc3Njc0OTUyJnNlZ21lbnRfaWQ9MTM3MzI0JnRlPTEmdXNlcl9pZD1hYTQ5MWVmN2YxZDk2NGU0OTc5ZmI3ODRlNzRlMDFkN1cDbnl0QgpkkQuKlWTDbZiFUht0cmlzdHJhbWJhbGR3aW45MEBnbWFpbC5jb21YBAAAAAA~). [[Article Image] Illustration by Sam Whitney/The New York Times](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRmeA8LP0TfaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMy8wNi8yMS9vcGluaW9uL2RpZ2l0YWwtYXJjaGl2ZXMtbWVtb3J5Lmh0bWw_Y2FtcGFpZ25faWQ9MzkmZW1jPWVkaXRfdHlfMjAyMzA2MjMmaW5zdGFuY2VfaWQ9OTU4Mjkmbmw9b3Bpbmlvbi10b2RheSZyZWdpX2lkPTc3Njc0OTUyJnNlZ21lbnRfaWQ9MTM3MzI0JnRlPTEmdXNlcl9pZD1hYTQ5MWVmN2YxZDk2NGU0OTc5ZmI3ODRlNzRlMDFkN1cDbnl0QgpkkQuKlWTDbZiFUht0cmlzdHJhbWJhbGR3aW45MEBnbWFpbC5jb21YBAAAAAA~) [GUEST ESSAY The World’s Digital Memory Is at Risk Digital archives are humanity’s collective memory. Who should control them, and how, is a major problem for digital societies. By Nanna Bonde Thylstrup](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRmeA8LP0TfaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMy8wNi8yMS9vcGluaW9uL2RpZ2l0YWwtYXJjaGl2ZXMtbWVtb3J5Lmh0bWw_Y2FtcGFpZ25faWQ9MzkmZW1jPWVkaXRfdHlfMjAyMzA2MjMmaW5zdGFuY2VfaWQ9OTU4Mjkmbmw9b3Bpbmlvbi10b2RheSZyZWdpX2lkPTc3Njc0OTUyJnNlZ21lbnRfaWQ9MTM3MzI0JnRlPTEmdXNlcl9pZD1hYTQ5MWVmN2YxZDk2NGU0OTc5ZmI3ODRlNzRlMDFkN1cDbnl0QgpkkQuKlWTDbZiFUht0cmlzdHJhbWJhbGR3aW45MEBnbWFpbC5jb21YBAAAAAA~) [Continue reading the main story](#a11y-skip-universal-1) ADVERTISEMENT [Ad](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRmeA8LP0SYaHR0cHM6Ly9saXZlaW50ZW50Lm5ld3lvcmt0aW1lc2luZm8uY29tL2NsaWNrP3M9MjAxODEyJmxpPVRZJm09YWE0OTFlZjdmMWQ5NjRlNDk3OWZiNzg0ZTc0ZTAxZDcmcD1UWV8yMDIzMDYyMyZ0ZT0xJm5sPW9waW5pb24tdG9kYXkmZW1jPWVkaXRfdHlfMjAyMzA2MjNXA255dEIKZJELipVkw22YhVIbdHJpc3RyYW1iYWxkd2luOTBAZ21haWwuY29tWAQAAAAA) Here’s what we’re focusing on today: Editors’ Picks [GUEST ESSAY Is There Any Twinge of Regret Among the Anti-Abortion Justices? A year later, the consequences for women have been alarming. By Linda Greenhouse](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRmeA8LP0TkaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMy8wNi8yMy9vcGluaW9uL2Fib3J0aW9uLXN1cHJlbWUtY291cnQtZG9iYnMuaHRtbD9jYW1wYWlnbl9pZD0zOSZlbWM9ZWRpdF90eV8yMDIzMDYyMyZpbnN0YW5jZV9pZD05NTgyOSZubD1vcGluaW9uLXRvZGF5JnJlZ2lfaWQ9Nzc2NzQ5NTImc2VnbWVudF9pZD0xMzczMjQmdGU9MSZ1c2VyX2lkPWFhNDkxZWY3ZjFkOTY0ZTQ5NzlmYjc4NGU3NGUwMWQ3VwNueXRCCmSRC4qVZMNtmIVSG3RyaXN0cmFtYmFsZHdpbjkwQGdtYWlsLmNvbVgEAAAAAA~~) [Article Image](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRmeA8LP0TkaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMy8wNi8yMy9vcGluaW9uL2Fib3J0aW9uLXN1cHJlbWUtY291cnQtZG9iYnMuaHRtbD9jYW1wYWlnbl9pZD0zOSZlbWM9ZWRpdF90eV8yMDIzMDYyMyZpbnN0YW5jZV9pZD05NTgyOSZubD1vcGluaW9uLXRvZGF5JnJlZ2lfaWQ9Nzc2NzQ5NTImc2VnbWVudF9pZD0xMzczMjQmdGU9MSZ1c2VyX2lkPWFhNDkxZWY3ZjFkOTY0ZTQ5NzlmYjc4NGU3NGUwMWQ3VwNueXRCCmSRC4qVZMNtmIVSG3RyaXN0cmFtYmFsZHdpbjkwQGdtYWlsLmNvbVgEAAAAAA~~) More From Opinion [JAMELLE BOUIE Trump Believes the Presidency Belongs to Him It’s a dangerous assumption rooted in the habits and pathologies of the business world. 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By David Brooks](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRmeA8LP0ThaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMy8wNi8yMi9vcGluaW9uL2RvZGdlcnMtbGdidHEtY29udHJvdmVyc3kuaHRtbD9jYW1wYWlnbl9pZD0zOSZlbWM9ZWRpdF90eV8yMDIzMDYyMyZpbnN0YW5jZV9pZD05NTgyOSZubD1vcGluaW9uLXRvZGF5JnJlZ2lfaWQ9Nzc2NzQ5NTImc2VnbWVudF9pZD0xMzczMjQmdGU9MSZ1c2VyX2lkPWFhNDkxZWY3ZjFkOTY0ZTQ5NzlmYjc4NGU3NGUwMWQ3VwNueXRCCmSRC4qVZMNtmIVSG3RyaXN0cmFtYmFsZHdpbjkwQGdtYWlsLmNvbVgEAAAAAA~~) [Article Image](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRmeA8LP0ThaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMy8wNi8yMi9vcGluaW9uL2RvZGdlcnMtbGdidHEtY29udHJvdmVyc3kuaHRtbD9jYW1wYWlnbl9pZD0zOSZlbWM9ZWRpdF90eV8yMDIzMDYyMyZpbnN0YW5jZV9pZD05NTgyOSZubD1vcGluaW9uLXRvZGF5JnJlZ2lfaWQ9Nzc2NzQ5NTImc2VnbWVudF9pZD0xMzczMjQmdGU9MSZ1c2VyX2lkPWFhNDkxZWY3ZjFkOTY0ZTQ5NzlmYjc4NGU3NGUwMWQ3VwNueXRCCmSRC4qVZMNtmIVSG3RyaXN0cmFtYmFsZHdpbjkwQGdtYWlsLmNvbVgEAAAAAA~~) [GUEST ESSAY ‘He’s a Hint of the Future’: Our Writers on Vivek Ramaswamy A weak candidacy but serious ideological development on the right. 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His response to ethics concerns demonstrates all the bitterness and superciliousness for which he has become known. By Jesse Wegman](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRmeA8LP0TgaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMy8wNi8yMi9vcGluaW9uL2p1c3RpY2UtYWxpdG8tcHJvcHVibGljYS5odG1sP2NhbXBhaWduX2lkPTM5JmVtYz1lZGl0X3R5XzIwMjMwNjIzJmluc3RhbmNlX2lkPTk1ODI5Jm5sPW9waW5pb24tdG9kYXkmcmVnaV9pZD03NzY3NDk1MiZzZWdtZW50X2lkPTEzNzMyNCZ0ZT0xJnVzZXJfaWQ9YWE0OTFlZjdmMWQ5NjRlNDk3OWZiNzg0ZTc0ZTAxZDdXA255dEIKZJELipVkw22YhVIbdHJpc3RyYW1iYWxkd2luOTBAZ21haWwuY29tWAQAAAAA) [Article Image](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRmeA8LP0TgaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMy8wNi8yMi9vcGluaW9uL2p1c3RpY2UtYWxpdG8tcHJvcHVibGljYS5odG1sP2NhbXBhaWduX2lkPTM5JmVtYz1lZGl0X3R5XzIwMjMwNjIzJmluc3RhbmNlX2lkPTk1ODI5Jm5sPW9waW5pb24tdG9kYXkmcmVnaV9pZD03NzY3NDk1MiZzZWdtZW50X2lkPTEzNzMyNCZ0ZT0xJnVzZXJfaWQ9YWE0OTFlZjdmMWQ5NjRlNDk3OWZiNzg0ZTc0ZTAxZDdXA255dEIKZJELipVkw22YhVIbdHJpc3RyYW1iYWxkd2luOTBAZ21haWwuY29tWAQAAAAA) [FARHAD MANJOO You Can’t Win a Debate Against Someone Who Disregards Facts A debate between Robert F. Kennedy Jr. and a vaccine expert wouldn’t solve anything. By Farhad Manjoo](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRmeA8LP0TYaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMy8wNi8yMy9vcGluaW9uL3Jmay1qci1qb2Utcm9nYW4uaHRtbD9jYW1wYWlnbl9pZD0zOSZlbWM9ZWRpdF90eV8yMDIzMDYyMyZpbnN0YW5jZV9pZD05NTgyOSZubD1vcGluaW9uLXRvZGF5JnJlZ2lfaWQ9Nzc2NzQ5NTImc2VnbWVudF9pZD0xMzczMjQmdGU9MSZ1c2VyX2lkPWFhNDkxZWY3ZjFkOTY0ZTQ5NzlmYjc4NGU3NGUwMWQ3VwNueXRCCmSRC4qVZMNtmIVSG3RyaXN0cmFtYmFsZHdpbjkwQGdtYWlsLmNvbVgEAAAAAA~~) [Article Image](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRmeA8LP0TYaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMy8wNi8yMy9vcGluaW9uL3Jmay1qci1qb2Utcm9nYW4uaHRtbD9jYW1wYWlnbl9pZD0zOSZlbWM9ZWRpdF90eV8yMDIzMDYyMyZpbnN0YW5jZV9pZD05NTgyOSZubD1vcGluaW9uLXRvZGF5JnJlZ2lfaWQ9Nzc2NzQ5NTImc2VnbWVudF9pZD0xMzczMjQmdGU9MSZ1c2VyX2lkPWFhNDkxZWY3ZjFkOTY0ZTQ5NzlmYjc4NGU3NGUwMWQ3VwNueXRCCmSRC4qVZMNtmIVSG3RyaXN0cmFtYmFsZHdpbjkwQGdtYWlsLmNvbVgEAAAAAA~~) [GUEST ESSAY We Muslims Used to Be the Culture War Scapegoats. Why Are Some of Us Joining the L.G.B.T.Q. Pile-On? How quickly some have forgotten the lessons of the past two decades. By Wajahat Ali](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRmeA8LP0TVaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMy8wNi8yMy9vcGluaW9uL2xnYnRxLW11c2xpbXMuaHRtbD9jYW1wYWlnbl9pZD0zOSZlbWM9ZWRpdF90eV8yMDIzMDYyMyZpbnN0YW5jZV9pZD05NTgyOSZubD1vcGluaW9uLXRvZGF5JnJlZ2lfaWQ9Nzc2NzQ5NTImc2VnbWVudF9pZD0xMzczMjQmdGU9MSZ1c2VyX2lkPWFhNDkxZWY3ZjFkOTY0ZTQ5NzlmYjc4NGU3NGUwMWQ3VwNueXRCCmSRC4qVZMNtmIVSG3RyaXN0cmFtYmFsZHdpbjkwQGdtYWlsLmNvbVgEAAAAAA~~) [Article Image](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRmeA8LP0TVaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMy8wNi8yMy9vcGluaW9uL2xnYnRxLW11c2xpbXMuaHRtbD9jYW1wYWlnbl9pZD0zOSZlbWM9ZWRpdF90eV8yMDIzMDYyMyZpbnN0YW5jZV9pZD05NTgyOSZubD1vcGluaW9uLXRvZGF5JnJlZ2lfaWQ9Nzc2NzQ5NTImc2VnbWVudF9pZD0xMzczMjQmdGU9MSZ1c2VyX2lkPWFhNDkxZWY3ZjFkOTY0ZTQ5NzlmYjc4NGU3NGUwMWQ3VwNueXRCCmSRC4qVZMNtmIVSG3RyaXN0cmFtYmFsZHdpbjkwQGdtYWlsLmNvbVgEAAAAAA~~) [Wealth Is the Third Rail of American Politics. Let’s Grab It. The economist Darrick Hamilton discusses how policy proposals like “baby bonds” and a federal jobs guarantee could help the country move toward greater racial and economic equity. By ‘The Ezra Klein Show’](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRmeA8LP0TraHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMy8wNi8yMy9vcGluaW9uL2V6cmEta2xlaW4tcG9kY2FzdC1kYXJyaWNrLWhhbWlsdG9uLmh0bWw_Y2FtcGFpZ25faWQ9MzkmZW1jPWVkaXRfdHlfMjAyMzA2MjMmaW5zdGFuY2VfaWQ9OTU4Mjkmbmw9b3Bpbmlvbi10b2RheSZyZWdpX2lkPTc3Njc0OTUyJnNlZ21lbnRfaWQ9MTM3MzI0JnRlPTEmdXNlcl9pZD1hYTQ5MWVmN2YxZDk2NGU0OTc5ZmI3ODRlNzRlMDFkN1cDbnl0QgpkkQuKlWTDbZiFUht0cmlzdHJhbWJhbGR3aW45MEBnbWFpbC5jb21YBAAAAAA~) [Article Image](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRmeA8LP0TraHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMy8wNi8yMy9vcGluaW9uL2V6cmEta2xlaW4tcG9kY2FzdC1kYXJyaWNrLWhhbWlsdG9uLmh0bWw_Y2FtcGFpZ25faWQ9MzkmZW1jPWVkaXRfdHlfMjAyMzA2MjMmaW5zdGFuY2VfaWQ9OTU4Mjkmbmw9b3Bpbmlvbi10b2RheSZyZWdpX2lkPTc3Njc0OTUyJnNlZ21lbnRfaWQ9MTM3MzI0JnRlPTEmdXNlcl9pZD1hYTQ5MWVmN2YxZDk2NGU0OTc5ZmI3ODRlNzRlMDFkN1cDbnl0QgpkkQuKlWTDbZiFUht0cmlzdHJhbWJhbGR3aW45MEBnbWFpbC5jb21YBAAAAAA~) [Continue reading the main story](#a11y-skip-universal-2) ADVERTISEMENT [Ad](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRmeA8LP0SYaHR0cHM6Ly9saXZlaW50ZW50Lm5ld3lvcmt0aW1lc2luZm8uY29tL2NsaWNrP3M9NzI2NTM3JmxpPVRZJm09YWE0OTFlZjdmMWQ5NjRlNDk3OWZiNzg0ZTc0ZTAxZDcmcD1UWV8yMDIzMDYyMyZ0ZT0xJm5sPW9waW5pb24tdG9kYXkmZW1jPWVkaXRfdHlfMjAyMzA2MjNXA255dEIKZJELipVkw22YhVIbdHJpc3RyYW1iYWxkd2luOTBAZ21haWwuY29tWAQAAAAA) [JOHN MCWHORTER Reparations Should Be an End, Not a Beginning The focus on housing assistance as compensation for decades of redlining is a promising one. 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By David French](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRmeA8LP0TcaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMy8wNi8yMi9vcGluaW9uL2Fib3J0aW9uLWxhdy1yZWFsaXR5Lmh0bWw_Y2FtcGFpZ25faWQ9MzkmZW1jPWVkaXRfdHlfMjAyMzA2MjMmaW5zdGFuY2VfaWQ9OTU4Mjkmbmw9b3Bpbmlvbi10b2RheSZyZWdpX2lkPTc3Njc0OTUyJnNlZ21lbnRfaWQ9MTM3MzI0JnRlPTEmdXNlcl9pZD1hYTQ5MWVmN2YxZDk2NGU0OTc5ZmI3ODRlNzRlMDFkN1cDbnl0QgpkkQuKlWTDbZiFUht0cmlzdHJhbWJhbGR3aW45MEBnbWFpbC5jb21YBAAAAAA~) [Article Image](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRmeA8LP0TcaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMy8wNi8yMi9vcGluaW9uL2Fib3J0aW9uLWxhdy1yZWFsaXR5Lmh0bWw_Y2FtcGFpZ25faWQ9MzkmZW1jPWVkaXRfdHlfMjAyMzA2MjMmaW5zdGFuY2VfaWQ9OTU4Mjkmbmw9b3Bpbmlvbi10b2RheSZyZWdpX2lkPTc3Njc0OTUyJnNlZ21lbnRfaWQ9MTM3MzI0JnRlPTEmdXNlcl9pZD1hYTQ5MWVmN2YxZDk2NGU0OTc5ZmI3ODRlNzRlMDFkN1cDbnl0QgpkkQuKlWTDbZiFUht0cmlzdHJhbWJhbGR3aW45MEBnbWFpbC5jb21YBAAAAAA~) [LETTERS How to Change an Entrenched Police Culture Readers discuss police reforms after the George Floyd murder. Also: The submersible; Justice Alito’s ethics; President Trump’s behavior; child care funding.](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRmeA8LP0TiaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMy8wNi8yMi9vcGluaW9uL2xldHRlcnMvcG9saWNlLW1pbm5lYXBvbGlzLmh0bWw_Y2FtcGFpZ25faWQ9MzkmZW1jPWVkaXRfdHlfMjAyMzA2MjMmaW5zdGFuY2VfaWQ9OTU4Mjkmbmw9b3Bpbmlvbi10b2RheSZyZWdpX2lkPTc3Njc0OTUyJnNlZ21lbnRfaWQ9MTM3MzI0JnRlPTEmdXNlcl9pZD1hYTQ5MWVmN2YxZDk2NGU0OTc5ZmI3ODRlNzRlMDFkN1cDbnl0QgpkkQuKlWTDbZiFUht0cmlzdHJhbWJhbGR3aW45MEBnbWFpbC5jb21YBAAAAAA~) [Article Image](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRmeA8LP0TiaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMy8wNi8yMi9vcGluaW9uL2xldHRlcnMvcG9saWNlLW1pbm5lYXBvbGlzLmh0bWw_Y2FtcGFpZ25faWQ9MzkmZW1jPWVkaXRfdHlfMjAyMzA2MjMmaW5zdGFuY2VfaWQ9OTU4Mjkmbmw9b3Bpbmlvbi10b2RheSZyZWdpX2lkPTc3Njc0OTUyJnNlZ21lbnRfaWQ9MTM3MzI0JnRlPTEmdXNlcl9pZD1hYTQ5MWVmN2YxZDk2NGU0OTc5ZmI3ODRlNzRlMDFkN1cDbnl0QgpkkQuKlWTDbZiFUht0cmlzdHJhbWJhbGR3aW45MEBnbWFpbC5jb21YBAAAAAA~) Subscribe Today New York Times Opinion curates a wide range of views, inviting rich discussion and debate that help readers analyze the world. 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