Opinion Today: We can cure disease by editing DNA. Why aren’t we?

Barriers remain for this level of revolutionized medicine. [View in browser](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRleatzP4QoAWh0dHBzOi8vbWVzc2FnaW5nLWN1c3RvbS1uZXdzbGV0dGVycy5ueXRpbWVzLmNvbS90ZW1wbGF0ZS9vYWt2Mj9jYW1wYWlnbl9pZD0zOSZlbWM9ZWRpdF90eV8yMDIyMTIxMiZpbnN0YW5jZV9pZD03OTk2NyZubD1vcGluaW9uLXRvZGF5JnByb2R1Y3RDb2RlPVRZJnJlZ2lfaWQ9Nzc2NzQ5NTImc2VnbWVudF9pZD0xMTU3MzMmdGU9MSZ1cmk9bnl0JTNBJTJGJTJGbmV3c2xldHRlciUyRmFhNTBmYjJhLTkxNjYtNWFmYi1hZjQwLThkYjE1N2EzMjZkYiZ1c2VyX2lkPWFhNDkxZWY3ZjFkOTY0ZTQ5NzlmYjc4NGU3NGUwMWQ3VwNueXRCCmOQcyaXY7o7H55SG3RyaXN0cmFtYmFsZHdpbjkwQGdtYWlsLmNvbVgEAAAAAA~~)|[nytimes.com](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRleatzP0SwaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vP2NhbXBhaWduX2lkPTM5JmVtYz1lZGl0X3R5XzIwMjIxMjEyJmluc3RhbmNlX2lkPTc5OTY3Jm5sPW9waW5pb24tdG9kYXkmcmVnaV9pZD03NzY3NDk1MiZzZWdtZW50X2lkPTExNTczMyZ0ZT0xJnVzZXJfaWQ9YWE0OTFlZjdmMWQ5NjRlNDk3OWZiNzg0ZTc0ZTAxZDdXA255dEIKY5BzJpdjujsfnlIbdHJpc3RyYW1iYWxkd2luOTBAZ21haWwuY29tWAQAAAAA)[Continue reading the main story](#a11y-skip-ad-marquee) ~/AAAAAQA~/RgRleatzP0RtaHR0cHM6Ly9saXZlaW50ZW50Lm5ld3lvcmt0aW1lc2luZm8uY29tL2NsaWNrP3M9MTYyMTM5JmxpPVRZJm09YWE0OTFlZjdmMWQ5NjRlNDk3OWZiNzg0ZTc0ZTAxZDcmcD1UWV8yMDIyMTIxMlcDbnl0QgpjkHMml2O6Ox-eUht0cmlzdHJhbWJhbGR3aW45MEBnbWFpbC5jb21YBAAAAAA~ [Read more from Opinion](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRleatzP0S_aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vc2VjdGlvbi9vcGluaW9uP2NhbXBhaWduX2lkPTM5JmVtYz1lZGl0X3R5XzIwMjIxMjEyJmluc3RhbmNlX2lkPTc5OTY3Jm5sPW9waW5pb24tdG9kYXkmcmVnaV9pZD03NzY3NDk1MiZzZWdtZW50X2lkPTExNTczMyZ0ZT0xJnVzZXJfaWQ9YWE0OTFlZjdmMWQ5NjRlNDk3OWZiNzg0ZTc0ZTAxZDdXA255dEIKY5BzJpdjujsfnlIbdHJpc3RyYW1iYWxkd2luOTBAZ21haWwuY29tWAQAAAAA) December 12, 2022 [Author Headshot] By Alexandra Sifferlin Senior Staff Editor, Opinion As scientists have learned more about the effects specific gene mutations have on our health, the promise of gene editing has taken shape. And in the last few years, significant progress has been made that brings a new kind of medicine into view. Gene therapies already exist for some conditions. A recently approved one, for a bleeding disorder, costs a record $3.5 million for a single-use vial. Gene editing with CRISPR, which builds on gene therapy, is now also being used in studies to treat diseases like sickle cell and heart disease. But barriers remain for widespread use. Fyodor Urnov, a highly regarded CRISPR scientist at the University of California, Berkeley, who with colleagues coined the term “genome editing,” discusses the state of the science — and his view of what’s holding it back — [in a guest essay for Times Opinion](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRleatzP0ThaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMi8xMi8wOS9vcGluaW9uL2NyaXNwci1nZW5lLWVkaXRpbmctY3VyZXMuaHRtbD9jYW1wYWlnbl9pZD0zOSZlbWM9ZWRpdF90eV8yMDIyMTIxMiZpbnN0YW5jZV9pZD03OTk2NyZubD1vcGluaW9uLXRvZGF5JnJlZ2lfaWQ9Nzc2NzQ5NTImc2VnbWVudF9pZD0xMTU3MzMmdGU9MSZ1c2VyX2lkPWFhNDkxZWY3ZjFkOTY0ZTQ5NzlmYjc4NGU3NGUwMWQ3VwNueXRCCmOQcyaXY7o7H55SG3RyaXN0cmFtYmFsZHdpbjkwQGdtYWlsLmNvbVgEAAAAAA~~). “So much substantive progress has been made in the field of genetic medicine that it’s clear scientists have now delivered on a remarkable dream: word-processor-like control over DNA,” he writes. The obstacles, he argues, are “not technical but legal, financial and organizational.” The $3 million medication is case in point, he says. Currently, scientists who want to develop treatments for genetic diseases undergo a long and expensive clinical trial and regulatory process for a drug that will benefit a relatively small group of patients. Drug companies then price the treatments exorbitantly to make up for it. Urnov argues that the Food and Drug Administration needs a new pathway for CRISPR cures, one that’s faster and more financially sustainable. The possibilities he puts forward are nuanced. He believes CRISPR drugs that are used to treat diseases that affect huge numbers of people, like heart disease, merit the lengthy process. But he and others envision a future where doctors and scientists can treat one-of-a-kind mutations, which isn’t possible currently. From Urnov’s perspective, science can already deliver. “Scientists can rewrite a person’s DNA on demand. But now what?” Urnov writes. “Unless things change dramatically, the millions of people whom CRISPR could save will never benefit from it.” [Read the full essay here](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRleatzP0ThaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMi8xMi8wOS9vcGluaW9uL2NyaXNwci1nZW5lLWVkaXRpbmctY3VyZXMuaHRtbD9jYW1wYWlnbl9pZD0zOSZlbWM9ZWRpdF90eV8yMDIyMTIxMiZpbnN0YW5jZV9pZD03OTk2NyZubD1vcGluaW9uLXRvZGF5JnJlZ2lfaWQ9Nzc2NzQ5NTImc2VnbWVudF9pZD0xMTU3MzMmdGU9MSZ1c2VyX2lkPWFhNDkxZWY3ZjFkOTY0ZTQ5NzlmYjc4NGU3NGUwMWQ3VwNueXRCCmOQcyaXY7o7H55SG3RyaXN0cmFtYmFsZHdpbjkwQGdtYWlsLmNvbVgEAAAAAA~~). [[Article Image] Daniel Forero](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRleatzP0ThaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMi8xMi8wOS9vcGluaW9uL2NyaXNwci1nZW5lLWVkaXRpbmctY3VyZXMuaHRtbD9jYW1wYWlnbl9pZD0zOSZlbWM9ZWRpdF90eV8yMDIyMTIxMiZpbnN0YW5jZV9pZD03OTk2NyZubD1vcGluaW9uLXRvZGF5JnJlZ2lfaWQ9Nzc2NzQ5NTImc2VnbWVudF9pZD0xMTU3MzMmdGU9MSZ1c2VyX2lkPWFhNDkxZWY3ZjFkOTY0ZTQ5NzlmYjc4NGU3NGUwMWQ3VwNueXRCCmOQcyaXY7o7H55SG3RyaXN0cmFtYmFsZHdpbjkwQGdtYWlsLmNvbVgEAAAAAA~~) [GUEST ESSAY We Can Cure Disease by Editing a Person’s DNA. Why Aren’t We? Revolutionized medicine may be at hand, but barriers remain. By Fyodor Urnov](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRleatzP0ThaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMi8xMi8wOS9vcGluaW9uL2NyaXNwci1nZW5lLWVkaXRpbmctY3VyZXMuaHRtbD9jYW1wYWlnbl9pZD0zOSZlbWM9ZWRpdF90eV8yMDIyMTIxMiZpbnN0YW5jZV9pZD03OTk2NyZubD1vcGluaW9uLXRvZGF5JnJlZ2lfaWQ9Nzc2NzQ5NTImc2VnbWVudF9pZD0xMTU3MzMmdGU9MSZ1c2VyX2lkPWFhNDkxZWY3ZjFkOTY0ZTQ5NzlmYjc4NGU3NGUwMWQ3VwNueXRCCmOQcyaXY7o7H55SG3RyaXN0cmFtYmFsZHdpbjkwQGdtYWlsLmNvbVgEAAAAAA~~) [Continue reading the main story](#a11y-skip-universal-0) ADVERTISEMENT ~/AAAAAQA~/RgRleatzP0RsaHR0cHM6Ly9saXZlaW50ZW50Lm5ld3lvcmt0aW1lc2luZm8uY29tL2NsaWNrP3M9NTk3ODUmbGk9VFkmbT1hYTQ5MWVmN2YxZDk2NGU0OTc5ZmI3ODRlNzRlMDFkNyZwPVRZXzIwMjIxMjEyVwNueXRCCmOQcyaXY7o7H55SG3RyaXN0cmFtYmFsZHdpbjkwQGdtYWlsLmNvbVgEAAAAAA~~ Here’s what we’re focusing on today: Editors’ Picks [THE CONVERSATION Meet Kyrsten Sinema, Former Democrat of Arizona The senator would like to transcend the two-party system. Is that even possible? 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Losses of animals and plants represent a fundamental threat to how Native peoples practice their religions and pass on their cultures. By Gloria Tom](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRleatzP0ToaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMi8xMi8xMi9vcGluaW9uL2NvbmdyZXNzLW5hdGl2ZS1hbWVyaWNhbi13aWRsaWZlLmh0bWw_Y2FtcGFpZ25faWQ9MzkmZW1jPWVkaXRfdHlfMjAyMjEyMTImaW5zdGFuY2VfaWQ9Nzk5Njcmbmw9b3Bpbmlvbi10b2RheSZyZWdpX2lkPTc3Njc0OTUyJnNlZ21lbnRfaWQ9MTE1NzMzJnRlPTEmdXNlcl9pZD1hYTQ5MWVmN2YxZDk2NGU0OTc5ZmI3ODRlNzRlMDFkN1cDbnl0QgpjkHMml2O6Ox-eUht0cmlzdHJhbWJhbGR3aW45MEBnbWFpbC5jb21YBAAAAAA~) [Article Image](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRleatzP0ToaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMi8xMi8xMi9vcGluaW9uL2NvbmdyZXNzLW5hdGl2ZS1hbWVyaWNhbi13aWRsaWZlLmh0bWw_Y2FtcGFpZ25faWQ9MzkmZW1jPWVkaXRfdHlfMjAyMjEyMTImaW5zdGFuY2VfaWQ9Nzk5Njcmbmw9b3Bpbmlvbi10b2RheSZyZWdpX2lkPTc3Njc0OTUyJnNlZ21lbnRfaWQ9MTE1NzMzJnRlPTEmdXNlcl9pZD1hYTQ5MWVmN2YxZDk2NGU0OTc5ZmI3ODRlNzRlMDFkN1cDbnl0QgpjkHMml2O6Ox-eUht0cmlzdHJhbWJhbGR3aW45MEBnbWFpbC5jb21YBAAAAAA~) [GUEST ESSAY Ash Trees Are Vanishing. So Is a Basket Maker That Has Depended on Them for 168 Years. The Peterboro Basket Company is the latest victim of an invasive forest insect that is devastating ash trees in North America. By Thomas J. Campanella](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRleatzP0TZaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMi8xMi8xMi9vcGluaW9uL2Jhc2tldC1hc2gtaW5zZWN0Lmh0bWw_Y2FtcGFpZ25faWQ9MzkmZW1jPWVkaXRfdHlfMjAyMjEyMTImaW5zdGFuY2VfaWQ9Nzk5Njcmbmw9b3Bpbmlvbi10b2RheSZyZWdpX2lkPTc3Njc0OTUyJnNlZ21lbnRfaWQ9MTE1NzMzJnRlPTEmdXNlcl9pZD1hYTQ5MWVmN2YxZDk2NGU0OTc5ZmI3ODRlNzRlMDFkN1cDbnl0QgpjkHMml2O6Ox-eUht0cmlzdHJhbWJhbGR3aW45MEBnbWFpbC5jb21YBAAAAAA~) [Article Image](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRleatzP0TZaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMi8xMi8xMi9vcGluaW9uL2Jhc2tldC1hc2gtaW5zZWN0Lmh0bWw_Y2FtcGFpZ25faWQ9MzkmZW1jPWVkaXRfdHlfMjAyMjEyMTImaW5zdGFuY2VfaWQ9Nzk5Njcmbmw9b3Bpbmlvbi10b2RheSZyZWdpX2lkPTc3Njc0OTUyJnNlZ21lbnRfaWQ9MTE1NzMzJnRlPTEmdXNlcl9pZD1hYTQ5MWVmN2YxZDk2NGU0OTc5ZmI3ODRlNzRlMDFkN1cDbnl0QgpjkHMml2O6Ox-eUht0cmlzdHJhbWJhbGR3aW45MEBnbWFpbC5jb21YBAAAAAA~) [GUEST ESSAY What Do Stray Dogs Tell Us About the South? A film about dogs conveys the complex reality behind the stories of neglect. By Margaret Renkl](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRleatzP0ThaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMi8xMi8xMi9vcGluaW9uL3N0cmF5LWRvZ3MtYW1lcmljYW4tc291dGguaHRtbD9jYW1wYWlnbl9pZD0zOSZlbWM9ZWRpdF90eV8yMDIyMTIxMiZpbnN0YW5jZV9pZD03OTk2NyZubD1vcGluaW9uLXRvZGF5JnJlZ2lfaWQ9Nzc2NzQ5NTImc2VnbWVudF9pZD0xMTU3MzMmdGU9MSZ1c2VyX2lkPWFhNDkxZWY3ZjFkOTY0ZTQ5NzlmYjc4NGU3NGUwMWQ3VwNueXRCCmOQcyaXY7o7H55SG3RyaXN0cmFtYmFsZHdpbjkwQGdtYWlsLmNvbVgEAAAAAA~~) [Article Image](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRleatzP0ThaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMi8xMi8xMi9vcGluaW9uL3N0cmF5LWRvZ3MtYW1lcmljYW4tc291dGguaHRtbD9jYW1wYWlnbl9pZD0zOSZlbWM9ZWRpdF90eV8yMDIyMTIxMiZpbnN0YW5jZV9pZD03OTk2NyZubD1vcGluaW9uLXRvZGF5JnJlZ2lfaWQ9Nzc2NzQ5NTImc2VnbWVudF9pZD0xMTU3MzMmdGU9MSZ1c2VyX2lkPWFhNDkxZWY3ZjFkOTY0ZTQ5NzlmYjc4NGU3NGUwMWQ3VwNueXRCCmOQcyaXY7o7H55SG3RyaXN0cmFtYmFsZHdpbjkwQGdtYWlsLmNvbVgEAAAAAA~~) [Continue reading the main story](#a11y-skip-universal-1) ADVERTISEMENT ~/AAAAAQA~/RgRleatzP0RtaHR0cHM6Ly9saXZlaW50ZW50Lm5ld3lvcmt0aW1lc2luZm8uY29tL2NsaWNrP3M9MjAxODEyJmxpPVRZJm09YWE0OTFlZjdmMWQ5NjRlNDk3OWZiNzg0ZTc0ZTAxZDcmcD1UWV8yMDIyMTIxMlcDbnl0QgpjkHMml2O6Ox-eUht0cmlzdHJhbWJhbGR3aW45MEBnbWFpbC5jb21YBAAAAAA~ [GUEST ESSAY Want to Know Why Democrats Lose Rural America? Telling Iowa to get lost is not a great way to mend fences where the Democratic brand has become virtually unmarketable. By Art Cullen](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRleatzP0TdaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMi8xMi8xMS9vcGluaW9uL2RlbW9jcmF0cy1pb3dhLWNhdWN1cy5odG1sP2NhbXBhaWduX2lkPTM5JmVtYz1lZGl0X3R5XzIwMjIxMjEyJmluc3RhbmNlX2lkPTc5OTY3Jm5sPW9waW5pb24tdG9kYXkmcmVnaV9pZD03NzY3NDk1MiZzZWdtZW50X2lkPTExNTczMyZ0ZT0xJnVzZXJfaWQ9YWE0OTFlZjdmMWQ5NjRlNDk3OWZiNzg0ZTc0ZTAxZDdXA255dEIKY5BzJpdjujsfnlIbdHJpc3RyYW1iYWxkd2luOTBAZ21haWwuY29tWAQAAAAA) [Article Image](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRleatzP0TdaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMi8xMi8xMS9vcGluaW9uL2RlbW9jcmF0cy1pb3dhLWNhdWN1cy5odG1sP2NhbXBhaWduX2lkPTM5JmVtYz1lZGl0X3R5XzIwMjIxMjEyJmluc3RhbmNlX2lkPTc5OTY3Jm5sPW9waW5pb24tdG9kYXkmcmVnaV9pZD03NzY3NDk1MiZzZWdtZW50X2lkPTExNTczMyZ0ZT0xJnVzZXJfaWQ9YWE0OTFlZjdmMWQ5NjRlNDk3OWZiNzg0ZTc0ZTAxZDdXA255dEIKY5BzJpdjujsfnlIbdHJpc3RyYW1iYWxkd2luOTBAZ21haWwuY29tWAQAAAAA) [GUEST ESSAY It’s Not Just About Pot. Our Entire Drug Policy Needs an Overhaul. New ideas are needed for how to effectively regulate drugs. By Maia Szalavitz](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRleatzP0ThaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMi8xMi8xMS9vcGluaW9uL21hcmlqdWFuYS1kcnVncy11cy1wb2xpY3kuaHRtbD9jYW1wYWlnbl9pZD0zOSZlbWM9ZWRpdF90eV8yMDIyMTIxMiZpbnN0YW5jZV9pZD03OTk2NyZubD1vcGluaW9uLXRvZGF5JnJlZ2lfaWQ9Nzc2NzQ5NTImc2VnbWVudF9pZD0xMTU3MzMmdGU9MSZ1c2VyX2lkPWFhNDkxZWY3ZjFkOTY0ZTQ5NzlmYjc4NGU3NGUwMWQ3VwNueXRCCmOQcyaXY7o7H55SG3RyaXN0cmFtYmFsZHdpbjkwQGdtYWlsLmNvbVgEAAAAAA~~) [Article Image](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRleatzP0ThaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMi8xMi8xMS9vcGluaW9uL21hcmlqdWFuYS1kcnVncy11cy1wb2xpY3kuaHRtbD9jYW1wYWlnbl9pZD0zOSZlbWM9ZWRpdF90eV8yMDIyMTIxMiZpbnN0YW5jZV9pZD03OTk2NyZubD1vcGluaW9uLXRvZGF5JnJlZ2lfaWQ9Nzc2NzQ5NTImc2VnbWVudF9pZD0xMTU3MzMmdGU9MSZ1c2VyX2lkPWFhNDkxZWY3ZjFkOTY0ZTQ5NzlmYjc4NGU3NGUwMWQ3VwNueXRCCmOQcyaXY7o7H55SG3RyaXN0cmFtYmFsZHdpbjkwQGdtYWlsLmNvbVgEAAAAAA~~) [TISH HARRISON WARREN Putting the Poetry Back in Christmas The anticipatory pleasures of Advent. By Tish Harrison Warren](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRleatzP0TfaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMi8xMi8xMS9vcGluaW9uL2FkdmVudC1jaHJpc3RtYXMtcG9ldHJ5Lmh0bWw_Y2FtcGFpZ25faWQ9MzkmZW1jPWVkaXRfdHlfMjAyMjEyMTImaW5zdGFuY2VfaWQ9Nzk5Njcmbmw9b3Bpbmlvbi10b2RheSZyZWdpX2lkPTc3Njc0OTUyJnNlZ21lbnRfaWQ9MTE1NzMzJnRlPTEmdXNlcl9pZD1hYTQ5MWVmN2YxZDk2NGU0OTc5ZmI3ODRlNzRlMDFkN1cDbnl0QgpjkHMml2O6Ox-eUht0cmlzdHJhbWJhbGR3aW45MEBnbWFpbC5jb21YBAAAAAA~) [Article Image](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRleatzP0TfaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMi8xMi8xMS9vcGluaW9uL2FkdmVudC1jaHJpc3RtYXMtcG9ldHJ5Lmh0bWw_Y2FtcGFpZ25faWQ9MzkmZW1jPWVkaXRfdHlfMjAyMjEyMTImaW5zdGFuY2VfaWQ9Nzk5Njcmbmw9b3Bpbmlvbi10b2RheSZyZWdpX2lkPTc3Njc0OTUyJnNlZ21lbnRfaWQ9MTE1NzMzJnRlPTEmdXNlcl9pZD1hYTQ5MWVmN2YxZDk2NGU0OTc5ZmI3ODRlNzRlMDFkN1cDbnl0QgpjkHMml2O6Ox-eUht0cmlzdHJhbWJhbGR3aW45MEBnbWFpbC5jb21YBAAAAAA~) [GUEST ESSAY This Royal Saga Has a Surprise Ending Look closely. Behind the storybook romance, all is not as it seems. By Amanda Foreman](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRleatzP0T4aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMi8xMi8xMS9vcGluaW9uL2NvbnRyaWJ1dG9ycy9rZWkta29tdXJvLXByaW5jZXNzLW1ha28tamFwYW4tbG92ZS5odG1sP2NhbXBhaWduX2lkPTM5JmVtYz1lZGl0X3R5XzIwMjIxMjEyJmluc3RhbmNlX2lkPTc5OTY3Jm5sPW9waW5pb24tdG9kYXkmcmVnaV9pZD03NzY3NDk1MiZzZWdtZW50X2lkPTExNTczMyZ0ZT0xJnVzZXJfaWQ9YWE0OTFlZjdmMWQ5NjRlNDk3OWZiNzg0ZTc0ZTAxZDdXA255dEIKY5BzJpdjujsfnlIbdHJpc3RyYW1iYWxkd2luOTBAZ21haWwuY29tWAQAAAAA) [Article Image](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRleatzP0T4aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMi8xMi8xMS9vcGluaW9uL2NvbnRyaWJ1dG9ycy9rZWkta29tdXJvLXByaW5jZXNzLW1ha28tamFwYW4tbG92ZS5odG1sP2NhbXBhaWduX2lkPTM5JmVtYz1lZGl0X3R5XzIwMjIxMjEyJmluc3RhbmNlX2lkPTc5OTY3Jm5sPW9waW5pb24tdG9kYXkmcmVnaV9pZD03NzY3NDk1MiZzZWdtZW50X2lkPTExNTczMyZ0ZT0xJnVzZXJfaWQ9YWE0OTFlZjdmMWQ5NjRlNDk3OWZiNzg0ZTc0ZTAxZDdXA255dEIKY5BzJpdjujsfnlIbdHJpc3RyYW1iYWxkd2luOTBAZ21haWwuY29tWAQAAAAA) [LETTERS When Grief After a Loss Is Long-Lasting Readers discuss whether prolonged grief should be viewed as a mental disorder. Also: The value of oral exams; U.S. foreign policy.](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRleatzP0TiaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMi8xMi8xMS9vcGluaW9uL2xldHRlcnMvbG9uZy1sYXN0aW5nLWdyaWVmLmh0bWw_Y2FtcGFpZ25faWQ9MzkmZW1jPWVkaXRfdHlfMjAyMjEyMTImaW5zdGFuY2VfaWQ9Nzk5Njcmbmw9b3Bpbmlvbi10b2RheSZyZWdpX2lkPTc3Njc0OTUyJnNlZ21lbnRfaWQ9MTE1NzMzJnRlPTEmdXNlcl9pZD1hYTQ5MWVmN2YxZDk2NGU0OTc5ZmI3ODRlNzRlMDFkN1cDbnl0QgpjkHMml2O6Ox-eUht0cmlzdHJhbWJhbGR3aW45MEBnbWFpbC5jb21YBAAAAAA~) [Article Image](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRleatzP0TiaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMi8xMi8xMS9vcGluaW9uL2xldHRlcnMvbG9uZy1sYXN0aW5nLWdyaWVmLmh0bWw_Y2FtcGFpZ25faWQ9MzkmZW1jPWVkaXRfdHlfMjAyMjEyMTImaW5zdGFuY2VfaWQ9Nzk5Njcmbmw9b3Bpbmlvbi10b2RheSZyZWdpX2lkPTc3Njc0OTUyJnNlZ21lbnRfaWQ9MTE1NzMzJnRlPTEmdXNlcl9pZD1hYTQ5MWVmN2YxZDk2NGU0OTc5ZmI3ODRlNzRlMDFkN1cDbnl0QgpjkHMml2O6Ox-eUht0cmlzdHJhbWJhbGR3aW45MEBnbWFpbC5jb21YBAAAAAA~) Subscribe Today New York Times Opinion curates a wide range of views, inviting rich discussion and debate that help readers analyze the world. This work is made possible with the support of subscribers. [Please consider subscribing to The Times with this special offer](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRleatzP0TMaHR0cDovL3d3dy5ueXRpbWVzLmNvbS9zdWJzY3JpcHRpb24_Y2FtcGFpZ25JZD05S1hGVSZjYW1wYWlnbl9pZD0zOSZlbWM9ZWRpdF90eV8yMDIyMTIxMiZpbnN0YW5jZV9pZD03OTk2NyZubD1vcGluaW9uLXRvZGF5JnJlZ2lfaWQ9Nzc2NzQ5NTImc2VnbWVudF9pZD0xMTU3MzMmdGU9MSZ1c2VyX2lkPWFhNDkxZWY3ZjFkOTY0ZTQ5NzlmYjc4NGU3NGUwMWQ3VwNueXRCCmOQcyaXY7o7H55SG3RyaXN0cmFtYmFsZHdpbjkwQGdtYWlsLmNvbVgEAAAAAA~~). 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