Opinion Today: Three ways of looking at affirmative action

The Supreme Court will hear oral arguments today. [View in browser](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRlQj_KP4QoAWh0dHBzOi8vbWVzc2FnaW5nLWN1c3RvbS1uZXdzbGV0dGVycy5ueXRpbWVzLmNvbS90ZW1wbGF0ZS9vYWt2Mj9jYW1wYWlnbl9pZD0zOSZlbWM9ZWRpdF90eV8yMDIyMTAzMSZpbnN0YW5jZV9pZD03NjEzNSZubD1vcGluaW9uLXRvZGF5JnByb2R1Y3RDb2RlPVRZJnJlZ2lfaWQ9Nzc2NzQ5NTImc2VnbWVudF9pZD0xMTE1ODEmdGU9MSZ1cmk9bnl0JTNBJTJGJTJGbmV3c2xldHRlciUyRjdmNzVkMTA0LTE3NWUtNTA1MC1iY2IwLTlmMDAzZDE4ZTU3NyZ1c2VyX2lkPWFhNDkxZWY3ZjFkOTY0ZTQ5NzlmYjc4NGU3NGUwMWQ3VwNueXRCCmNOyrpfY-_tKCNSG3RyaXN0cmFtYmFsZHdpbjkwQGdtYWlsLmNvbVgEAAAAAA~~)|[nytimes.com](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRlQj_KP0SwaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vP2NhbXBhaWduX2lkPTM5JmVtYz1lZGl0X3R5XzIwMjIxMDMxJmluc3RhbmNlX2lkPTc2MTM1Jm5sPW9waW5pb24tdG9kYXkmcmVnaV9pZD03NzY3NDk1MiZzZWdtZW50X2lkPTExMTU4MSZ0ZT0xJnVzZXJfaWQ9YWE0OTFlZjdmMWQ5NjRlNDk3OWZiNzg0ZTc0ZTAxZDdXA255dEIKY07Kul9j7-0oI1IbdHJpc3RyYW1iYWxkd2luOTBAZ21haWwuY29tWAQAAAAA)[Continue reading the main story](#a11y-skip-ad-marquee) ~/AAAAAQA~/RgRlQj_KP0RtaHR0cHM6Ly9saXZlaW50ZW50Lm5ld3lvcmt0aW1lc2luZm8uY29tL2NsaWNrP3M9MTYyMTM5JmxpPVRZJm09YWE0OTFlZjdmMWQ5NjRlNDk3OWZiNzg0ZTc0ZTAxZDcmcD1UWV8yMDIyMTAzMVcDbnl0QgpjTsq6X2Pv7SgjUht0cmlzdHJhbWJhbGR3aW45MEBnbWFpbC5jb21YBAAAAAA~ [Read more from Opinion](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRlQj_KP0S_aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vc2VjdGlvbi9vcGluaW9uP2NhbXBhaWduX2lkPTM5JmVtYz1lZGl0X3R5XzIwMjIxMDMxJmluc3RhbmNlX2lkPTc2MTM1Jm5sPW9waW5pb24tdG9kYXkmcmVnaV9pZD03NzY3NDk1MiZzZWdtZW50X2lkPTExMTU4MSZ0ZT0xJnVzZXJfaWQ9YWE0OTFlZjdmMWQ5NjRlNDk3OWZiNzg0ZTc0ZTAxZDdXA255dEIKY07Kul9j7-0oI1IbdHJpc3RyYW1iYWxkd2luOTBAZ21haWwuY29tWAQAAAAA) October 31, 2022 [Author Headshot] By Vanessa Mobley Op-Ed Editor Today, the Supreme Court will hear challenges to affirmative action at Harvard and the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. It has been more than 40 years since the court first ruled on affirmative action and found that some racial considerations in higher education did not offend the Constitution or federal law. Yet affirmative action is banned in nine states (including California, Florida and Michigan), and public sentiment — as seen in [a Pew Research Center survey in 2019](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRlQj_KP4QZAWh0dHBzOi8vd3d3LnBld3Jlc2VhcmNoLm9yZy9mYWN0LXRhbmsvMjAxOS8wMi8yNS9tb3N0LWFtZXJpY2Fucy1zYXktY29sbGVnZXMtc2hvdWxkLW5vdC1jb25zaWRlci1yYWNlLW9yLWV0aG5pY2l0eS1pbi1hZG1pc3Npb25zLz9jYW1wYWlnbl9pZD0zOSZlbWM9ZWRpdF90eV8yMDIyMTAzMSZpbnN0YW5jZV9pZD03NjEzNSZubD1vcGluaW9uLXRvZGF5JnJlZ2lfaWQ9Nzc2NzQ5NTImc2VnbWVudF9pZD0xMTE1ODEmdGU9MSZ1c2VyX2lkPWFhNDkxZWY3ZjFkOTY0ZTQ5NzlmYjc4NGU3NGUwMWQ3VwNueXRCCmNOyrpfY-_tKCNSG3RyaXN0cmFtYmFsZHdpbjkwQGdtYWlsLmNvbVgEAAAAAA~~) that found that 73 percent of Americans said colleges and universities should not consider race or ethnicity when making decisions about student admissions — is far from unanimous. Justin Driver, the Robert R. Slaughter professor of law at Yale University, has written [a guest essay](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRlQj_KP0TxaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMi8xMC8yNi9vcGluaW9uL3N1cHJlbWUtY291cnQtY2FzZS1mb3ItYWZmaXJtYXRpdmUtYWN0aW9uLmh0bWw_Y2FtcGFpZ25faWQ9MzkmZW1jPWVkaXRfdHlfMjAyMjEwMzEmaW5zdGFuY2VfaWQ9NzYxMzUmbmw9b3Bpbmlvbi10b2RheSZyZWdpX2lkPTc3Njc0OTUyJnNlZ21lbnRfaWQ9MTExNTgxJnRlPTEmdXNlcl9pZD1hYTQ5MWVmN2YxZDk2NGU0OTc5ZmI3ODRlNzRlMDFkN1cDbnl0QgpjTsq6X2Pv7SgjUht0cmlzdHJhbWJhbGR3aW45MEBnbWFpbC5jb21YBAAAAAA~) for Times Opinion that describes a middle path between the full repeal of affirmative action and its persistence on campus. In his piece, Driver writes about how Justice Sandra Day O’Connor (for whom he served as a Supreme Court clerk) wrote a majority opinion in [Grutter v. Bollinger](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRlQj_KP0S-aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cub3llei5vcmcvY2FzZXMvMjAwMi8wMi0yNDE_Y2FtcGFpZ25faWQ9MzkmZW1jPWVkaXRfdHlfMjAyMjEwMzEmaW5zdGFuY2VfaWQ9NzYxMzUmbmw9b3Bpbmlvbi10b2RheSZyZWdpX2lkPTc3Njc0OTUyJnNlZ21lbnRfaWQ9MTExNTgxJnRlPTEmdXNlcl9pZD1hYTQ5MWVmN2YxZDk2NGU0OTc5ZmI3ODRlNzRlMDFkN1cDbnl0QgpjTsq6X2Pv7SgjUht0cmlzdHJhbWJhbGR3aW45MEBnbWFpbC5jb21YBAAAAAA~) in 2003 that upheld affirmative action. In that opinion, she wrote that the court “expects that 25 years from now, the use of racial preferences will no longer be necessary to further the interest approved today.” Driver argues that the years remaining on the clock that started with Grutter could offer public and private institutions of higher learning a way to adapt to race-neutral admissions. In [another essay last week](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRlQj_KP0ToaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMi8xMC8yOC9vcGluaW9uL2FmZmlybWF0aXZlLWFjdGlvbi1zdXByZW1lLWNvdXJ0Lmh0bWw_Y2FtcGFpZ25faWQ9MzkmZW1jPWVkaXRfdHlfMjAyMjEwMzEmaW5zdGFuY2VfaWQ9NzYxMzUmbmw9b3Bpbmlvbi10b2RheSZyZWdpX2lkPTc3Njc0OTUyJnNlZ21lbnRfaWQ9MTExNTgxJnRlPTEmdXNlcl9pZD1hYTQ5MWVmN2YxZDk2NGU0OTc5ZmI3ODRlNzRlMDFkN1cDbnl0QgpjTsq6X2Pv7SgjUht0cmlzdHJhbWJhbGR3aW45MEBnbWFpbC5jb21YBAAAAAA~), Linda Greenhouse, who reported on the Supreme Court for The Times from 1978 to 2008, casts the upcoming oral arguments as evidence that the meaning of Brown v. Board of Education continues to be debated. Renu Mukherjee, a policy analyst at the Manhattan Institute, [writes](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRlQj_KP4QLAWh0dHBzOi8vd3d3Lm55dGltZXMuY29tLzIwMjIvMTAvMzAvb3Bpbmlvbi9hZmZpcm1hdGl2ZS1hY3Rpb24taGFydmFyZC11bmMtc3VwcmVtZS1jb3VydC5odG1sP2NhbXBhaWduX2lkPTM5JmVtYz1lZGl0X3R5XzIwMjIxMDMxJmluc3RhbmNlX2lkPTc2MTM1Jm5sPW9waW5pb24tdG9kYXkmcmVnaV9pZD03NzY3NDk1MiZzZWFyY2hSZXN1bHRQb3NpdGlvbj0xJnNlZ21lbnRfaWQ9MTExNTgxJnRlPTEmdXNlcl9pZD1hYTQ5MWVmN2YxZDk2NGU0OTc5ZmI3ODRlNzRlMDFkN1cDbnl0QgpjTsq6X2Pv7SgjUht0cmlzdHJhbWJhbGR3aW45MEBnbWFpbC5jb21YBAAAAAA~) from a more personal perspective, challenging the assumption that affirmative action has advanced diversity on campus. Ms. Mukherjee argues for the efficacy of race-neutral alternatives and uses her own story as an example of the kind of diversity not currently recognized by race-conscious admissions programs. These guest essays offer a critical way to understand more than just the future of higher education in America; they are, like the Dobbs case that overturned Roe v. Wade, a way of seeing into the future of the Supreme Court and our country. [Guest Essay Affirmative Action Is Wrong. There’s a Better Way to Make Campuses Diverse. Race-neutral admissions policies can help further a more multifaceted diversity on America’s college campuses. By Renu Mukherjee](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRlQj_KP0T0aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMi8xMC8zMC9vcGluaW9uL2FmZmlybWF0aXZlLWFjdGlvbi1oYXJ2YXJkLXVuYy1zdXByZW1lLWNvdXJ0Lmh0bWw_Y2FtcGFpZ25faWQ9MzkmZW1jPWVkaXRfdHlfMjAyMjEwMzEmaW5zdGFuY2VfaWQ9NzYxMzUmbmw9b3Bpbmlvbi10b2RheSZyZWdpX2lkPTc3Njc0OTUyJnNlZ21lbnRfaWQ9MTExNTgxJnRlPTEmdXNlcl9pZD1hYTQ5MWVmN2YxZDk2NGU0OTc5ZmI3ODRlNzRlMDFkN1cDbnl0QgpjTsq6X2Pv7SgjUht0cmlzdHJhbWJhbGR3aW45MEBnbWFpbC5jb21YBAAAAAA~) [Article Image](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRlQj_KP0T0aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMi8xMC8zMC9vcGluaW9uL2FmZmlybWF0aXZlLWFjdGlvbi1oYXJ2YXJkLXVuYy1zdXByZW1lLWNvdXJ0Lmh0bWw_Y2FtcGFpZ25faWQ9MzkmZW1jPWVkaXRfdHlfMjAyMjEwMzEmaW5zdGFuY2VfaWQ9NzYxMzUmbmw9b3Bpbmlvbi10b2RheSZyZWdpX2lkPTc3Njc0OTUyJnNlZ21lbnRfaWQ9MTExNTgxJnRlPTEmdXNlcl9pZD1hYTQ5MWVmN2YxZDk2NGU0OTc5ZmI3ODRlNzRlMDFkN1cDbnl0QgpjTsq6X2Pv7SgjUht0cmlzdHJhbWJhbGR3aW45MEBnbWFpbC5jb21YBAAAAAA~) [Guest Essay On Affirmative Action, What Once Seemed Unthinkable Might Become Real Should diversity still be considered the compelling interest in college admissions that the court said it was in 1978? By Linda Greenhouse](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRlQj_KP0ToaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMi8xMC8yOC9vcGluaW9uL2FmZmlybWF0aXZlLWFjdGlvbi1zdXByZW1lLWNvdXJ0Lmh0bWw_Y2FtcGFpZ25faWQ9MzkmZW1jPWVkaXRfdHlfMjAyMjEwMzEmaW5zdGFuY2VfaWQ9NzYxMzUmbmw9b3Bpbmlvbi10b2RheSZyZWdpX2lkPTc3Njc0OTUyJnNlZ21lbnRfaWQ9MTExNTgxJnRlPTEmdXNlcl9pZD1hYTQ5MWVmN2YxZDk2NGU0OTc5ZmI3ODRlNzRlMDFkN1cDbnl0QgpjTsq6X2Pv7SgjUht0cmlzdHJhbWJhbGR3aW45MEBnbWFpbC5jb21YBAAAAAA~) [Article Image](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRlQj_KP0ToaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMi8xMC8yOC9vcGluaW9uL2FmZmlybWF0aXZlLWFjdGlvbi1zdXByZW1lLWNvdXJ0Lmh0bWw_Y2FtcGFpZ25faWQ9MzkmZW1jPWVkaXRfdHlfMjAyMjEwMzEmaW5zdGFuY2VfaWQ9NzYxMzUmbmw9b3Bpbmlvbi10b2RheSZyZWdpX2lkPTc3Njc0OTUyJnNlZ21lbnRfaWQ9MTExNTgxJnRlPTEmdXNlcl9pZD1hYTQ5MWVmN2YxZDk2NGU0OTc5ZmI3ODRlNzRlMDFkN1cDbnl0QgpjTsq6X2Pv7SgjUht0cmlzdHJhbWJhbGR3aW45MEBnbWFpbC5jb21YBAAAAAA~) [Guest Essay Think Affirmative Action Is Dead? Think Again. 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By Justin Driver](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRlQj_KP0TxaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMi8xMC8yNi9vcGluaW9uL3N1cHJlbWUtY291cnQtY2FzZS1mb3ItYWZmaXJtYXRpdmUtYWN0aW9uLmh0bWw_Y2FtcGFpZ25faWQ9MzkmZW1jPWVkaXRfdHlfMjAyMjEwMzEmaW5zdGFuY2VfaWQ9NzYxMzUmbmw9b3Bpbmlvbi10b2RheSZyZWdpX2lkPTc3Njc0OTUyJnNlZ21lbnRfaWQ9MTExNTgxJnRlPTEmdXNlcl9pZD1hYTQ5MWVmN2YxZDk2NGU0OTc5ZmI3ODRlNzRlMDFkN1cDbnl0QgpjTsq6X2Pv7SgjUht0cmlzdHJhbWJhbGR3aW45MEBnbWFpbC5jb21YBAAAAAA~) [Article Image](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRlQj_KP0TxaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMi8xMC8yNi9vcGluaW9uL3N1cHJlbWUtY291cnQtY2FzZS1mb3ItYWZmaXJtYXRpdmUtYWN0aW9uLmh0bWw_Y2FtcGFpZ25faWQ9MzkmZW1jPWVkaXRfdHlfMjAyMjEwMzEmaW5zdGFuY2VfaWQ9NzYxMzUmbmw9b3Bpbmlvbi10b2RheSZyZWdpX2lkPTc3Njc0OTUyJnNlZ21lbnRfaWQ9MTExNTgxJnRlPTEmdXNlcl9pZD1hYTQ5MWVmN2YxZDk2NGU0OTc5ZmI3ODRlNzRlMDFkN1cDbnl0QgpjTsq6X2Pv7SgjUht0cmlzdHJhbWJhbGR3aW45MEBnbWFpbC5jb21YBAAAAAA~) [Continue reading the main story](#a11y-skip-universal-0) ADVERTISEMENT ~/AAAAAQA~/RgRlQj_KP0RsaHR0cHM6Ly9saXZlaW50ZW50Lm5ld3lvcmt0aW1lc2luZm8uY29tL2NsaWNrP3M9NTk3ODUmbGk9VFkmbT1hYTQ5MWVmN2YxZDk2NGU0OTc5ZmI3ODRlNzRlMDFkNyZwPVRZXzIwMjIxMDMxVwNueXRCCmNOyrpfY-_tKCNSG3RyaXN0cmFtYmFsZHdpbjkwQGdtYWlsLmNvbVgEAAAAAA~~ Here’s what we’re focusing on today: Editors’ Picks [The Conversation Will the Whole Political World Become a Crime Scene? 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By Ezra Klein](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRlQj_KP4QHAWh0dHBzOi8vd3d3Lm55dGltZXMuY29tLzIwMjIvMTAvMzAvb3Bpbmlvbi9sZXRzLXByZXRlbmQtZm9yLWEtbWludXRlLXRoYXQtdGhlcmVzLWp1c3QtYmlkZW4tdG8td29ycnktYWJvdXQuaHRtbD9jYW1wYWlnbl9pZD0zOSZlbWM9ZWRpdF90eV8yMDIyMTAzMSZpbnN0YW5jZV9pZD03NjEzNSZubD1vcGluaW9uLXRvZGF5JnJlZ2lfaWQ9Nzc2NzQ5NTImc2VnbWVudF9pZD0xMTE1ODEmdGU9MSZ1c2VyX2lkPWFhNDkxZWY3ZjFkOTY0ZTQ5NzlmYjc4NGU3NGUwMWQ3VwNueXRCCmNOyrpfY-_tKCNSG3RyaXN0cmFtYmFsZHdpbjkwQGdtYWlsLmNvbVgEAAAAAA~~) [Article Image](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRlQj_KP4QHAWh0dHBzOi8vd3d3Lm55dGltZXMuY29tLzIwMjIvMTAvMzAvb3Bpbmlvbi9sZXRzLXByZXRlbmQtZm9yLWEtbWludXRlLXRoYXQtdGhlcmVzLWp1c3QtYmlkZW4tdG8td29ycnktYWJvdXQuaHRtbD9jYW1wYWlnbl9pZD0zOSZlbWM9ZWRpdF90eV8yMDIyMTAzMSZpbnN0YW5jZV9pZD03NjEzNSZubD1vcGluaW9uLXRvZGF5JnJlZ2lfaWQ9Nzc2NzQ5NTImc2VnbWVudF9pZD0xMTE1ODEmdGU9MSZ1c2VyX2lkPWFhNDkxZWY3ZjFkOTY0ZTQ5NzlmYjc4NGU3NGUwMWQ3VwNueXRCCmNOyrpfY-_tKCNSG3RyaXN0cmFtYmFsZHdpbjkwQGdtYWlsLmNvbVgEAAAAAA~~) [Charles M. Blow The Self-Destruction of Ye Corporations have finally, rightfully, said “enough” to Kanye West. But what took them so long? By Charles M. Blow](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRlQj_KP0TiaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMi8xMC8zMC9vcGluaW9uL3RoZS1zZWxmLWRlc3RydWN0aW9uLW9mLXllLmh0bWw_Y2FtcGFpZ25faWQ9MzkmZW1jPWVkaXRfdHlfMjAyMjEwMzEmaW5zdGFuY2VfaWQ9NzYxMzUmbmw9b3Bpbmlvbi10b2RheSZyZWdpX2lkPTc3Njc0OTUyJnNlZ21lbnRfaWQ9MTExNTgxJnRlPTEmdXNlcl9pZD1hYTQ5MWVmN2YxZDk2NGU0OTc5ZmI3ODRlNzRlMDFkN1cDbnl0QgpjTsq6X2Pv7SgjUht0cmlzdHJhbWJhbGR3aW45MEBnbWFpbC5jb21YBAAAAAA~) [Article Image](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRlQj_KP0TiaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMi8xMC8zMC9vcGluaW9uL3RoZS1zZWxmLWRlc3RydWN0aW9uLW9mLXllLmh0bWw_Y2FtcGFpZ25faWQ9MzkmZW1jPWVkaXRfdHlfMjAyMjEwMzEmaW5zdGFuY2VfaWQ9NzYxMzUmbmw9b3Bpbmlvbi10b2RheSZyZWdpX2lkPTc3Njc0OTUyJnNlZ21lbnRfaWQ9MTExNTgxJnRlPTEmdXNlcl9pZD1hYTQ5MWVmN2YxZDk2NGU0OTc5ZmI3ODRlNzRlMDFkN1cDbnl0QgpjTsq6X2Pv7SgjUht0cmlzdHJhbWJhbGR3aW45MEBnbWFpbC5jb21YBAAAAAA~) [Continue reading the main story](#a11y-skip-universal-1) ADVERTISEMENT ~/AAAAAQA~/RgRlQj_KP0RtaHR0cHM6Ly9saXZlaW50ZW50Lm5ld3lvcmt0aW1lc2luZm8uY29tL2NsaWNrP3M9MjAxODEyJmxpPVRZJm09YWE0OTFlZjdmMWQ5NjRlNDk3OWZiNzg0ZTc0ZTAxZDcmcD1UWV8yMDIyMTAzMVcDbnl0QgpjTsq6X2Pv7SgjUht0cmlzdHJhbWJhbGR3aW45MEBnbWFpbC5jb21YBAAAAAA~ Ideas [Guest Essay The Rise of the Republican Apostate Doctors doubting science, former journalists undermining the truth, lawyers attacking the rule of law. This is the new face of the conservative movement. By Andy Kroll](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRlQj_KP0TkaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMi8xMC8zMS9vcGluaW9uL3JlcHVibGljYW4tYXBvc3RhdGUtbWlkdGVybXMuaHRtbD9jYW1wYWlnbl9pZD0zOSZlbWM9ZWRpdF90eV8yMDIyMTAzMSZpbnN0YW5jZV9pZD03NjEzNSZubD1vcGluaW9uLXRvZGF5JnJlZ2lfaWQ9Nzc2NzQ5NTImc2VnbWVudF9pZD0xMTE1ODEmdGU9MSZ1c2VyX2lkPWFhNDkxZWY3ZjFkOTY0ZTQ5NzlmYjc4NGU3NGUwMWQ3VwNueXRCCmNOyrpfY-_tKCNSG3RyaXN0cmFtYmFsZHdpbjkwQGdtYWlsLmNvbVgEAAAAAA~~) [Article Image](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRlQj_KP0TkaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMi8xMC8zMS9vcGluaW9uL3JlcHVibGljYW4tYXBvc3RhdGUtbWlkdGVybXMuaHRtbD9jYW1wYWlnbl9pZD0zOSZlbWM9ZWRpdF90eV8yMDIyMTAzMSZpbnN0YW5jZV9pZD03NjEzNSZubD1vcGluaW9uLXRvZGF5JnJlZ2lfaWQ9Nzc2NzQ5NTImc2VnbWVudF9pZD0xMTE1ODEmdGU9MSZ1c2VyX2lkPWFhNDkxZWY3ZjFkOTY0ZTQ5NzlmYjc4NGU3NGUwMWQ3VwNueXRCCmNOyrpfY-_tKCNSG3RyaXN0cmFtYmFsZHdpbjkwQGdtYWlsLmNvbVgEAAAAAA~~) [Guest Essay How Did a Dolphin, a Porpoise, and Two Men Get Bird Flu? Viral Chatter. One-off infections are still meaningful. By David Quammen](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRlQj_KP0TeaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMi8xMC8zMS9vcGluaW9uL3ZpcmFsLWNoYXR0ZXItYmlyZC1mbHUuaHRtbD9jYW1wYWlnbl9pZD0zOSZlbWM9ZWRpdF90eV8yMDIyMTAzMSZpbnN0YW5jZV9pZD03NjEzNSZubD1vcGluaW9uLXRvZGF5JnJlZ2lfaWQ9Nzc2NzQ5NTImc2VnbWVudF9pZD0xMTE1ODEmdGU9MSZ1c2VyX2lkPWFhNDkxZWY3ZjFkOTY0ZTQ5NzlmYjc4NGU3NGUwMWQ3VwNueXRCCmNOyrpfY-_tKCNSG3RyaXN0cmFtYmFsZHdpbjkwQGdtYWlsLmNvbVgEAAAAAA~~) [Article Image](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRlQj_KP0TeaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMi8xMC8zMS9vcGluaW9uL3ZpcmFsLWNoYXR0ZXItYmlyZC1mbHUuaHRtbD9jYW1wYWlnbl9pZD0zOSZlbWM9ZWRpdF90eV8yMDIyMTAzMSZpbnN0YW5jZV9pZD03NjEzNSZubD1vcGluaW9uLXRvZGF5JnJlZ2lfaWQ9Nzc2NzQ5NTImc2VnbWVudF9pZD0xMTE1ODEmdGU9MSZ1c2VyX2lkPWFhNDkxZWY3ZjFkOTY0ZTQ5NzlmYjc4NGU3NGUwMWQ3VwNueXRCCmNOyrpfY-_tKCNSG3RyaXN0cmFtYmFsZHdpbjkwQGdtYWlsLmNvbVgEAAAAAA~~) [Guest Essay {NAME} Lee Is One of Those Artists Who Teach Us to See His photos of the American South are neither exploitative nor prescriptive. They are collaborative. By Margaret Renkl](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRlQj_KP0TtaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMi8xMC8zMS9vcGluaW9uL2JhbGR3aW4tbGVlLXBob3RvZ3JhcGh5LWJsYWNrLWFtZXJpY2EuaHRtbD9jYW1wYWlnbl9pZD0zOSZlbWM9ZWRpdF90eV8yMDIyMTAzMSZpbnN0YW5jZV9pZD03NjEzNSZubD1vcGluaW9uLXRvZGF5JnJlZ2lfaWQ9Nzc2NzQ5NTImc2VnbWVudF9pZD0xMTE1ODEmdGU9MSZ1c2VyX2lkPWFhNDkxZWY3ZjFkOTY0ZTQ5NzlmYjc4NGU3NGUwMWQ3VwNueXRCCmNOyrpfY-_tKCNSG3RyaXN0cmFtYmFsZHdpbjkwQGdtYWlsLmNvbVgEAAAAAA~~) [Article Image](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRlQj_KP0TtaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMi8xMC8zMS9vcGluaW9uL2JhbGR3aW4tbGVlLXBob3RvZ3JhcGh5LWJsYWNrLWFtZXJpY2EuaHRtbD9jYW1wYWlnbl9pZD0zOSZlbWM9ZWRpdF90eV8yMDIyMTAzMSZpbnN0YW5jZV9pZD03NjEzNSZubD1vcGluaW9uLXRvZGF5JnJlZ2lfaWQ9Nzc2NzQ5NTImc2VnbWVudF9pZD0xMTE1ODEmdGU9MSZ1c2VyX2lkPWFhNDkxZWY3ZjFkOTY0ZTQ5NzlmYjc4NGU3NGUwMWQ3VwNueXRCCmNOyrpfY-_tKCNSG3RyaXN0cmFtYmFsZHdpbjkwQGdtYWlsLmNvbVgEAAAAAA~~) [Guest Essay Halloween Is for Heroes, Not Ghosts Halloween was meant to be a day set aside to remember the saints. By Esau McCaulley](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRlQj_KP0TfaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMi8xMC8zMC9vcGluaW9uL2hhbGxvd2Vlbi1zYWludHMtaGVyb2VzLmh0bWw_Y2FtcGFpZ25faWQ9MzkmZW1jPWVkaXRfdHlfMjAyMjEwMzEmaW5zdGFuY2VfaWQ9NzYxMzUmbmw9b3Bpbmlvbi10b2RheSZyZWdpX2lkPTc3Njc0OTUyJnNlZ21lbnRfaWQ9MTExNTgxJnRlPTEmdXNlcl9pZD1hYTQ5MWVmN2YxZDk2NGU0OTc5ZmI3ODRlNzRlMDFkN1cDbnl0QgpjTsq6X2Pv7SgjUht0cmlzdHJhbWJhbGR3aW45MEBnbWFpbC5jb21YBAAAAAA~) [Article Image](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRlQj_KP0TfaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMi8xMC8zMC9vcGluaW9uL2hhbGxvd2Vlbi1zYWludHMtaGVyb2VzLmh0bWw_Y2FtcGFpZ25faWQ9MzkmZW1jPWVkaXRfdHlfMjAyMjEwMzEmaW5zdGFuY2VfaWQ9NzYxMzUmbmw9b3Bpbmlvbi10b2RheSZyZWdpX2lkPTc3Njc0OTUyJnNlZ21lbnRfaWQ9MTExNTgxJnRlPTEmdXNlcl9pZD1hYTQ5MWVmN2YxZDk2NGU0OTc5ZmI3ODRlNzRlMDFkN1cDbnl0QgpjTsq6X2Pv7SgjUht0cmlzdHJhbWJhbGR3aW45MEBnbWFpbC5jb21YBAAAAAA~) [Guest Essay A Plea for Making Virus Research Safer A way forward for lab safety. By Jesse Bloom](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRlQj_KP0TXaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMi8xMC8zMC9vcGluaW9uL3Zpcm9sb2d5LXNhZmV0eS5odG1sP2NhbXBhaWduX2lkPTM5JmVtYz1lZGl0X3R5XzIwMjIxMDMxJmluc3RhbmNlX2lkPTc2MTM1Jm5sPW9waW5pb24tdG9kYXkmcmVnaV9pZD03NzY3NDk1MiZzZWdtZW50X2lkPTExMTU4MSZ0ZT0xJnVzZXJfaWQ9YWE0OTFlZjdmMWQ5NjRlNDk3OWZiNzg0ZTc0ZTAxZDdXA255dEIKY07Kul9j7-0oI1IbdHJpc3RyYW1iYWxkd2luOTBAZ21haWwuY29tWAQAAAAA) [Article Image](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRlQj_KP0TXaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMi8xMC8zMC9vcGluaW9uL3Zpcm9sb2d5LXNhZmV0eS5odG1sP2NhbXBhaWduX2lkPTM5JmVtYz1lZGl0X3R5XzIwMjIxMDMxJmluc3RhbmNlX2lkPTc2MTM1Jm5sPW9waW5pb24tdG9kYXkmcmVnaV9pZD03NzY3NDk1MiZzZWdtZW50X2lkPTExMTU4MSZ0ZT0xJnVzZXJfaWQ9YWE0OTFlZjdmMWQ5NjRlNDk3OWZiNzg0ZTc0ZTAxZDdXA255dEIKY07Kul9j7-0oI1IbdHJpc3RyYW1iYWxkd2luOTBAZ21haWwuY29tWAQAAAAA) [Pamela Paul The Season of Dark Academia The literary genre of “dark academia” may now be less dark than actual academia. By Pamela Paul](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRlQj_KP0TfaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMi8xMC8zMC9vcGluaW9uL2RhcmstYWNhZGVtaWEtaGFsbG93ZWVuLmh0bWw_Y2FtcGFpZ25faWQ9MzkmZW1jPWVkaXRfdHlfMjAyMjEwMzEmaW5zdGFuY2VfaWQ9NzYxMzUmbmw9b3Bpbmlvbi10b2RheSZyZWdpX2lkPTc3Njc0OTUyJnNlZ21lbnRfaWQ9MTExNTgxJnRlPTEmdXNlcl9pZD1hYTQ5MWVmN2YxZDk2NGU0OTc5ZmI3ODRlNzRlMDFkN1cDbnl0QgpjTsq6X2Pv7SgjUht0cmlzdHJhbWJhbGR3aW45MEBnbWFpbC5jb21YBAAAAAA~) [Article Image](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRlQj_KP0TfaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMi8xMC8zMC9vcGluaW9uL2RhcmstYWNhZGVtaWEtaGFsbG93ZWVuLmh0bWw_Y2FtcGFpZ25faWQ9MzkmZW1jPWVkaXRfdHlfMjAyMjEwMzEmaW5zdGFuY2VfaWQ9NzYxMzUmbmw9b3Bpbmlvbi10b2RheSZyZWdpX2lkPTc3Njc0OTUyJnNlZ21lbnRfaWQ9MTExNTgxJnRlPTEmdXNlcl9pZD1hYTQ5MWVmN2YxZDk2NGU0OTc5ZmI3ODRlNzRlMDFkN1cDbnl0QgpjTsq6X2Pv7SgjUht0cmlzdHJhbWJhbGR3aW45MEBnbWFpbC5jb21YBAAAAAA~) [Guest Essay We Need to Rethink How to Adapt to the Climate Crisis What we’re doing now is not early enough. By Katharine Mach and Galen Treuer](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRlQj_KP0TlaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMi8xMC8zMC9vcGluaW9uL2h1cnJpY2FuZXMtY2xpbWF0ZS1hZGFwdGF0aW9uLmh0bWw_Y2FtcGFpZ25faWQ9MzkmZW1jPWVkaXRfdHlfMjAyMjEwMzEmaW5zdGFuY2VfaWQ9NzYxMzUmbmw9b3Bpbmlvbi10b2RheSZyZWdpX2lkPTc3Njc0OTUyJnNlZ21lbnRfaWQ9MTExNTgxJnRlPTEmdXNlcl9pZD1hYTQ5MWVmN2YxZDk2NGU0OTc5ZmI3ODRlNzRlMDFkN1cDbnl0QgpjTsq6X2Pv7SgjUht0cmlzdHJhbWJhbGR3aW45MEBnbWFpbC5jb21YBAAAAAA~) [Article Image](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRlQj_KP0TlaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMi8xMC8zMC9vcGluaW9uL2h1cnJpY2FuZXMtY2xpbWF0ZS1hZGFwdGF0aW9uLmh0bWw_Y2FtcGFpZ25faWQ9MzkmZW1jPWVkaXRfdHlfMjAyMjEwMzEmaW5zdGFuY2VfaWQ9NzYxMzUmbmw9b3Bpbmlvbi10b2RheSZyZWdpX2lkPTc3Njc0OTUyJnNlZ21lbnRfaWQ9MTExNTgxJnRlPTEmdXNlcl9pZD1hYTQ5MWVmN2YxZDk2NGU0OTc5ZmI3ODRlNzRlMDFkN1cDbnl0QgpjTsq6X2Pv7SgjUht0cmlzdHJhbWJhbGR3aW45MEBnbWFpbC5jb21YBAAAAAA~) [Continue reading the main story](#a11y-skip-universal-2) ADVERTISEMENT ~/AAAAAQA~/RgRlQj_KP0RtaHR0cHM6Ly9saXZlaW50ZW50Lm5ld3lvcmt0aW1lc2luZm8uY29tL2NsaWNrP3M9NzI2NTM3JmxpPVRZJm09YWE0OTFlZjdmMWQ5NjRlNDk3OWZiNzg0ZTc0ZTAxZDcmcD1UWV8yMDIyMTAzMVcDbnl0QgpjTsq6X2Pv7SgjUht0cmlzdHJhbWJhbGR3aW45MEBnbWFpbC5jb21YBAAAAAA~ What You’re Saying [letters Helping Teens Struggling With Mental Health Issues “We’ve never needed to learn to listen to young people more than today,” a reader writes. Also: Downwardly mobile in America; the spread of disinformation.](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRlQj_KP0TjaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMi8xMC8zMC9vcGluaW9uL2xldHRlcnMvbWVudGFsLWhlYWx0aC10ZWVucy5odG1sP2NhbXBhaWduX2lkPTM5JmVtYz1lZGl0X3R5XzIwMjIxMDMxJmluc3RhbmNlX2lkPTc2MTM1Jm5sPW9waW5pb24tdG9kYXkmcmVnaV9pZD03NzY3NDk1MiZzZWdtZW50X2lkPTExMTU4MSZ0ZT0xJnVzZXJfaWQ9YWE0OTFlZjdmMWQ5NjRlNDk3OWZiNzg0ZTc0ZTAxZDdXA255dEIKY07Kul9j7-0oI1IbdHJpc3RyYW1iYWxkd2luOTBAZ21haWwuY29tWAQAAAAA) [Article Image](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRlQj_KP0TjaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMi8xMC8zMC9vcGluaW9uL2xldHRlcnMvbWVudGFsLWhlYWx0aC10ZWVucy5odG1sP2NhbXBhaWduX2lkPTM5JmVtYz1lZGl0X3R5XzIwMjIxMDMxJmluc3RhbmNlX2lkPTc2MTM1Jm5sPW9waW5pb24tdG9kYXkmcmVnaV9pZD03NzY3NDk1MiZzZWdtZW50X2lkPTExMTU4MSZ0ZT0xJnVzZXJfaWQ9YWE0OTFlZjdmMWQ5NjRlNDk3OWZiNzg0ZTc0ZTAxZDdXA255dEIKY07Kul9j7-0oI1IbdHJpc3RyYW1iYWxkd2luOTBAZ21haWwuY29tWAQAAAAA) [After a Professor’s Firing, College Students and Professors Weigh in on the New Landscape of Higher Ed “The current generation expects more.” By Rachel L. 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