Opinion Today: How teachers teach makes all the difference

There’s been a lot of debate about what children learn in school. But that’s not all that matters. [View in browser](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRlDtN3P4QoAWh0dHBzOi8vbWVzc2FnaW5nLWN1c3RvbS1uZXdzbGV0dGVycy5ueXRpbWVzLmNvbS90ZW1wbGF0ZS9vYWt2Mj9jYW1wYWlnbl9pZD0zOSZlbWM9ZWRpdF90eV8yMDIyMDkyMiZpbnN0YW5jZV9pZD03MjYyNCZubD1vcGluaW9uLXRvZGF5JnByb2R1Y3RDb2RlPVRZJnJlZ2lfaWQ9Nzc2NzQ5NTImc2VnbWVudF9pZD0xMDc3ODImdGU9MSZ1cmk9bnl0JTNBJTJGJTJGbmV3c2xldHRlciUyRmRhOGE1MjI1LThmMzMtNTkyMi1hYjgwLTcwMjZkNTRkZmRhMyZ1c2VyX2lkPWFhNDkxZWY3ZjFkOTY0ZTQ5NzlmYjc4NGU3NGUwMWQ3VwNueXRCCmMid04sYxXouttSG3RyaXN0cmFtYmFsZHdpbjkwQGdtYWlsLmNvbVgEAAAAAA~~)|[nytimes.com](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRlDtN3P0SwaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vP2NhbXBhaWduX2lkPTM5JmVtYz1lZGl0X3R5XzIwMjIwOTIyJmluc3RhbmNlX2lkPTcyNjI0Jm5sPW9waW5pb24tdG9kYXkmcmVnaV9pZD03NzY3NDk1MiZzZWdtZW50X2lkPTEwNzc4MiZ0ZT0xJnVzZXJfaWQ9YWE0OTFlZjdmMWQ5NjRlNDk3OWZiNzg0ZTc0ZTAxZDdXA255dEIKYyJ3TixjFei621IbdHJpc3RyYW1iYWxkd2luOTBAZ21haWwuY29tWAQAAAAA)[Continue reading the main story](#a11y-skip-ad-marquee) ~/AAAAAQA~/RgRlDtN3P0RtaHR0cHM6Ly9saXZlaW50ZW50Lm5ld3lvcmt0aW1lc2luZm8uY29tL2NsaWNrP3M9MTYyMTM5JmxpPVRZJm09YWE0OTFlZjdmMWQ5NjRlNDk3OWZiNzg0ZTc0ZTAxZDcmcD1UWV8yMDIyMDkyMlcDbnl0QgpjIndOLGMV6LrbUht0cmlzdHJhbWJhbGR3aW45MEBnbWFpbC5jb21YBAAAAAA~ [Read more from Opinion](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRlDtN3P0S_aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vc2VjdGlvbi9vcGluaW9uP2NhbXBhaWduX2lkPTM5JmVtYz1lZGl0X3R5XzIwMjIwOTIyJmluc3RhbmNlX2lkPTcyNjI0Jm5sPW9waW5pb24tdG9kYXkmcmVnaV9pZD03NzY3NDk1MiZzZWdtZW50X2lkPTEwNzc4MiZ0ZT0xJnVzZXJfaWQ9YWE0OTFlZjdmMWQ5NjRlNDk3OWZiNzg0ZTc0ZTAxZDdXA255dEIKYyJ3TixjFei621IbdHJpc3RyYW1iYWxkd2luOTBAZ21haWwuY29tWAQAAAAA) September 22, 2022 [Author Headshot] By Eleanor Barkhorn Editor at Large, Opinion Should an [acclaimed graphic novel about the Holocaust](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRlDtN3P0ToaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMi8wMi8wNy9vcGluaW9uL2N1bHR1cmUvbWF1cy10ZW5uZXNzZWUtYm9vay1iYW5zLmh0bWw_Y2FtcGFpZ25faWQ9MzkmZW1jPWVkaXRfdHlfMjAyMjA5MjImaW5zdGFuY2VfaWQ9NzI2MjQmbmw9b3Bpbmlvbi10b2RheSZyZWdpX2lkPTc3Njc0OTUyJnNlZ21lbnRfaWQ9MTA3NzgyJnRlPTEmdXNlcl9pZD1hYTQ5MWVmN2YxZDk2NGU0OTc5ZmI3ODRlNzRlMDFkN1cDbnl0QgpjIndOLGMV6LrbUht0cmlzdHJhbWJhbGR3aW45MEBnbWFpbC5jb21YBAAAAAA~) be on a public school reading list? What should students learn about American [history](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRlDtN3P0TqaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMS8wNy8xMC9vcGluaW9uL3N1bmRheS9oaXN0b3J5LWVkdWNhdGlvbi1wYXRyaW90aWMuaHRtbD9jYW1wYWlnbl9pZD0zOSZlbWM9ZWRpdF90eV8yMDIyMDkyMiZpbnN0YW5jZV9pZD03MjYyNCZubD1vcGluaW9uLXRvZGF5JnJlZ2lfaWQ9Nzc2NzQ5NTImc2VnbWVudF9pZD0xMDc3ODImdGU9MSZ1c2VyX2lkPWFhNDkxZWY3ZjFkOTY0ZTQ5NzlmYjc4NGU3NGUwMWQ3VwNueXRCCmMid04sYxXouttSG3RyaXN0cmFtYmFsZHdpbjkwQGdtYWlsLmNvbVgEAAAAAA~~), [about human sexuality, about gender](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRlDtN3P0TdaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMi8wOS8wMS9vcGluaW9uL3VzLXNjaG9vbC1jaXRpemVuc2hpcC5odG1sP2NhbXBhaWduX2lkPTM5JmVtYz1lZGl0X3R5XzIwMjIwOTIyJmluc3RhbmNlX2lkPTcyNjI0Jm5sPW9waW5pb24tdG9kYXkmcmVnaV9pZD03NzY3NDk1MiZzZWdtZW50X2lkPTEwNzc4MiZ0ZT0xJnVzZXJfaWQ9YWE0OTFlZjdmMWQ5NjRlNDk3OWZiNzg0ZTc0ZTAxZDdXA255dEIKYyJ3TixjFei621IbdHJpc3RyYW1iYWxkd2luOTBAZ21haWwuY29tWAQAAAAA)? I’ve been following the raging debates in the United States about what students should learn. And I’ve been continually struck by how they seem to betray an incomplete understanding of what happens in schools. Yes, curriculum matters. But students are not empty vessels waiting to be filled with whatever information their teachers happen to dispense. Students are curious. They read the news and absorb social media and watch TV on their own time. They can sniff out when a narrative they are being taught in school doesn’t tell the whole story. So I was thrilled when Esau McCaulley, a contributing Opinion writer, told me he wanted to write about the [essential role teachers play](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRlDtN3P0TfaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMi8wOS8yMS9vcGluaW9uL3NjaG9vbC10ZWFjaGVycy1xdWFsaXR5Lmh0bWw_Y2FtcGFpZ25faWQ9MzkmZW1jPWVkaXRfdHlfMjAyMjA5MjImaW5zdGFuY2VfaWQ9NzI2MjQmbmw9b3Bpbmlvbi10b2RheSZyZWdpX2lkPTc3Njc0OTUyJnNlZ21lbnRfaWQ9MTA3NzgyJnRlPTEmdXNlcl9pZD1hYTQ5MWVmN2YxZDk2NGU0OTc5ZmI3ODRlNzRlMDFkN1cDbnl0QgpjIndOLGMV6LrbUht0cmlzdHJhbWJhbGR3aW45MEBnbWFpbC5jb21YBAAAAAA~) not only in relaying a particular curriculum to their students but also in showing them how to think and talk critically about what they are learning. A core skill of a good teacher, he writes, is the “ability to hold fair and stirring conversation.” He recounts several teachers from his school days who, as he puts it, “forced us to have opinions and defend them.” Those teachers inspired McCaulley so deeply that he became a teacher himself, first on the high school level and now for college students. “It is my job and the work of every teacher to form this group of individuals into a community of inquiry,” he writes. He makes a strong case that everyone engaged in the conversation about what students learn should be equally engaged in the question of how teachers teach. [Read the full guest essay](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRlDtN3P0TfaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMi8wOS8yMS9vcGluaW9uL3NjaG9vbC10ZWFjaGVycy1xdWFsaXR5Lmh0bWw_Y2FtcGFpZ25faWQ9MzkmZW1jPWVkaXRfdHlfMjAyMjA5MjImaW5zdGFuY2VfaWQ9NzI2MjQmbmw9b3Bpbmlvbi10b2RheSZyZWdpX2lkPTc3Njc0OTUyJnNlZ21lbnRfaWQ9MTA3NzgyJnRlPTEmdXNlcl9pZD1hYTQ5MWVmN2YxZDk2NGU0OTc5ZmI3ODRlNzRlMDFkN1cDbnl0QgpjIndOLGMV6LrbUht0cmlzdHJhbWJhbGR3aW45MEBnbWFpbC5jb21YBAAAAAA~). [[Article Image] Gabriela Bhaskar/The New York Times](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRlDtN3P0TfaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMi8wOS8yMS9vcGluaW9uL3NjaG9vbC10ZWFjaGVycy1xdWFsaXR5Lmh0bWw_Y2FtcGFpZ25faWQ9MzkmZW1jPWVkaXRfdHlfMjAyMjA5MjImaW5zdGFuY2VfaWQ9NzI2MjQmbmw9b3Bpbmlvbi10b2RheSZyZWdpX2lkPTc3Njc0OTUyJnNlZ21lbnRfaWQ9MTA3NzgyJnRlPTEmdXNlcl9pZD1hYTQ5MWVmN2YxZDk2NGU0OTc5ZmI3ODRlNzRlMDFkN1cDbnl0QgpjIndOLGMV6LrbUht0cmlzdHJhbWJhbGR3aW45MEBnbWFpbC5jb21YBAAAAAA~) [Guest Essay What Mrs. Bailey Taught Me in A.P. History Changed My Life In the midst of a debate about the content being presented in America’s schools, the equally pressing issue of how teachers teach is in danger of being lost. By Esau McCaulley](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRlDtN3P0TfaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMi8wOS8yMS9vcGluaW9uL3NjaG9vbC10ZWFjaGVycy1xdWFsaXR5Lmh0bWw_Y2FtcGFpZ25faWQ9MzkmZW1jPWVkaXRfdHlfMjAyMjA5MjImaW5zdGFuY2VfaWQ9NzI2MjQmbmw9b3Bpbmlvbi10b2RheSZyZWdpX2lkPTc3Njc0OTUyJnNlZ21lbnRfaWQ9MTA3NzgyJnRlPTEmdXNlcl9pZD1hYTQ5MWVmN2YxZDk2NGU0OTc5ZmI3ODRlNzRlMDFkN1cDbnl0QgpjIndOLGMV6LrbUht0cmlzdHJhbWJhbGR3aW45MEBnbWFpbC5jb21YBAAAAAA~) [Continue reading the main story](#a11y-skip-universal-0) ADVERTISEMENT ~/AAAAAQA~/RgRlDtN3P0RsaHR0cHM6Ly9saXZlaW50ZW50Lm5ld3lvcmt0aW1lc2luZm8uY29tL2NsaWNrP3M9NTk3ODUmbGk9VFkmbT1hYTQ5MWVmN2YxZDk2NGU0OTc5ZmI3ODRlNzRlMDFkNyZwPVRZXzIwMjIwOTIyVwNueXRCCmMid04sYxXouttSG3RyaXN0cmFtYmFsZHdpbjkwQGdtYWlsLmNvbVgEAAAAAA~~ Here’s what we’re focusing on today: Editors’ Picks [Carlos Lozada The Inside Joke That Became Trump’s Big Lie The lie that Trump won the 2020 election has grown so powerful because it is yoked to an older deception: the idea that American politics is a joke. 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By Jessica Grose](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRlDtN3P0TgaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMi8wOS8yMS9vcGluaW9uL21pZHRlcm1zLXNjaG9vbHMtcGFyZW50cy5odG1sP2NhbXBhaWduX2lkPTM5JmVtYz1lZGl0X3R5XzIwMjIwOTIyJmluc3RhbmNlX2lkPTcyNjI0Jm5sPW9waW5pb24tdG9kYXkmcmVnaV9pZD03NzY3NDk1MiZzZWdtZW50X2lkPTEwNzc4MiZ0ZT0xJnVzZXJfaWQ9YWE0OTFlZjdmMWQ5NjRlNDk3OWZiNzg0ZTc0ZTAxZDdXA255dEIKYyJ3TixjFei621IbdHJpc3RyYW1iYWxkd2luOTBAZ21haWwuY29tWAQAAAAA) [Article Image](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRlDtN3P0TgaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMi8wOS8yMS9vcGluaW9uL21pZHRlcm1zLXNjaG9vbHMtcGFyZW50cy5odG1sP2NhbXBhaWduX2lkPTM5JmVtYz1lZGl0X3R5XzIwMjIwOTIyJmluc3RhbmNlX2lkPTcyNjI0Jm5sPW9waW5pb24tdG9kYXkmcmVnaV9pZD03NzY3NDk1MiZzZWdtZW50X2lkPTEwNzc4MiZ0ZT0xJnVzZXJfaWQ9YWE0OTFlZjdmMWQ5NjRlNDk3OWZiNzg0ZTc0ZTAxZDdXA255dEIKYyJ3TixjFei621IbdHJpc3RyYW1iYWxkd2luOTBAZ21haWwuY29tWAQAAAAA) Ideas [David Wallace-Wells How Big Were Pandemic Learning Losses, Really? Despite the Covid disruption, school test score declines look pretty modest. By David Wallace-Wells](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRlDtN3P0TeaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMi8wOS8yMS9vcGluaW9uL3BhbmRlbWljLWxlYXJuaW5nLWxvc3MuaHRtbD9jYW1wYWlnbl9pZD0zOSZlbWM9ZWRpdF90eV8yMDIyMDkyMiZpbnN0YW5jZV9pZD03MjYyNCZubD1vcGluaW9uLXRvZGF5JnJlZ2lfaWQ9Nzc2NzQ5NTImc2VnbWVudF9pZD0xMDc3ODImdGU9MSZ1c2VyX2lkPWFhNDkxZWY3ZjFkOTY0ZTQ5NzlmYjc4NGU3NGUwMWQ3VwNueXRCCmMid04sYxXouttSG3RyaXN0cmFtYmFsZHdpbjkwQGdtYWlsLmNvbVgEAAAAAA~~) [Article Image](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRlDtN3P0TeaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMi8wOS8yMS9vcGluaW9uL3BhbmRlbWljLWxlYXJuaW5nLWxvc3MuaHRtbD9jYW1wYWlnbl9pZD0zOSZlbWM9ZWRpdF90eV8yMDIyMDkyMiZpbnN0YW5jZV9pZD03MjYyNCZubD1vcGluaW9uLXRvZGF5JnJlZ2lfaWQ9Nzc2NzQ5NTImc2VnbWVudF9pZD0xMDc3ODImdGU9MSZ1c2VyX2lkPWFhNDkxZWY3ZjFkOTY0ZTQ5NzlmYjc4NGU3NGUwMWQ3VwNueXRCCmMid04sYxXouttSG3RyaXN0cmFtYmFsZHdpbjkwQGdtYWlsLmNvbVgEAAAAAA~~) [Guest Essay The Psychic Trauma of Being Queer in Singapore In a connected global city, queers see progress only from a distance. By Joel Tan](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRlDtN3P0TpaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMi8wOS8yMi9vcGluaW9uL2ludGVybmF0aW9uYWwtd29ybGQvc2luZ2Fwb3JlLWdheS5odG1sP2NhbXBhaWduX2lkPTM5JmVtYz1lZGl0X3R5XzIwMjIwOTIyJmluc3RhbmNlX2lkPTcyNjI0Jm5sPW9waW5pb24tdG9kYXkmcmVnaV9pZD03NzY3NDk1MiZzZWdtZW50X2lkPTEwNzc4MiZ0ZT0xJnVzZXJfaWQ9YWE0OTFlZjdmMWQ5NjRlNDk3OWZiNzg0ZTc0ZTAxZDdXA255dEIKYyJ3TixjFei621IbdHJpc3RyYW1iYWxkd2luOTBAZ21haWwuY29tWAQAAAAA) [Article Image](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRlDtN3P0TpaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMi8wOS8yMi9vcGluaW9uL2ludGVybmF0aW9uYWwtd29ybGQvc2luZ2Fwb3JlLWdheS5odG1sP2NhbXBhaWduX2lkPTM5JmVtYz1lZGl0X3R5XzIwMjIwOTIyJmluc3RhbmNlX2lkPTcyNjI0Jm5sPW9waW5pb24tdG9kYXkmcmVnaV9pZD03NzY3NDk1MiZzZWdtZW50X2lkPTEwNzc4MiZ0ZT0xJnVzZXJfaWQ9YWE0OTFlZjdmMWQ5NjRlNDk3OWZiNzg0ZTc0ZTAxZDdXA255dEIKYyJ3TixjFei621IbdHJpc3RyYW1iYWxkd2luOTBAZ21haWwuY29tWAQAAAAA) [peter coy The Midlife Crisis Is Very Real and Nothing to Be Laughed At It may be a result of our affluent world. Or it may be biological. By Peter Coy](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRlDtN3P0TWaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMi8wOS8yMS9vcGluaW9uL21pZGxpZmUtY3Jpc2lzLmh0bWw_Y2FtcGFpZ25faWQ9MzkmZW1jPWVkaXRfdHlfMjAyMjA5MjImaW5zdGFuY2VfaWQ9NzI2MjQmbmw9b3Bpbmlvbi10b2RheSZyZWdpX2lkPTc3Njc0OTUyJnNlZ21lbnRfaWQ9MTA3NzgyJnRlPTEmdXNlcl9pZD1hYTQ5MWVmN2YxZDk2NGU0OTc5ZmI3ODRlNzRlMDFkN1cDbnl0QgpjIndOLGMV6LrbUht0cmlzdHJhbWJhbGR3aW45MEBnbWFpbC5jb21YBAAAAAA~) [Article Image](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRlDtN3P0TWaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMi8wOS8yMS9vcGluaW9uL21pZGxpZmUtY3Jpc2lzLmh0bWw_Y2FtcGFpZ25faWQ9MzkmZW1jPWVkaXRfdHlfMjAyMjA5MjImaW5zdGFuY2VfaWQ9NzI2MjQmbmw9b3Bpbmlvbi10b2RheSZyZWdpX2lkPTc3Njc0OTUyJnNlZ21lbnRfaWQ9MTA3NzgyJnRlPTEmdXNlcl9pZD1hYTQ5MWVmN2YxZDk2NGU0OTc5ZmI3ODRlNzRlMDFkN1cDbnl0QgpjIndOLGMV6LrbUht0cmlzdHJhbWJhbGR3aW45MEBnbWFpbC5jb21YBAAAAAA~) [Continue reading the main story](#a11y-skip-universal-1) ADVERTISEMENT ~/AAAAAQA~/RgRlDtN3P0RtaHR0cHM6Ly9saXZlaW50ZW50Lm5ld3lvcmt0aW1lc2luZm8uY29tL2NsaWNrP3M9MjAxODEyJmxpPVRZJm09YWE0OTFlZjdmMWQ5NjRlNDk3OWZiNzg0ZTc0ZTAxZDcmcD1UWV8yMDIyMDkyMlcDbnl0QgpjIndOLGMV6LrbUht0cmlzdHJhbWJhbGR3aW45MEBnbWFpbC5jb21YBAAAAAA~ What You’re Saying [letters Progress on Child Poverty, but ‘Families Are Still Struggling’ A decline in child poverty, but risks ahead. Also: Close Gitmo; Republicans and a new constitution; a second kitchen; going back to the movies.](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRlDtN3P0TdaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMi8wOS8yMS9vcGluaW9uL2xldHRlcnMvY2hpbGQtcG92ZXJ0eS5odG1sP2NhbXBhaWduX2lkPTM5JmVtYz1lZGl0X3R5XzIwMjIwOTIyJmluc3RhbmNlX2lkPTcyNjI0Jm5sPW9waW5pb24tdG9kYXkmcmVnaV9pZD03NzY3NDk1MiZzZWdtZW50X2lkPTEwNzc4MiZ0ZT0xJnVzZXJfaWQ9YWE0OTFlZjdmMWQ5NjRlNDk3OWZiNzg0ZTc0ZTAxZDdXA255dEIKYyJ3TixjFei621IbdHJpc3RyYW1iYWxkd2luOTBAZ21haWwuY29tWAQAAAAA) [Article Image](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRlDtN3P0TdaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMi8wOS8yMS9vcGluaW9uL2xldHRlcnMvY2hpbGQtcG92ZXJ0eS5odG1sP2NhbXBhaWduX2lkPTM5JmVtYz1lZGl0X3R5XzIwMjIwOTIyJmluc3RhbmNlX2lkPTcyNjI0Jm5sPW9waW5pb24tdG9kYXkmcmVnaV9pZD03NzY3NDk1MiZzZWdtZW50X2lkPTEwNzc4MiZ0ZT0xJnVzZXJfaWQ9YWE0OTFlZjdmMWQ5NjRlNDk3OWZiNzg0ZTc0ZTAxZDdXA255dEIKYyJ3TixjFei621IbdHJpc3RyYW1iYWxkd2luOTBAZ21haWwuY29tWAQAAAAA) Subscribe Today New York Times Opinion curates a wide range of views, inviting rich discussion and debate that helps readers analyze the world. 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