Opinion Today: 5 conspiracy theories that Putin has weaponized

The gap between disinformation and state policy has vanished. [View in browser](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRkTQgdP4QnAWh0dHBzOi8vbWVzc2FnaW5nLWN1c3RvbS1uZXdzbGV0dGVycy5ueXRpbWVzLmNvbS90ZW1wbGF0ZS9vYWt2Mj9jYW1wYWlnbl9pZD0zOSZlbWM9ZWRpdF90eV8yMDIyMDQyOCZpbnN0YW5jZV9pZD01OTgzMCZubD1vcGluaW9uLXRvZGF5JnByb2R1Y3RDb2RlPVRZJnJlZ2lfaWQ9Nzc2NzQ5NTImc2VnbWVudF9pZD05MDY0NSZ0ZT0xJnVyaT1ueXQlM0ElMkYlMkZuZXdzbGV0dGVyJTJGNTdhYzc0N2UtNjU1Yy01ODlhLWJlOWItNzdiZTRjMGYxOTdjJnVzZXJfaWQ9YWE0OTFlZjdmMWQ5NjRlNDk3OWZiNzg0ZTc0ZTAxZDdXA255dEIKYmEdg2pizXruLFIbdHJpc3RyYW1iYWxkd2luOTBAZ21haWwuY29tWAQAAAAA)|[nytimes.com](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRkTQgdP0SvaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vP2NhbXBhaWduX2lkPTM5JmVtYz1lZGl0X3R5XzIwMjIwNDI4Jmluc3RhbmNlX2lkPTU5ODMwJm5sPW9waW5pb24tdG9kYXkmcmVnaV9pZD03NzY3NDk1MiZzZWdtZW50X2lkPTkwNjQ1JnRlPTEmdXNlcl9pZD1hYTQ5MWVmN2YxZDk2NGU0OTc5ZmI3ODRlNzRlMDFkN1cDbnl0QgpiYR2DamLNeu4sUht0cmlzdHJhbWJhbGR3aW45MEBnbWFpbC5jb21YBAAAAAA~)[Continue reading the main story](#a11y-skip-ad-marquee) ~/AAAAAQA~/RgRkTQgdP0RtaHR0cHM6Ly9saXZlaW50ZW50Lm5ld3lvcmt0aW1lc2luZm8uY29tL2NsaWNrP3M9MTYyMTM5JmxpPVRZJm09YWE0OTFlZjdmMWQ5NjRlNDk3OWZiNzg0ZTc0ZTAxZDcmcD1UWV8yMDIyMDQyOFcDbnl0QgpiYR2DamLNeu4sUht0cmlzdHJhbWJhbGR3aW45MEBnbWFpbC5jb21YBAAAAAA~ [Read more from Opinion](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRkTQgdP0S-aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vc2VjdGlvbi9vcGluaW9uP2NhbXBhaWduX2lkPTM5JmVtYz1lZGl0X3R5XzIwMjIwNDI4Jmluc3RhbmNlX2lkPTU5ODMwJm5sPW9waW5pb24tdG9kYXkmcmVnaV9pZD03NzY3NDk1MiZzZWdtZW50X2lkPTkwNjQ1JnRlPTEmdXNlcl9pZD1hYTQ5MWVmN2YxZDk2NGU0OTc5ZmI3ODRlNzRlMDFkN1cDbnl0QgpiYR2DamLNeu4sUht0cmlzdHJhbWJhbGR3aW45MEBnbWFpbC5jb21YBAAAAAA~) April 28, 2022 [Author Headshot] By Tim Schneider Staff Editor, Opinion What is Vladimir Putin thinking? The question has been asked — in accusation and wonder, bafflement and belligerence — for much of his tenure. Why did he annex Crimea and intervene in Syria? What led him to crack down on a still marginal opposition? What was going on with the [bear thing](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRkTQgdP4QNAWh0dHBzOi8vd3d3LmJ1c2luZXNzaW5zaWRlci5jb20vcnVzc2lhLXR3ZWV0cy1pbGx1c3RyYXRlZC1waWN0dXJlLW9mLXB1dGluLXdpdGgtYmVhci1vbi1oaXMtYmlydGhkYXktMjAyMS0xMD9JUj1UJmNhbXBhaWduX2lkPTM5JmVtYz1lZGl0X3R5XzIwMjIwNDI4Jmluc3RhbmNlX2lkPTU5ODMwJm5sPW9waW5pb24tdG9kYXkmcj1VUyZyZWdpX2lkPTc3Njc0OTUyJnNlZ21lbnRfaWQ9OTA2NDUmdGU9MSZ1c2VyX2lkPWFhNDkxZWY3ZjFkOTY0ZTQ5NzlmYjc4NGU3NGUwMWQ3VwNueXRCCmJhHYNqYs167ixSG3RyaXN0cmFtYmFsZHdpbjkwQGdtYWlsLmNvbVgEAAAAAA~~)? Dozens of books, articles and podcasts have tried to crack the code. But the Russian president has remained unfathomable, endlessly opaque. With the horrific invasion of Ukraine, apparently undertaken at Putin’s whim, the question has become more urgent than ever. In Opinion, we’ve made our own attempts at answering it — by providing a detailed (and deeply disturbing) account of his [inner circle](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRkTQgdP0TbaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMi8wMy8xMC9vcGluaW9uL3B1dGluLXJ1c3NpYS11a3JhaW5lLmh0bWw_Y2FtcGFpZ25faWQ9MzkmZW1jPWVkaXRfdHlfMjAyMjA0MjgmaW5zdGFuY2VfaWQ9NTk4MzAmbmw9b3Bpbmlvbi10b2RheSZyZWdpX2lkPTc3Njc0OTUyJnNlZ21lbnRfaWQ9OTA2NDUmdGU9MSZ1c2VyX2lkPWFhNDkxZWY3ZjFkOTY0ZTQ5NzlmYjc4NGU3NGUwMWQ3VwNueXRCCmJhHYNqYs167ixSG3RyaXN0cmFtYmFsZHdpbjkwQGdtYWlsLmNvbVgEAAAAAA~~), for example, and digging into his [ideological underpinnings](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRkTQgdP0TnaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMi8wMy8yMi9vcGluaW9uL3J1c3NpYS11a3JhaW5lLXB1dGluLWV1cmFzaWFuaXNtLmh0bWw_Y2FtcGFpZ25faWQ9MzkmZW1jPWVkaXRfdHlfMjAyMjA0MjgmaW5zdGFuY2VfaWQ9NTk4MzAmbmw9b3Bpbmlvbi10b2RheSZyZWdpX2lkPTc3Njc0OTUyJnNlZ21lbnRfaWQ9OTA2NDUmdGU9MSZ1c2VyX2lkPWFhNDkxZWY3ZjFkOTY0ZTQ5NzlmYjc4NGU3NGUwMWQ3VwNueXRCCmJhHYNqYs167ixSG3RyaXN0cmFtYmFsZHdpbjkwQGdtYWlsLmNvbVgEAAAAAA~~). But the question stubbornly persists, all the more unavoidable for being essentially unanswerable. So when [Ilya Yablokov, a historian of Russian media](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRkTQgdP0TnaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMi8wNC8yNS9vcGluaW9uL3B1dGluLXJ1c3NpYS1jb25zcGlyYWN5LXRoZW9yaWVzLmh0bWw_Y2FtcGFpZ25faWQ9MzkmZW1jPWVkaXRfdHlfMjAyMjA0MjgmaW5zdGFuY2VfaWQ9NTk4MzAmbmw9b3Bpbmlvbi10b2RheSZyZWdpX2lkPTc3Njc0OTUyJnNlZ21lbnRfaWQ9OTA2NDUmdGU9MSZ1c2VyX2lkPWFhNDkxZWY3ZjFkOTY0ZTQ5NzlmYjc4NGU3NGUwMWQ3VwNueXRCCmJhHYNqYs167ixSG3RyaXN0cmFtYmFsZHdpbjkwQGdtYWlsLmNvbVgEAAAAAA~~), sent me an email asking whether I’d be “interested in a piece about Putin’s war and conspiracy theories,” I wrote back immediately. Yes, I would. Because perhaps the best way to understand the Kremlin would be to listen to what it — and the media system it controls — was saying. Few are better placed than Yablokov to take that task on. For the last 15 years he’s been immersed in the lurid world of Russian propaganda (work I don’t envy). Adept at parsing the hysterics and distortions and outright lies, he noticed something new. Since the start of the war, the way conspiracy theories functioned in Russia seemed to be changing. [Continue reading the main story](#a11y-skip-0) ADVERTISEMENT ~/AAAAAQA~/RgRkTQgdP0RsaHR0cHM6Ly9saXZlaW50ZW50Lm5ld3lvcmt0aW1lc2luZm8uY29tL2NsaWNrP3M9NTk3ODUmbGk9VFkmbT1hYTQ5MWVmN2YxZDk2NGU0OTc5ZmI3ODRlNzRlMDFkNyZwPVRZXzIwMjIwNDI4VwNueXRCCmJhHYNqYs167ixSG3RyaXN0cmFtYmFsZHdpbjkwQGdtYWlsLmNvbVgEAAAAAA~~ Before, they were tales told by state media and second-rate politicians to gin up public support for the regime. Now, they appear to be directly inspiring the Kremlin’s decisions. “The gap between conspiracy theory and state policy,” as Yablokov puts it, “has closed to a vanishing point.” And Putin, who used to keep his distance from disinformation, is now conspiracist-in-chief, promoting wild theories himself. This is a major shift, and one that sheds light on Putin’s motives. By tracking five theories Russia’s president has endorsed — on NATO, Aleksei Navalny and more — [Yablokov’s essay reveals](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRkTQgdP0TnaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMi8wNC8yNS9vcGluaW9uL3B1dGluLXJ1c3NpYS1jb25zcGlyYWN5LXRoZW9yaWVzLmh0bWw_Y2FtcGFpZ25faWQ9MzkmZW1jPWVkaXRfdHlfMjAyMjA0MjgmaW5zdGFuY2VfaWQ9NTk4MzAmbmw9b3Bpbmlvbi10b2RheSZyZWdpX2lkPTc3Njc0OTUyJnNlZ21lbnRfaWQ9OTA2NDUmdGU9MSZ1c2VyX2lkPWFhNDkxZWY3ZjFkOTY0ZTQ5NzlmYjc4NGU3NGUwMWQ3VwNueXRCCmJhHYNqYs167ixSG3RyaXN0cmFtYmFsZHdpbjkwQGdtYWlsLmNvbVgEAAAAAA~~) the contours of the Kremlin’s calculations. It doesn’t tell us what Putin is thinking, of course. Nothing can. But it gives us a guide, suitably grim, to the present. [Read the full essay here.](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRkTQgdP0TnaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMi8wNC8yNS9vcGluaW9uL3B1dGluLXJ1c3NpYS1jb25zcGlyYWN5LXRoZW9yaWVzLmh0bWw_Y2FtcGFpZ25faWQ9MzkmZW1jPWVkaXRfdHlfMjAyMjA0MjgmaW5zdGFuY2VfaWQ9NTk4MzAmbmw9b3Bpbmlvbi10b2RheSZyZWdpX2lkPTc3Njc0OTUyJnNlZ21lbnRfaWQ9OTA2NDUmdGU9MSZ1c2VyX2lkPWFhNDkxZWY3ZjFkOTY0ZTQ5NzlmYjc4NGU3NGUwMWQ3VwNueXRCCmJhHYNqYs167ixSG3RyaXN0cmFtYmFsZHdpbjkwQGdtYWlsLmNvbVgEAAAAAA~~) Editor’s note: We know you’re busy and weekdays can get hectic. That’s why we’re excited to announce that we’re expanding Opinion Today. Starting this weekend, we’ll be coming to your inbox every Saturday morning, too. During the week, we aim to send you expert analyses and commentary to help you make sense of the news and see cultural moments from fresh vantage points. On Saturdays, we’ll take a step back and share thought-provoking essays and interviews on the big ideas shaping the world when you have a little more time to spend with them. [Continue reading the main story](#a11y-skip-1) ADVERTISEMENT ~/AAAAAQA~/RgRkTQgdP0RtaHR0cHM6Ly9saXZlaW50ZW50Lm5ld3lvcmt0aW1lc2luZm8uY29tL2NsaWNrP3M9MjAxODEyJmxpPVRZJm09YWE0OTFlZjdmMWQ5NjRlNDk3OWZiNzg0ZTc0ZTAxZDcmcD1UWV8yMDIyMDQyOFcDbnl0QgpiYR2DamLNeu4sUht0cmlzdHJhbWJhbGR3aW45MEBnbWFpbC5jb21YBAAAAAA~ [[Article Image] Mladen Antonov/Agence France-Presse -- Getty Images](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRkTQgdP0TnaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMi8wNC8yNS9vcGluaW9uL3B1dGluLXJ1c3NpYS1jb25zcGlyYWN5LXRoZW9yaWVzLmh0bWw_Y2FtcGFpZ25faWQ9MzkmZW1jPWVkaXRfdHlfMjAyMjA0MjgmaW5zdGFuY2VfaWQ9NTk4MzAmbmw9b3Bpbmlvbi10b2RheSZyZWdpX2lkPTc3Njc0OTUyJnNlZ21lbnRfaWQ9OTA2NDUmdGU9MSZ1c2VyX2lkPWFhNDkxZWY3ZjFkOTY0ZTQ5NzlmYjc4NGU3NGUwMWQ3VwNueXRCCmJhHYNqYs167ixSG3RyaXN0cmFtYmFsZHdpbjkwQGdtYWlsLmNvbVgEAAAAAA~~) [Guest Essay The Five Conspiracy Theories That Putin Has Weaponized The gap between conspiracy theory and state policy has vanished. By Ilya Yablokov](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRkTQgdP0TnaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMi8wNC8yNS9vcGluaW9uL3B1dGluLXJ1c3NpYS1jb25zcGlyYWN5LXRoZW9yaWVzLmh0bWw_Y2FtcGFpZ25faWQ9MzkmZW1jPWVkaXRfdHlfMjAyMjA0MjgmaW5zdGFuY2VfaWQ9NTk4MzAmbmw9b3Bpbmlvbi10b2RheSZyZWdpX2lkPTc3Njc0OTUyJnNlZ21lbnRfaWQ9OTA2NDUmdGU9MSZ1c2VyX2lkPWFhNDkxZWY3ZjFkOTY0ZTQ5NzlmYjc4NGU3NGUwMWQ3VwNueXRCCmJhHYNqYs167ixSG3RyaXN0cmFtYmFsZHdpbjkwQGdtYWlsLmNvbVgEAAAAAA~~) Here’s what we’re focusing on today: Editors’ Picks [Pamela Paul Goodbye to You Yes, everyone else is terrible on Twitter. But I left because I was terrible, too. 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Musk says he wants to transform Twitter into “the platform for free speech around the globe.” The reality could look very different. 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By Matt Gross](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRkTQgdP0TwaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMi8wNC8yOC9vcGluaW9uL2N1bHR1cmUvY2hpbGRyZW4tcGFyZW50aW5nLWdvb2QtZGVjaXNpb25zLmh0bWw_Y2FtcGFpZ25faWQ9MzkmZW1jPWVkaXRfdHlfMjAyMjA0MjgmaW5zdGFuY2VfaWQ9NTk4MzAmbmw9b3Bpbmlvbi10b2RheSZyZWdpX2lkPTc3Njc0OTUyJnNlZ21lbnRfaWQ9OTA2NDUmdGU9MSZ1c2VyX2lkPWFhNDkxZWY3ZjFkOTY0ZTQ5NzlmYjc4NGU3NGUwMWQ3VwNueXRCCmJhHYNqYs167ixSG3RyaXN0cmFtYmFsZHdpbjkwQGdtYWlsLmNvbVgEAAAAAA~~) [Article Image](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRkTQgdP0TwaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMi8wNC8yOC9vcGluaW9uL2N1bHR1cmUvY2hpbGRyZW4tcGFyZW50aW5nLWdvb2QtZGVjaXNpb25zLmh0bWw_Y2FtcGFpZ25faWQ9MzkmZW1jPWVkaXRfdHlfMjAyMjA0MjgmaW5zdGFuY2VfaWQ9NTk4MzAmbmw9b3Bpbmlvbi10b2RheSZyZWdpX2lkPTc3Njc0OTUyJnNlZ21lbnRfaWQ9OTA2NDUmdGU9MSZ1c2VyX2lkPWFhNDkxZWY3ZjFkOTY0ZTQ5NzlmYjc4NGU3NGUwMWQ3VwNueXRCCmJhHYNqYs167ixSG3RyaXN0cmFtYmFsZHdpbjkwQGdtYWlsLmNvbVgEAAAAAA~~) [Charles M. Blow The Pandemic Exposed Our Empathy Deficit Hunger, trauma, violence. The pandemic exacerbated all three, and more. By Charles M. Blow](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRkTQgdP0TgaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMi8wNC8yNy9vcGluaW9uL3BhbmRlbWljLWVtcGF0aHktaGFyZHNoaXAuaHRtbD9jYW1wYWlnbl9pZD0zOSZlbWM9ZWRpdF90eV8yMDIyMDQyOCZpbnN0YW5jZV9pZD01OTgzMCZubD1vcGluaW9uLXRvZGF5JnJlZ2lfaWQ9Nzc2NzQ5NTImc2VnbWVudF9pZD05MDY0NSZ0ZT0xJnVzZXJfaWQ9YWE0OTFlZjdmMWQ5NjRlNDk3OWZiNzg0ZTc0ZTAxZDdXA255dEIKYmEdg2pizXruLFIbdHJpc3RyYW1iYWxkd2luOTBAZ21haWwuY29tWAQAAAAA) [Article Image](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRkTQgdP0TgaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMi8wNC8yNy9vcGluaW9uL3BhbmRlbWljLWVtcGF0aHktaGFyZHNoaXAuaHRtbD9jYW1wYWlnbl9pZD0zOSZlbWM9ZWRpdF90eV8yMDIyMDQyOCZpbnN0YW5jZV9pZD01OTgzMCZubD1vcGluaW9uLXRvZGF5JnJlZ2lfaWQ9Nzc2NzQ5NTImc2VnbWVudF9pZD05MDY0NSZ0ZT0xJnVzZXJfaWQ9YWE0OTFlZjdmMWQ5NjRlNDk3OWZiNzg0ZTc0ZTAxZDdXA255dEIKYmEdg2pizXruLFIbdHJpc3RyYW1iYWxkd2luOTBAZ21haWwuY29tWAQAAAAA) [Guest Essay I Blew the Whistle on Facebook. Europe Just Showed Us the Next Step. To make social media less toxic, the United States needs to commit to making digital platforms more transparent. By Frances Haugen](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRkTQgdP0TpaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMi8wNC8yOC9vcGluaW9uL3NvY2lhbC1tZWRpYS1mYWNlYm9vay10cmFuc3BhcmVuY3kuaHRtbD9jYW1wYWlnbl9pZD0zOSZlbWM9ZWRpdF90eV8yMDIyMDQyOCZpbnN0YW5jZV9pZD01OTgzMCZubD1vcGluaW9uLXRvZGF5JnJlZ2lfaWQ9Nzc2NzQ5NTImc2VnbWVudF9pZD05MDY0NSZ0ZT0xJnVzZXJfaWQ9YWE0OTFlZjdmMWQ5NjRlNDk3OWZiNzg0ZTc0ZTAxZDdXA255dEIKYmEdg2pizXruLFIbdHJpc3RyYW1iYWxkd2luOTBAZ21haWwuY29tWAQAAAAA) [Article Image](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRkTQgdP0TpaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMi8wNC8yOC9vcGluaW9uL3NvY2lhbC1tZWRpYS1mYWNlYm9vay10cmFuc3BhcmVuY3kuaHRtbD9jYW1wYWlnbl9pZD0zOSZlbWM9ZWRpdF90eV8yMDIyMDQyOCZpbnN0YW5jZV9pZD01OTgzMCZubD1vcGluaW9uLXRvZGF5JnJlZ2lfaWQ9Nzc2NzQ5NTImc2VnbWVudF9pZD05MDY0NSZ0ZT0xJnVzZXJfaWQ9YWE0OTFlZjdmMWQ5NjRlNDk3OWZiNzg0ZTc0ZTAxZDdXA255dEIKYmEdg2pizXruLFIbdHJpc3RyYW1iYWxkd2luOTBAZ21haWwuY29tWAQAAAAA) [Guest Essay Biden Accused Putin of Committing Genocide. What Does That Mean? Genocide is the crime of crimes. It is rarely proved in international law. By Philippe Sands](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRkTQgdP0TbaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMi8wNC8yOC9vcGluaW9uL2JpZGVuLXB1dGluLWdlbm9jaWRlLmh0bWw_Y2FtcGFpZ25faWQ9MzkmZW1jPWVkaXRfdHlfMjAyMjA0MjgmaW5zdGFuY2VfaWQ9NTk4MzAmbmw9b3Bpbmlvbi10b2RheSZyZWdpX2lkPTc3Njc0OTUyJnNlZ21lbnRfaWQ9OTA2NDUmdGU9MSZ1c2VyX2lkPWFhNDkxZWY3ZjFkOTY0ZTQ5NzlmYjc4NGU3NGUwMWQ3VwNueXRCCmJhHYNqYs167ixSG3RyaXN0cmFtYmFsZHdpbjkwQGdtYWlsLmNvbVgEAAAAAA~~) [Article Image](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRkTQgdP0TbaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMi8wNC8yOC9vcGluaW9uL2JpZGVuLXB1dGluLWdlbm9jaWRlLmh0bWw_Y2FtcGFpZ25faWQ9MzkmZW1jPWVkaXRfdHlfMjAyMjA0MjgmaW5zdGFuY2VfaWQ9NTk4MzAmbmw9b3Bpbmlvbi10b2RheSZyZWdpX2lkPTc3Njc0OTUyJnNlZ21lbnRfaWQ9OTA2NDUmdGU9MSZ1c2VyX2lkPWFhNDkxZWY3ZjFkOTY0ZTQ5NzlmYjc4NGU3NGUwMWQ3VwNueXRCCmJhHYNqYs167ixSG3RyaXN0cmFtYmFsZHdpbjkwQGdtYWlsLmNvbVgEAAAAAA~~) [peter coy Here’s the Secret Ingredient in Economic Growth Unfortunately, economists may have been looking at it all wrong. By Peter Coy](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRkTQgdP0TgaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMi8wNC8yNy9vcGluaW9uL3RvdGFsLWZhY3Rvci1wcm9kdWN0aXZpdHkuaHRtbD9jYW1wYWlnbl9pZD0zOSZlbWM9ZWRpdF90eV8yMDIyMDQyOCZpbnN0YW5jZV9pZD01OTgzMCZubD1vcGluaW9uLXRvZGF5JnJlZ2lfaWQ9Nzc2NzQ5NTImc2VnbWVudF9pZD05MDY0NSZ0ZT0xJnVzZXJfaWQ9YWE0OTFlZjdmMWQ5NjRlNDk3OWZiNzg0ZTc0ZTAxZDdXA255dEIKYmEdg2pizXruLFIbdHJpc3RyYW1iYWxkd2luOTBAZ21haWwuY29tWAQAAAAA) [Article Image](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRkTQgdP0TgaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMi8wNC8yNy9vcGluaW9uL3RvdGFsLWZhY3Rvci1wcm9kdWN0aXZpdHkuaHRtbD9jYW1wYWlnbl9pZD0zOSZlbWM9ZWRpdF90eV8yMDIyMDQyOCZpbnN0YW5jZV9pZD01OTgzMCZubD1vcGluaW9uLXRvZGF5JnJlZ2lfaWQ9Nzc2NzQ5NTImc2VnbWVudF9pZD05MDY0NSZ0ZT0xJnVzZXJfaWQ9YWE0OTFlZjdmMWQ5NjRlNDk3OWZiNzg0ZTc0ZTAxZDdXA255dEIKYmEdg2pizXruLFIbdHJpc3RyYW1iYWxkd2luOTBAZ21haWwuY29tWAQAAAAA) What You’re Saying [letters Book Bans, From Both the Left and the Right Readers discuss a student’s guest essay urging that books be judged on their merits, not political ideology. Also: German car companies; pay gap for mothers.](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRkTQgdP0TYaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMi8wNC8yNy9vcGluaW9uL2xldHRlcnMvYm9vay1iYW5zLmh0bWw_Y2FtcGFpZ25faWQ9MzkmZW1jPWVkaXRfdHlfMjAyMjA0MjgmaW5zdGFuY2VfaWQ9NTk4MzAmbmw9b3Bpbmlvbi10b2RheSZyZWdpX2lkPTc3Njc0OTUyJnNlZ21lbnRfaWQ9OTA2NDUmdGU9MSZ1c2VyX2lkPWFhNDkxZWY3ZjFkOTY0ZTQ5NzlmYjc4NGU3NGUwMWQ3VwNueXRCCmJhHYNqYs167ixSG3RyaXN0cmFtYmFsZHdpbjkwQGdtYWlsLmNvbVgEAAAAAA~~) [Article Image](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRkTQgdP0TYaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMi8wNC8yNy9vcGluaW9uL2xldHRlcnMvYm9vay1iYW5zLmh0bWw_Y2FtcGFpZ25faWQ9MzkmZW1jPWVkaXRfdHlfMjAyMjA0MjgmaW5zdGFuY2VfaWQ9NTk4MzAmbmw9b3Bpbmlvbi10b2RheSZyZWdpX2lkPTc3Njc0OTUyJnNlZ21lbnRfaWQ9OTA2NDUmdGU9MSZ1c2VyX2lkPWFhNDkxZWY3ZjFkOTY0ZTQ5NzlmYjc4NGU3NGUwMWQ3VwNueXRCCmJhHYNqYs167ixSG3RyaXN0cmFtYmFsZHdpbjkwQGdtYWlsLmNvbVgEAAAAAA~~) Subscribe Today New York Times Opinion curates a wide range of views, inviting rich discussion and debate that helps readers analyze the world. 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