Race/Related: Bilingual Signs Are Disappearing in Manhattan’s Chinatown

Three journalists walked every street of Chinatown to understand the history of bilingual signs. [View in browser](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRkDxCmP4QoAWh0dHBzOi8vbWVzc2FnaW5nLWN1c3RvbS1uZXdzbGV0dGVycy5ueXRpbWVzLmNvbS90ZW1wbGF0ZS9vYWt2Mj9jYW1wYWlnbl9pZD0zNyZlbWM9ZWRpdF9ycl8yMDIyMDMxMiZpbnN0YW5jZV9pZD01NTYyMCZubD1yYWNlJTJGcmVsYXRlZCZwcm9kdWN0Q29kZT1SUiZyZWdpX2lkPTc3Njc0OTUyJnNlZ21lbnRfaWQ9ODU0MDgmdGU9MSZ1cmk9bnl0JTNBJTJGJTJGbmV3c2xldHRlciUyRjkyZDBmYTg3LTJlOTUtNWE4Mi04ZTlhLTNkZDY3NDdjMWI5MCZ1c2VyX2lkPWFhNDkxZWY3ZjFkOTY0ZTQ5NzlmYjc4NGU3NGUwMWQ3VwNueXRCCmIqpossYk16ofBSG3RyaXN0cmFtYmFsZHdpbjkwQGdtYWlsLmNvbVgEAAAAAA~~)|[nytimes.com](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRkDxCmP0SwaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vP2NhbXBhaWduX2lkPTM3JmVtYz1lZGl0X3JyXzIwMjIwMzEyJmluc3RhbmNlX2lkPTU1NjIwJm5sPXJhY2UlMkZyZWxhdGVkJnJlZ2lfaWQ9Nzc2NzQ5NTImc2VnbWVudF9pZD04NTQwOCZ0ZT0xJnVzZXJfaWQ9YWE0OTFlZjdmMWQ5NjRlNDk3OWZiNzg0ZTc0ZTAxZDdXA255dEIKYiqmiyxiTXqh8FIbdHJpc3RyYW1iYWxkd2luOTBAZ21haWwuY29tWAQAAAAA)[Continue reading the main story](#a11y-skip-ad-marquee) ~/AAAAAQA~/RgRkDxCmP0RtaHR0cHM6Ly9saXZlaW50ZW50Lm5ld3lvcmt0aW1lc2luZm8uY29tL2NsaWNrP3M9MjA3NTgwJmxpPVJSJm09YWE0OTFlZjdmMWQ5NjRlNDk3OWZiNzg0ZTc0ZTAxZDcmcD1SUl8yMDIyMDMxMlcDbnl0QgpiKqaLLGJNeqHwUht0cmlzdHJhbWJhbGR3aW45MEBnbWFpbC5jb21YBAAAAAA~ [More Race/Related](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRkDxCmP0S-aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vc3BvdGxpZ2h0L3JhY2U_Y2FtcGFpZ25faWQ9MzcmZW1jPWVkaXRfcnJfMjAyMjAzMTImaW5zdGFuY2VfaWQ9NTU2MjAmbmw9cmFjZSUyRnJlbGF0ZWQmcmVnaV9pZD03NzY3NDk1MiZzZWdtZW50X2lkPTg1NDA4JnRlPTEmdXNlcl9pZD1hYTQ5MWVmN2YxZDk2NGU0OTc5ZmI3ODRlNzRlMDFkN1cDbnl0QgpiKqaLLGJNeqHwUht0cmlzdHJhbWJhbGR3aW45MEBnbWFpbC5jb21YBAAAAAA~) March 12, 2022 An Rong Xu for The New York Times Two Sets of Street Signs in Chinatown [Author Headshot](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRkDxCmP0S8aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vYnkvZGVuaXNlLWx1P2NhbXBhaWduX2lkPTM3JmVtYz1lZGl0X3JyXzIwMjIwMzEyJmluc3RhbmNlX2lkPTU1NjIwJm5sPXJhY2UlMkZyZWxhdGVkJnJlZ2lfaWQ9Nzc2NzQ5NTImc2VnbWVudF9pZD04NTQwOCZ0ZT0xJnVzZXJfaWQ9YWE0OTFlZjdmMWQ5NjRlNDk3OWZiNzg0ZTc0ZTAxZDdXA255dEIKYiqmiyxiTXqh8FIbdHJpc3RyYW1iYWxkd2luOTBAZ21haWwuY29tWAQAAAAA) By Aaron Reiss and [Denise Lu](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRkDxCmP0S8aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vYnkvZGVuaXNlLWx1P2NhbXBhaWduX2lkPTM3JmVtYz1lZGl0X3JyXzIwMjIwMzEyJmluc3RhbmNlX2lkPTU1NjIwJm5sPXJhY2UlMkZyZWxhdGVkJnJlZ2lfaWQ9Nzc2NzQ5NTImc2VnbWVudF9pZD04NTQwOCZ0ZT0xJnVzZXJfaWQ9YWE0OTFlZjdmMWQ5NjRlNDk3OWZiNzg0ZTc0ZTAxZDdXA255dEIKYiqmiyxiTXqh8FIbdHJpc3RyYW1iYWxkd2luOTBAZ21haWwuY29tWAQAAAAA) Aaron Reiss, a freelance multimedia journalist covering immigrant communities in New York City, and Denise Lu, a graphics editor at The Times, teamed up for an article that examines bilingual signs in Manhattan’s Chinatown. Together, they shared how the article came together. To report our article about the history of bilingual street signs in Manhattan’s Chinatown, we first had to answer two very simple questions: How many signs were left, and where were they? However, after five months, six Freedom of Information Act requests and countless email exchanges with city agencies, we found that the data needed to answer those questions didn’t exist. In fact, part of the reason these bilingual signs are disappearing might be because no one has kept complete records of where they had been installed, which ones have been replaced by English-only signs, or how they even came to be in the first place. [So, for our report,](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRkDxCmP0ToaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vaW50ZXJhY3RpdmUvMjAyMi8wMy8xMS9ueXJlZ2lvbi9ueWMtY2hpbmF0b3duLXNpZ25zLmh0bWw_Y2FtcGFpZ25faWQ9MzcmZW1jPWVkaXRfcnJfMjAyMjAzMTImaW5zdGFuY2VfaWQ9NTU2MjAmbmw9cmFjZSUyRnJlbGF0ZWQmcmVnaV9pZD03NzY3NDk1MiZzZWdtZW50X2lkPTg1NDA4JnRlPTEmdXNlcl9pZD1hYTQ5MWVmN2YxZDk2NGU0OTc5ZmI3ODRlNzRlMDFkN1cDbnl0QgpiKqaLLGJNeqHwUht0cmlzdHJhbWJhbGR3aW45MEBnbWFpbC5jb21YBAAAAAA~) published on Friday, we walked every street in Chinatown to see the bilingual signs that still exist — and record ones that have been replaced. Members of the Chinese Chamber of Commerce of New York with Commissioner of Traffic Theodore Karagheuzoff, Commissioner of Traffic in 1969.Carl T. Gossett/The New York Times Starting in the 1960s, the Department of Transportation, with help from neighborhood groups, rendered into two languages the street signs in the area. Each street name was displayed in both English and Chinese (Mott Street / 勿街). In 1985, D.O.T. expanded the program. But the program has since slipped through the cracks: When old or faded signs need to get replaced, they are often replaced with English-only ones, causing these unique cultural markings to fade away. Aaron had conducted his own survey in 2013, when he first started researching signs in Chinatown as a freelance journalist and resident of the neighborhood. A small piece of his reporting was broadcast on an episode of the “[This American Life”](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRkDxCmP0TZaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cudGhpc2FtZXJpY2FubGlmZS5vcmcvNjIyL3doby15b3UtZ29ubmEtY2FsbC9hY3QtdHdvLTA_Y2FtcGFpZ25faWQ9MzcmZW1jPWVkaXRfcnJfMjAyMjAzMTImaW5zdGFuY2VfaWQ9NTU2MjAmbmw9cmFjZSUyRnJlbGF0ZWQmcmVnaV9pZD03NzY3NDk1MiZzZWdtZW50X2lkPTg1NDA4JnRlPTEmdXNlcl9pZD1hYTQ5MWVmN2YxZDk2NGU0OTc5ZmI3ODRlNzRlMDFkN1cDbnl0QgpiKqaLLGJNeqHwUht0cmlzdHJhbWJhbGR3aW45MEBnbWFpbC5jb21YBAAAAAA~) podcast in 2017. In 2020, after separately and unsuccessfully trying to find a database of Chinese street signs, Denise heard the podcast and sent Aaron a message on Twitter. The conversation would give rise to The Times’s analysis. [Continue reading the main story](#a11y-skip-0) ADVERTISEMENT ~/AAAAAQA~/RgRkDxCmP0RtaHR0cHM6Ly9saXZlaW50ZW50Lm5ld3lvcmt0aW1lc2luZm8uY29tL2NsaWNrP3M9MTc0MTQ5JmxpPVJSJm09YWE0OTFlZjdmMWQ5NjRlNDk3OWZiNzg0ZTc0ZTAxZDcmcD1SUl8yMDIyMDMxMlcDbnl0QgpiKqaLLGJNeqHwUht0cmlzdHJhbWJhbGR3aW45MEBnbWFpbC5jb21YBAAAAAA~ Denise kicked off an updated street survey in March 2021 and with Umi Syam, a graphics editor, set out to chart it with a phone and a notebook. (Aaron would join for the second half of the survey in April.) Denise had plotted out a walking path in Google Maps to cover all street intersections in the area efficiently. The route took her more than 12 miles. The journalists planned a 12-mile route that would take them through every intersection in the neighborhood.Aaron Reiss Denise created hand-drawn maps for every corner that needed checking, with each intersection numbered for easy reference. She recorded each bilingual street sign by taking a picture and jotting down the location. Covering more than 200 intersections took about 12 hours over two days. [Continue reading the main story](#a11y-skip-1) ADVERTISEMENT ~/AAAAAQA~/RgRkDxCmP0RtaHR0cHM6Ly9saXZlaW50ZW50Lm5ld3lvcmt0aW1lc2luZm8uY29tL2NsaWNrP3M9MjA3NTc3JmxpPVJSJm09YWE0OTFlZjdmMWQ5NjRlNDk3OWZiNzg0ZTc0ZTAxZDcmcD1SUl8yMDIyMDMxMlcDbnl0QgpiKqaLLGJNeqHwUht0cmlzdHJhbWJhbGR3aW45MEBnbWFpbC5jb21YBAAAAAA~ Based on Aaron’s research years earlier and incomplete D.O.T. records, we knew there had been bilingual signs that were no longer in Chinatown. To find evidence of their existence, we reviewed photographs in various archives, libraries and books as well as the Museum of Chinese in America. Using a magnified photo loupe, we spotted bilingual signs for Oliver Street and Kimlau Square in photos by Emile Bocian, a prolific photographer of Chinatown in the 1970s and 80s. The signs he photographed are gone today — they were most likely removed when the remodeling of Chatham Square was finished in 2000. While perusing the shelves at Yu and Me Books in Chinatown, Aaron found a photo by the late photographer and activist Corky Lee showing two bilingual signs for Catherine Street at the corner of Bowery. There is only one sign located there now. In old Google Street View images, Denise found evidence that several signs had been replaced between 2013 and 2021. Walking together on Day 2 of our survey, we noticed two sets of Chinese street signs on the corner of Bowery and Canal Street. In addition to the official D.O.T. signs, there is a set of patinated metal plaques fastened to the stone of the old Manhattan Savings Bank building. The plaques, installed around the same time as the first official D.O.T. street signs, use different Chinese names for both Canal Street and Bowery, a testament to the diverse dialects of Manhattan’s Chinatown and the nuances of translation. [Continue reading the main story](#a11y-skip-2) ADVERTISEMENT ~/AAAAAQA~/RgRkDxCmP0RtaHR0cHM6Ly9saXZlaW50ZW50Lm5ld3lvcmt0aW1lc2luZm8uY29tL2NsaWNrP3M9NzI4Njk5JmxpPVJSJm09YWE0OTFlZjdmMWQ5NjRlNDk3OWZiNzg0ZTc0ZTAxZDcmcD1SUl8yMDIyMDMxMlcDbnl0QgpiKqaLLGJNeqHwUht0cmlzdHJhbWJhbGR3aW45MEBnbWFpbC5jb21YBAAAAAA~ The story continues to unfold in layers, visible to anyone willing to walk around and look upward. Take [a closer look at the full interactive](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRkDxCmP0ToaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vaW50ZXJhY3RpdmUvMjAyMi8wMy8xMS9ueXJlZ2lvbi9ueWMtY2hpbmF0b3duLXNpZ25zLmh0bWw_Y2FtcGFpZ25faWQ9MzcmZW1jPWVkaXRfcnJfMjAyMjAzMTImaW5zdGFuY2VfaWQ9NTU2MjAmbmw9cmFjZSUyRnJlbGF0ZWQmcmVnaV9pZD03NzY3NDk1MiZzZWdtZW50X2lkPTg1NDA4JnRlPTEmdXNlcl9pZD1hYTQ5MWVmN2YxZDk2NGU0OTc5ZmI3ODRlNzRlMDFkN1cDbnl0QgpiKqaLLGJNeqHwUht0cmlzdHJhbWJhbGR3aW45MEBnbWFpbC5jb21YBAAAAAA~). EDITOR’S PICKS We publish many articles that touch on race. Here are several you shouldn’t miss. 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By Vimal Patel](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRkDxCmP0TjaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMi8wMy8xMC9hcnRzL3RlbGV2aXNpb24vZW1pbGlvLWRlbGdhZG8tZGVhZC5odG1sP2NhbXBhaWduX2lkPTM3JmVtYz1lZGl0X3JyXzIwMjIwMzEyJmluc3RhbmNlX2lkPTU1NjIwJm5sPXJhY2UlMkZyZWxhdGVkJnJlZ2lfaWQ9Nzc2NzQ5NTImc2VnbWVudF9pZD04NTQwOCZ0ZT0xJnVzZXJfaWQ9YWE0OTFlZjdmMWQ5NjRlNDk3OWZiNzg0ZTc0ZTAxZDdXA255dEIKYiqmiyxiTXqh8FIbdHJpc3RyYW1iYWxkd2luOTBAZ21haWwuY29tWAQAAAAA) [[Article Image] Brian Inganga/Associated Press](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRkDxCmP0TkaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMi8wMy8wNy9oZWFsdGgvYXlvYWRlLWFsYWtpamEtY292aWQtdmFjY2luZXMuaHRtbD9jYW1wYWlnbl9pZD0zNyZlbWM9ZWRpdF9ycl8yMDIyMDMxMiZpbnN0YW5jZV9pZD01NTYyMCZubD1yYWNlJTJGcmVsYXRlZCZyZWdpX2lkPTc3Njc0OTUyJnNlZ21lbnRfaWQ9ODU0MDgmdGU9MSZ1c2VyX2lkPWFhNDkxZWY3ZjFkOTY0ZTQ5NzlmYjc4NGU3NGUwMWQ3VwNueXRCCmIqpossYk16ofBSG3RyaXN0cmFtYmFsZHdpbjkwQGdtYWlsLmNvbVgEAAAAAA~~) [A Nigerian Doctor’s Fight for Equitable Access to Vaccines For Dr. Ayoade Alakija, saying no was not an option when she was asked to lead efforts to expand Covid-19 testing and treatments to underserved regions. 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