Opinion Today: Everyday sexism at work, Dave Chappelle’s brittle ego and robocalls

A tiny bit of gender bias can change everything. 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But how does routine sexism affect one’s career in the long run? That’s the question that Jessica Nordell, the author of “The End of Bias: A Beginning,” tried to answer, with a research group at the University at Buffalo. Based on available empirical studies, Nordell and her collaborators designed a computer simulation that shows how small daily discriminations against women can accumulate and change the makeup of a company, leaving women with fewer promotions and company leadership mostly male. Every simulation at the imaginary company, NormCorp, starts with equal representation — but as women’s performance is evaluated a trifle less favorably, as their failures are penalized an iota more, and as they encounter slightly fewer opportunities, their representation at the highest ranks drops dramatically. Here’s what the gender mix looks like after 10 years of promotions in two scenarios that disadvantage women.  In an [essay](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRjSp_CP0TeaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vaW50ZXJhY3RpdmUvMjAyMS8xMC8xNC9vcGluaW9uL2dlbmRlci1iaWFzLmh0bWw_Y2FtcGFpZ25faWQ9MzkmZW1jPWVkaXRfdHlfMjAyMTEwMTQmaW5zdGFuY2VfaWQ9NDI4MzEmbmw9b3Bpbmlvbi10b2RheSZyZWdpX2lkPTc3Njc0OTUyJnNlZ21lbnRfaWQ9NzE2MjQmdGU9MSZ1c2VyX2lkPWFhNDkxZWY3ZjFkOTY0ZTQ5NzlmYjc4NGU3NGUwMWQ3VwNueXRCCmFfwhpoYUch57FSG3RyaXN0cmFtYmFsZHdpbjkwQGdtYWlsLmNvbVgEAAAAAA~~) for Times Opinion, Nordell writes about her gender-bias research and sheds some light on what strategies have proved effective in creating more equitable workplaces. Her research shows that some popular interventions, such as short-term quotas, are not that fruitful in the long run if societal biases against women persist. A commitment to reducing gender bias from leadership, on the other hand, does pay dividends. Managers who provide mentorship, encourage sponsorship of women and invest in equal opportunities are more likely to make a long-lasting positive difference in how their companies are shaped. Read the full essay [here](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRjSp_CP0TeaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vaW50ZXJhY3RpdmUvMjAyMS8xMC8xNC9vcGluaW9uL2dlbmRlci1iaWFzLmh0bWw_Y2FtcGFpZ25faWQ9MzkmZW1jPWVkaXRfdHlfMjAyMTEwMTQmaW5zdGFuY2VfaWQ9NDI4MzEmbmw9b3Bpbmlvbi10b2RheSZyZWdpX2lkPTc3Njc0OTUyJnNlZ21lbnRfaWQ9NzE2MjQmdGU9MSZ1c2VyX2lkPWFhNDkxZWY3ZjFkOTY0ZTQ5NzlmYjc4NGU3NGUwMWQ3VwNueXRCCmFfwhpoYUch57FSG3RyaXN0cmFtYmFsZHdpbjkwQGdtYWlsLmNvbVgEAAAAAA~~). [Article Image](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRjSp_CP0TeaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vaW50ZXJhY3RpdmUvMjAyMS8xMC8xNC9vcGluaW9uL2dlbmRlci1iaWFzLmh0bWw_Y2FtcGFpZ25faWQ9MzkmZW1jPWVkaXRfdHlfMjAyMTEwMTQmaW5zdGFuY2VfaWQ9NDI4MzEmbmw9b3Bpbmlvbi10b2RheSZyZWdpX2lkPTc3Njc0OTUyJnNlZ21lbnRfaWQ9NzE2MjQmdGU9MSZ1c2VyX2lkPWFhNDkxZWY3ZjFkOTY0ZTQ5NzlmYjc4NGU3NGUwMWQ3VwNueXRCCmFfwhpoYUch57FSG3RyaXN0cmFtYmFsZHdpbjkwQGdtYWlsLmNvbVgEAAAAAA~~) [How a Tiny Bit of Gender Bias Adds Up to Hurt Women’s Careers From unfair evaluations to denied opportunities, routine gender bias could dramatically change gender representation over time. By Jessica Nordell and Yaryna Serkez](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRjSp_CP0TeaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vaW50ZXJhY3RpdmUvMjAyMS8xMC8xNC9vcGluaW9uL2dlbmRlci1iaWFzLmh0bWw_Y2FtcGFpZ25faWQ9MzkmZW1jPWVkaXRfdHlfMjAyMTEwMTQmaW5zdGFuY2VfaWQ9NDI4MzEmbmw9b3Bpbmlvbi10b2RheSZyZWdpX2lkPTc3Njc0OTUyJnNlZ21lbnRfaWQ9NzE2MjQmdGU9MSZ1c2VyX2lkPWFhNDkxZWY3ZjFkOTY0ZTQ5NzlmYjc4NGU3NGUwMWQ3VwNueXRCCmFfwhpoYUch57FSG3RyaXN0cmFtYmFsZHdpbjkwQGdtYWlsLmNvbVgEAAAAAA~~) [Continue reading the main story](#a11y-skip-0) ADVERTISEMENT ~/AAAAAQA~/RgRjSp_CP0RsaHR0cHM6Ly9saXZlaW50ZW50Lm5ld3lvcmt0aW1lc2luZm8uY29tL2NsaWNrP3M9NTk3ODUmbGk9VFkmbT1hYTQ5MWVmN2YxZDk2NGU0OTc5ZmI3ODRlNzRlMDFkNyZwPVRZXzIwMjExMDE0VwNueXRCCmFfwhpoYUch57FSG3RyaXN0cmFtYmFsZHdpbjkwQGdtYWlsLmNvbVgEAAAAAA~~ Here’s what we’re focusing on today: Editors’ Picks [Guest Essay Dave Chappelle’s Brittle Ego If the comedian expects us to take a joke, he should be able to take criticism. By Roxane Gay](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRjSp_CP0TjaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMS8xMC8xMy9vcGluaW9uL2RhdmUtY2hhcHBlbGxlLW5ldGZsaXgtdHJhbnMuaHRtbD9jYW1wYWlnbl9pZD0zOSZlbWM9ZWRpdF90eV8yMDIxMTAxNCZpbnN0YW5jZV9pZD00MjgzMSZubD1vcGluaW9uLXRvZGF5JnJlZ2lfaWQ9Nzc2NzQ5NTImc2VnbWVudF9pZD03MTYyNCZ0ZT0xJnVzZXJfaWQ9YWE0OTFlZjdmMWQ5NjRlNDk3OWZiNzg0ZTc0ZTAxZDdXA255dEIKYV_CGmhhRyHnsVIbdHJpc3RyYW1iYWxkd2luOTBAZ21haWwuY29tWAQAAAAA) [Article Image](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRjSp_CP0TjaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMS8xMC8xMy9vcGluaW9uL2RhdmUtY2hhcHBlbGxlLW5ldGZsaXgtdHJhbnMuaHRtbD9jYW1wYWlnbl9pZD0zOSZlbWM9ZWRpdF90eV8yMDIxMTAxNCZpbnN0YW5jZV9pZD00MjgzMSZubD1vcGluaW9uLXRvZGF5JnJlZ2lfaWQ9Nzc2NzQ5NTImc2VnbWVudF9pZD03MTYyNCZ0ZT0xJnVzZXJfaWQ9YWE0OTFlZjdmMWQ5NjRlNDk3OWZiNzg0ZTc0ZTAxZDdXA255dEIKYV_CGmhhRyHnsVIbdHJpc3RyYW1iYWxkd2luOTBAZ21haWwuY29tWAQAAAAA) On the News [Guest Essay Jon Gruden’s Emails Shocked Me. 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A major American theater planned to produce nine plays by men and one by a woman this season. Why did it take a male playwright to change that when women have flagged such inequities for years? 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By Kate Murphy](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRjSp_CP0TiaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMS8xMC8xNC9vcGluaW9uL2NvdmlkLWh1bWFuLWNoYWxsZW5nZS10cmlhbC5odG1sP2NhbXBhaWduX2lkPTM5JmVtYz1lZGl0X3R5XzIwMjExMDE0Jmluc3RhbmNlX2lkPTQyODMxJm5sPW9waW5pb24tdG9kYXkmcmVnaV9pZD03NzY3NDk1MiZzZWdtZW50X2lkPTcxNjI0JnRlPTEmdXNlcl9pZD1hYTQ5MWVmN2YxZDk2NGU0OTc5ZmI3ODRlNzRlMDFkN1cDbnl0QgphX8IaaGFHIeexUht0cmlzdHJhbWJhbGR3aW45MEBnbWFpbC5jb21YBAAAAAA~) [Article Image](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRjSp_CP0TiaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMS8xMC8xNC9vcGluaW9uL2NvdmlkLWh1bWFuLWNoYWxsZW5nZS10cmlhbC5odG1sP2NhbXBhaWduX2lkPTM5JmVtYz1lZGl0X3R5XzIwMjExMDE0Jmluc3RhbmNlX2lkPTQyODMxJm5sPW9waW5pb24tdG9kYXkmcmVnaV9pZD03NzY3NDk1MiZzZWdtZW50X2lkPTcxNjI0JnRlPTEmdXNlcl9pZD1hYTQ5MWVmN2YxZDk2NGU0OTc5ZmI3ODRlNzRlMDFkN1cDbnl0QgphX8IaaGFHIeexUht0cmlzdHJhbWJhbGR3aW45MEBnbWFpbC5jb21YBAAAAAA~) [Guest Essay Why Does Everyone Suddenly Care About Supply Chains? The pandemic showed how vulnerable we are to a globalized economic system. But an entirely domestic industrial policy may actually backfire. By Chad P. Bown and Douglas A. Irwin](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRjSp_CP0TbaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMS8xMC8xNC9vcGluaW9uL3N1cHBseS1jaGFpbi1hbWVyaWNhLmh0bWw_Y2FtcGFpZ25faWQ9MzkmZW1jPWVkaXRfdHlfMjAyMTEwMTQmaW5zdGFuY2VfaWQ9NDI4MzEmbmw9b3Bpbmlvbi10b2RheSZyZWdpX2lkPTc3Njc0OTUyJnNlZ21lbnRfaWQ9NzE2MjQmdGU9MSZ1c2VyX2lkPWFhNDkxZWY3ZjFkOTY0ZTQ5NzlmYjc4NGU3NGUwMWQ3VwNueXRCCmFfwhpoYUch57FSG3RyaXN0cmFtYmFsZHdpbjkwQGdtYWlsLmNvbVgEAAAAAA~~) [Article Image](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRjSp_CP0TbaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMS8xMC8xNC9vcGluaW9uL3N1cHBseS1jaGFpbi1hbWVyaWNhLmh0bWw_Y2FtcGFpZ25faWQ9MzkmZW1jPWVkaXRfdHlfMjAyMTEwMTQmaW5zdGFuY2VfaWQ9NDI4MzEmbmw9b3Bpbmlvbi10b2RheSZyZWdpX2lkPTc3Njc0OTUyJnNlZ21lbnRfaWQ9NzE2MjQmdGU9MSZ1c2VyX2lkPWFhNDkxZWY3ZjFkOTY0ZTQ5NzlmYjc4NGU3NGUwMWQ3VwNueXRCCmFfwhpoYUch57FSG3RyaXN0cmFtYmFsZHdpbjkwQGdtYWlsLmNvbVgEAAAAAA~~) [Gail Collins Robocalls Are Not Even the Worst of It Updating our war against the scammers and assorted interrupters. 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Also: The F.D.A. decision on e-cigarettes; the port crisis; parents and teenagers; decluttering responsibly.Â](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRjSp_CP0TqaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMS8xMC8xMy9vcGluaW9uL2xldHRlcnMvcmVwdWJsaWNhbnMtZGVtb2NyYXRzLXRydW1wLmh0bWw_Y2FtcGFpZ25faWQ9MzkmZW1jPWVkaXRfdHlfMjAyMTEwMTQmaW5zdGFuY2VfaWQ9NDI4MzEmbmw9b3Bpbmlvbi10b2RheSZyZWdpX2lkPTc3Njc0OTUyJnNlZ21lbnRfaWQ9NzE2MjQmdGU9MSZ1c2VyX2lkPWFhNDkxZWY3ZjFkOTY0ZTQ5NzlmYjc4NGU3NGUwMWQ3VwNueXRCCmFfwhpoYUch57FSG3RyaXN0cmFtYmFsZHdpbjkwQGdtYWlsLmNvbVgEAAAAAA~~) [Article Image](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRjSp_CP0TqaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMS8xMC8xMy9vcGluaW9uL2xldHRlcnMvcmVwdWJsaWNhbnMtZGVtb2NyYXRzLXRydW1wLmh0bWw_Y2FtcGFpZ25faWQ9MzkmZW1jPWVkaXRfdHlfMjAyMTEwMTQmaW5zdGFuY2VfaWQ9NDI4MzEmbmw9b3Bpbmlvbi10b2RheSZyZWdpX2lkPTc3Njc0OTUyJnNlZ21lbnRfaWQ9NzE2MjQmdGU9MSZ1c2VyX2lkPWFhNDkxZWY3ZjFkOTY0ZTQ5NzlmYjc4NGU3NGUwMWQ3VwNueXRCCmFfwhpoYUch57FSG3RyaXN0cmFtYmFsZHdpbjkwQGdtYWlsLmNvbVgEAAAAAA~~) Subscribe Today New York Times Opinion curates a wide range of views, inviting rich discussion and debate that helps readers analyze the world. 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