Race/Related: Detroit Took Everything From Keith Williams. He Wants It Back.

Detroit, like many other American cities, is studying how best to atone for its racist past. [View in browser](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRjMYZ6P4QoAWh0dHBzOi8vbWVzc2FnaW5nLWN1c3RvbS1uZXdzbGV0dGVycy5ueXRpbWVzLmNvbS90ZW1wbGF0ZS9vYWt2Mj9jYW1wYWlnbl9pZD0zNyZlbWM9ZWRpdF9ycl8yMDIxMDkyNSZpbnN0YW5jZV9pZD00MTI3OCZubD1yYWNlJTJGcmVsYXRlZCZwcm9kdWN0Q29kZT1SUiZyZWdpX2lkPTc3Njc0OTUyJnNlZ21lbnRfaWQ9Njk5MjMmdGU9MSZ1cmk9bnl0JTNBJTJGJTJGbmV3c2xldHRlciUyRmQ0N2U3ZjQ1LTk1ZjctNTQ2OC1iYjExLWMzZjVhODQxMzM0MCZ1c2VyX2lkPWFhNDkxZWY3ZjFkOTY0ZTQ5NzlmYjc4NGU3NGUwMWQ3VwNueXRCCmFKegFPYRjjkHpSG3RyaXN0cmFtYmFsZHdpbjkwQGdtYWlsLmNvbVgEAAAAAA~~)|[nytimes.com](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRjMYZ6P0SwaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vP2NhbXBhaWduX2lkPTM3JmVtYz1lZGl0X3JyXzIwMjEwOTI1Jmluc3RhbmNlX2lkPTQxMjc4Jm5sPXJhY2UlMkZyZWxhdGVkJnJlZ2lfaWQ9Nzc2NzQ5NTImc2VnbWVudF9pZD02OTkyMyZ0ZT0xJnVzZXJfaWQ9YWE0OTFlZjdmMWQ5NjRlNDk3OWZiNzg0ZTc0ZTAxZDdXA255dEIKYUp6AU9hGOOQelIbdHJpc3RyYW1iYWxkd2luOTBAZ21haWwuY29tWAQAAAAA)[Continue reading the main story](#a11y-skip-ad-marquee) ~/AAAAAQA~/RgRjMYZ6P0RtaHR0cHM6Ly9saXZlaW50ZW50Lm5ld3lvcmt0aW1lc2luZm8uY29tL2NsaWNrP3M9MjA3NTgwJmxpPVJSJm09YWE0OTFlZjdmMWQ5NjRlNDk3OWZiNzg0ZTc0ZTAxZDcmcD1SUl8yMDIxMDkyNVcDbnl0QgphSnoBT2EY45B6Uht0cmlzdHJhbWJhbGR3aW45MEBnbWFpbC5jb21YBAAAAAA~ [More Race/Related](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRjMYZ6P0S-aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vc3BvdGxpZ2h0L3JhY2U_Y2FtcGFpZ25faWQ9MzcmZW1jPWVkaXRfcnJfMjAyMTA5MjUmaW5zdGFuY2VfaWQ9NDEyNzgmbmw9cmFjZSUyRnJlbGF0ZWQmcmVnaV9pZD03NzY3NDk1MiZzZWdtZW50X2lkPTY5OTIzJnRlPTEmdXNlcl9pZD1hYTQ5MWVmN2YxZDk2NGU0OTc5ZmI3ODRlNzRlMDFkN1cDbnl0QgphSnoBT2EY45B6Uht0cmlzdHJhbWJhbGR3aW45MEBnbWFpbC5jb21YBAAAAAA~) September 25, 2021 A protest to demand reparations at Tulsa City Hall in Oklahoma last May.Cheriss May for The New York Times Reparations: A Local Issue as Well as a National One By Giulia Heyward The city of Detroit took everything from Keith E. Williams and his family. He now wants it back. Right before he was born, Mr. Williams’s parents and older siblings left Black Bottom, a once vibrant and predominately Black neighborhood in Detroit, when city officials demolished the area as part of what was billed as a large-scale urban renewal project in the 1950s. The land is now a major freeway, I-375, and the location of the largely white, and affluent, Lafayette Park neighborhood. Although city officials claimed it had successfully relocated the Black Detroiters who once lived there, no independent source [ever confirmed those assertions](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRjMYZ6P4QFAWh0dHBzOi8vd3d3LmZyZWVwLmNvbS9pbi1kZXB0aC9uZXdzL2xvY2FsL21pY2hpZ2FuLzIwMjEvMDcvMTUvZGV0cm9pdC1ibGFjay1ib3R0b20tbGFmYXlldHRlLXBhcmsvNzc4ODQ1ODAwMi8_Y2FtcGFpZ25faWQ9MzcmZW1jPWVkaXRfcnJfMjAyMTA5MjUmaW5zdGFuY2VfaWQ9NDEyNzgmbmw9cmFjZSUyRnJlbGF0ZWQmcmVnaV9pZD03NzY3NDk1MiZzZWdtZW50X2lkPTY5OTIzJnRlPTEmdXNlcl9pZD1hYTQ5MWVmN2YxZDk2NGU0OTc5ZmI3ODRlNzRlMDFkN1cDbnl0QgphSnoBT2EY45B6Uht0cmlzdHJhbWJhbGR3aW45MEBnbWFpbC5jb21YBAAAAAA~), according to The Detroit Free Press. Mr. Williams’s family, who were among 43,096 displaced residents and an additional 409 Black business owners, struggled to rebuild their lives. “It was taken from us,” Mr. Williams, who is now 64 and the chair of the state’s Black Democratic caucus, said. “It’s not only my family, it’s also all the other families that left too. We are still trying to catch up.” But they may be closer to some relief now than in the past. Detroit, like many other cities across the nation, is studying how best to atone for its racist past, part of a movement that has centered on the toll from slavery but has expanded to more local offenses. In November, Detroit residents will be asked [if they support](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRjMYZ6P4QxAWh0dHBzOi8vd3d3LmRldHJvaXRuZXdzLmNvbS9zdG9yeS9uZXdzL2xvY2FsL2RldHJvaXQtY2l0eS8yMDIxLzA3LzIwL2RldHJvaXQtY291bmNpbC12b3Rlcy1hZGQtcmVwYXJhdGlvbnMtY29tbWl0dGVlLXF1ZXN0aW9uLW5vdmVtYmVyLWJhbGxvdC84MDI1NzIyMDAyLz9jYW1wYWlnbl9pZD0zNyZlbWM9ZWRpdF9ycl8yMDIxMDkyNSZpbnN0YW5jZV9pZD00MTI3OCZubD1yYWNlJTJGcmVsYXRlZCZyZWdpX2lkPTc3Njc0OTUyJnNlZ21lbnRfaWQ9Njk5MjMmdGU9MSZ1c2VyX2lkPWFhNDkxZWY3ZjFkOTY0ZTQ5NzlmYjc4NGU3NGUwMWQ3VwNueXRCCmFKegFPYRjjkHpSG3RyaXN0cmFtYmFsZHdpbjkwQGdtYWlsLmNvbVgEAAAAAA~~) the formation of a reparations committee that will research “housing and economic development programs” for its Black residents. [Continue reading the main story](#a11y-skip-0) ADVERTISEMENT ~/AAAAAQA~/RgRjMYZ6P0RtaHR0cHM6Ly9saXZlaW50ZW50Lm5ld3lvcmt0aW1lc2luZm8uY29tL2NsaWNrP3M9MTc0MTQ5JmxpPVJSJm09YWE0OTFlZjdmMWQ5NjRlNDk3OWZiNzg0ZTc0ZTAxZDcmcD1SUl8yMDIxMDkyNVcDbnl0QgphSnoBT2EY45B6Uht0cmlzdHJhbWJhbGR3aW45MEBnbWFpbC5jb21YBAAAAAA~ “It’s more than just talk for the first time,” said Mary Sheffield, the councilwoman who spearheaded the measure after local community leaders including Mr. Williams reached out to her. “We are seeing policymakers be serious about it, and we’re looking at what other cities have done, too.” Keith E. Williams’s family struggled to rebuild their lives after they were forced to leave the Black Bottom neighborhood of Detroit when city officials razed it in the 1950s.Brittany Greeson for The New York Times If Detroit forms the committee, it will join a small but growing number of local and state governments considering, or introducing, reparations programs across the country. In March, Evanston, Ill., a Chicago suburb, [began distributing $10 million](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRjMYZ6P0ToaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMS8wMy8yMi91cy9yZXBhcmF0aW9ucy1ldmFuc3Rvbi1pbGxpbm9pcy1ob3VzaW5nLmh0bWw_Y2FtcGFpZ25faWQ9MzcmZW1jPWVkaXRfcnJfMjAyMTA5MjUmaW5zdGFuY2VfaWQ9NDEyNzgmbmw9cmFjZSUyRnJlbGF0ZWQmcmVnaV9pZD03NzY3NDk1MiZzZWdtZW50X2lkPTY5OTIzJnRlPTEmdXNlcl9pZD1hYTQ5MWVmN2YxZDk2NGU0OTc5ZmI3ODRlNzRlMDFkN1cDbnl0QgphSnoBT2EY45B6Uht0cmlzdHJhbWJhbGR3aW45MEBnbWFpbC5jb21YBAAAAAA~) in reparations in the form of housing grants to its Black residents. In June, California [became the first state](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRjMYZ6P0T1aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMS8wNi8wMy91cy9jYWxpZm9ybmlhLXRvZGF5LWV4cGxhaW5pbmctdGhlLXJlcGFyYXRpb25zLWVmZm9ydC5odG1sP2NhbXBhaWduX2lkPTM3JmVtYz1lZGl0X3JyXzIwMjEwOTI1Jmluc3RhbmNlX2lkPTQxMjc4Jm5sPXJhY2UlMkZyZWxhdGVkJnJlZ2lfaWQ9Nzc2NzQ5NTImc2VnbWVudF9pZD02OTkyMyZ0ZT0xJnVzZXJfaWQ9YWE0OTFlZjdmMWQ5NjRlNDk3OWZiNzg0ZTc0ZTAxZDdXA255dEIKYUp6AU9hGOOQelIbdHJpc3RyYW1iYWxkd2luOTBAZ21haWwuY29tWAQAAAAA) to develop a reparations task force. [Continue reading the main story](#a11y-skip-1) ADVERTISEMENT ~/AAAAAQA~/RgRjMYZ6P0RtaHR0cHM6Ly9saXZlaW50ZW50Lm5ld3lvcmt0aW1lc2luZm8uY29tL2NsaWNrP3M9MjA3NTc3JmxpPVJSJm09YWE0OTFlZjdmMWQ5NjRlNDk3OWZiNzg0ZTc0ZTAxZDcmcD1SUl8yMDIxMDkyNVcDbnl0QgphSnoBT2EY45B6Uht0cmlzdHJhbWJhbGR3aW45MEBnbWFpbC5jb21YBAAAAAA~ That same month, another 11 American mayors [committed](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRjMYZ6P0TDaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cueW91dHViZS5jb20vd2F0Y2g_Y2FtcGFpZ25faWQ9MzcmZW1jPWVkaXRfcnJfMjAyMTA5MjUmaW5zdGFuY2VfaWQ9NDEyNzgmbmw9cmFjZSUyRnJlbGF0ZWQmcmVnaV9pZD03NzY3NDk1MiZzZWdtZW50X2lkPTY5OTIzJnRlPTEmdXNlcl9pZD1hYTQ5MWVmN2YxZDk2NGU0OTc5ZmI3ODRlNzRlMDFkNyZ2PTNtUWpKUzJvbzdnVwNueXRCCmFKegFPYRjjkHpSG3RyaXN0cmFtYmFsZHdpbjkwQGdtYWlsLmNvbVgEAAAAAA~~) to introducing reparations pilot programs for Black Americans in their respective cities, from major hubs like Los Angeles to the tiny all-Black town of Tullahassee in Oklahoma. The coalition, known as Mayors Organizing for Reparations and Equality, plans to “double or even triple” its number of cities by the end of this year, according to its founder, Mayor Eric Garcetti of Los Angeles. For Mayor Quinton Lucas of Kansas City, Mo., reparations seemed like “something that a lot of people said in 2020 to placate the masses.” He sees joining the coalition and introducing a pilot program in his city as something that lets local officials “match the rhetoric.” “I think the mistake people sometimes make is that they think reparations is a story about slavery alone,” Mr. Lucas said. “But it’s about looking at the legacy of the unfairness that exists.” [Continue reading the main story](#a11y-skip-2) ADVERTISEMENT ~/AAAAAQA~/RgRjMYZ6P0RtaHR0cHM6Ly9saXZlaW50ZW50Lm5ld3lvcmt0aW1lc2luZm8uY29tL2NsaWNrP3M9NzI4Njk5JmxpPVJSJm09YWE0OTFlZjdmMWQ5NjRlNDk3OWZiNzg0ZTc0ZTAxZDcmcD1SUl8yMDIxMDkyNVcDbnl0QgphSnoBT2EY45B6Uht0cmlzdHJhbWJhbGR3aW45MEBnbWFpbC5jb21YBAAAAAA~ Mayor Jorge Elzora of Providence, R.I., said a reparations program could address the underrepresentation of Black residents within “all the halls of power” in the city, including schools, businesses and elected positions. “As a country we have never addressed race issues directly, and look at where it has gotten us,” he said. While the fervor surrounding reparations may feel brand-new, [the movement behind it](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRjMYZ6P0TnaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAxOS8wNi8xOS91cy9wb2xpdGljcy9zbGF2ZXJ5LXJlcGFyYXRpb25zLWhlYXJpbmcuaHRtbD9jYW1wYWlnbl9pZD0zNyZlbWM9ZWRpdF9ycl8yMDIxMDkyNSZpbnN0YW5jZV9pZD00MTI3OCZubD1yYWNlJTJGcmVsYXRlZCZyZWdpX2lkPTc3Njc0OTUyJnNlZ21lbnRfaWQ9Njk5MjMmdGU9MSZ1c2VyX2lkPWFhNDkxZWY3ZjFkOTY0ZTQ5NzlmYjc4NGU3NGUwMWQ3VwNueXRCCmFKegFPYRjjkHpSG3RyaXN0cmFtYmFsZHdpbjkwQGdtYWlsLmNvbVgEAAAAAA~~) is anything but. Beginning in 1989, John Conyers Jr., a Democratic representative from Detroit, regularly reintroduced the same legislation proposing to form a federal reparations committee, [H.R. 40](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRjMYZ6P0TPaHR0cHM6Ly9pYncyMS5vcmcvY29tbWVudGFyeS9teS1yZXBhcmF0aW9ucy1iaWxsLWhyLTQwLz9jYW1wYWlnbl9pZD0zNyZlbWM9ZWRpdF9ycl8yMDIxMDkyNSZpbnN0YW5jZV9pZD00MTI3OCZubD1yYWNlJTJGcmVsYXRlZCZyZWdpX2lkPTc3Njc0OTUyJnNlZ21lbnRfaWQ9Njk5MjMmdGU9MSZ1c2VyX2lkPWFhNDkxZWY3ZjFkOTY0ZTQ5NzlmYjc4NGU3NGUwMWQ3VwNueXRCCmFKegFPYRjjkHpSG3RyaXN0cmFtYmFsZHdpbjkwQGdtYWlsLmNvbVgEAAAAAA~~), until his retirement in 2017. Congress heard the bill for the first time two years later, in 2019, the same year Mr. Conyers died. Although the bill failed, the 2020 presidential election brought it back to life [as a major campaign issue](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRjMYZ6P0TfaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMC8wNi8xOC91cy9wb2xpdGljcy9yZXBhcmF0aW9ucy1zbGF2ZXJ5Lmh0bWw_Y2FtcGFpZ25faWQ9MzcmZW1jPWVkaXRfcnJfMjAyMTA5MjUmaW5zdGFuY2VfaWQ9NDEyNzgmbmw9cmFjZSUyRnJlbGF0ZWQmcmVnaV9pZD03NzY3NDk1MiZzZWdtZW50X2lkPTY5OTIzJnRlPTEmdXNlcl9pZD1hYTQ5MWVmN2YxZDk2NGU0OTc5ZmI3ODRlNzRlMDFkN1cDbnl0QgphSnoBT2EY45B6Uht0cmlzdHJhbWJhbGR3aW45MEBnbWFpbC5jb21YBAAAAAA~) to engage young progressive voters. Following a peak in Black Lives Matter protests last summer, the national dialogue around race further reignited support of the reparations movement. In April, a House committee [passed H.R. 40](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRjMYZ6P0TlaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMS8wNC8xNC91cy9wb2xpdGljcy9yZXBhcmF0aW9ucy1zbGF2ZXJ5LWhvdXNlLmh0bWw_Y2FtcGFpZ25faWQ9MzcmZW1jPWVkaXRfcnJfMjAyMTA5MjUmaW5zdGFuY2VfaWQ9NDEyNzgmbmw9cmFjZSUyRnJlbGF0ZWQmcmVnaV9pZD03NzY3NDk1MiZzZWdtZW50X2lkPTY5OTIzJnRlPTEmdXNlcl9pZD1hYTQ5MWVmN2YxZDk2NGU0OTc5ZmI3ODRlNzRlMDFkN1cDbnl0QgphSnoBT2EY45B6Uht0cmlzdHJhbWJhbGR3aW45MEBnbWFpbC5jb21YBAAAAAA~) for the first time, and it is now headed to the floor. A march for reparations in Atlanta last year. Several cities are discussing reparations programs, but it’s unclear how they would be funded.Joshua Rashaad McFadden for The New York Times But the bill still has a long journey before legislators could approve it. If they eventually do, it is unclear how long it would take before a hypothetical commission could come up with recommendations and begin distributing aid. And while it may be too soon to tell how these local reparations programs will fare, the response thus far hasn’t always been positive. After Evanston introduced its reparations program, the city received criticism from multiple groups. The Project on Fair Representation, a nonprofit conservative group, sent [multiple letters](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRjMYZ6P4QhAWh0dHBzOi8vd3d3LnByb2plY3RvbmZhaXJyZXByZXNlbnRhdGlvbi5vcmcvd3AtY29udGVudC91cGxvYWRzLzIwMjEvMDMvUE9GUi1FdmFuc3Rvbi1GaW5hbC1MZXR0ZXItdG8tRXZhbnN0b24tcmUtUmVwYXJhdGlvbnMtUHJvcG9zYWwucGRmP2NhbXBhaWduX2lkPTM3JmVtYz1lZGl0X3JyXzIwMjEwOTI1Jmluc3RhbmNlX2lkPTQxMjc4Jm5sPXJhY2UlMkZyZWxhdGVkJnJlZ2lfaWQ9Nzc2NzQ5NTImc2VnbWVudF9pZD02OTkyMyZ0ZT0xJnVzZXJfaWQ9YWE0OTFlZjdmMWQ5NjRlNDk3OWZiNzg0ZTc0ZTAxZDdXA255dEIKYUp6AU9hGOOQelIbdHJpc3RyYW1iYWxkd2luOTBAZ21haWwuY29tWAQAAAAA) to Evanston’s City Council, arguing that its approved reparations program was both “unconstitutional” and “racially discriminatory.” Meanwhile, some residents — include those who are Black — [protested](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRjMYZ6P4QrAWh0dHBzOi8vZXZhbnN0b25yb3VuZHRhYmxlLmNvbS8yMDIxLzAzLzA3L2NyaXRpY3Mtb2YtcmVzdG9yYXRpdmUtaG91c2luZy1yZXBhcmF0aW9ucy1wcm9ncmFtLXZvaWNlLWNvbmNlcm4tYW5kLWFuZ2VyLWFoZWFkLW9mLXZvdGUtYnktY2l0eS1jb3VuY2lsLz9jYW1wYWlnbl9pZD0zNyZlbWM9ZWRpdF9ycl8yMDIxMDkyNSZpbnN0YW5jZV9pZD00MTI3OCZubD1yYWNlJTJGcmVsYXRlZCZyZWdpX2lkPTc3Njc0OTUyJnNlZ21lbnRfaWQ9Njk5MjMmdGU9MSZ1c2VyX2lkPWFhNDkxZWY3ZjFkOTY0ZTQ5NzlmYjc4NGU3NGUwMWQ3VwNueXRCCmFKegFPYRjjkHpSG3RyaXN0cmFtYmFsZHdpbjkwQGdtYWlsLmNvbVgEAAAAAA~~) in the streets, arguing that the program did not do enough for them. Not every proponent of a federal reparations program supports similar initiatives on a much smaller scale. “There are a number of detours away from what I would call true reparations, and one of those are these alleged local programs,” said William A. Darity, Jr., an economics professor at Duke University who has studied reparations for decades. Mr. Darity argues that an adequate reparations program, totaling about [$11.2 trillion](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRjMYZ6P0TaaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMS8wNC8zMC9idXNpbmVzcy9yYWNpYWwtd2VhbHRoLWdhcC5odG1sP2NhbXBhaWduX2lkPTM3JmVtYz1lZGl0X3JyXzIwMjEwOTI1Jmluc3RhbmNlX2lkPTQxMjc4Jm5sPXJhY2UlMkZyZWxhdGVkJnJlZ2lfaWQ9Nzc2NzQ5NTImc2VnbWVudF9pZD02OTkyMyZ0ZT0xJnVzZXJfaWQ9YWE0OTFlZjdmMWQ5NjRlNDk3OWZiNzg0ZTc0ZTAxZDdXA255dEIKYUp6AU9hGOOQelIbdHJpc3RyYW1iYWxkd2luOTBAZ21haWwuY29tWAQAAAAA) for an estimated 45 million Americans — more than 13 percent of the U.S. population — who would qualify for it, can only exist on the federal level. Where cities plan to get these funds to support a local reparations program remains to be seen. Some of these local officials are looking for answers that don’t automatically equate to a huge cash payout. For Sacramento’s mayor, Darrell Steinberg, who joined the coalition, reparations for Black people in Sacramento could mean acknowledging decades of housing policies [that segregated the city](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRjMYZ6P0TZaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuY2FwcmFkaW8ub3JnL25ld3MvaW5zaWdodC8yMDE4LzA1LzIyL2luc2lnaHQtMDUyMjE4YS8_Y2FtcGFpZ25faWQ9MzcmZW1jPWVkaXRfcnJfMjAyMTA5MjUmaW5zdGFuY2VfaWQ9NDEyNzgmbmw9cmFjZSUyRnJlbGF0ZWQmcmVnaV9pZD03NzY3NDk1MiZzZWdtZW50X2lkPTY5OTIzJnRlPTEmdXNlcl9pZD1hYTQ5MWVmN2YxZDk2NGU0OTc5ZmI3ODRlNzRlMDFkN1cDbnl0QgphSnoBT2EY45B6Uht0cmlzdHJhbWJhbGR3aW45MEBnbWFpbC5jb21YBAAAAAA~). But cost remains the biggest obstacle. The city just passed its [$1.3 billion budget](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRjMYZ6P0THaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuY2l0eW9mc2FjcmFtZW50by5vcmcvRmluYW5jZS9CdWRnZXQ_Y2FtcGFpZ25faWQ9MzcmZW1jPWVkaXRfcnJfMjAyMTA5MjUmaW5zdGFuY2VfaWQ9NDEyNzgmbmw9cmFjZSUyRnJlbGF0ZWQmcmVnaV9pZD03NzY3NDk1MiZzZWdtZW50X2lkPTY5OTIzJnRlPTEmdXNlcl9pZD1hYTQ5MWVmN2YxZDk2NGU0OTc5ZmI3ODRlNzRlMDFkN1cDbnl0QgphSnoBT2EY45B6Uht0cmlzdHJhbWJhbGR3aW45MEBnbWFpbC5jb21YBAAAAAA~) in June, and Mr. Steinberg is not sure what funding will look like next year. He said that the city remains committed to making something work. “I philosophically support the idea of cash payments for people who are the descendants of slaves, or people who were forced into slavery,” Mr. Steinberg said. “But the challenge is the cost and how you make it meaningful.” For Darrell Steinberg, mayor of Sacramento, reparations for Black people there could mean acknowledging decades of housing policies that segregated the city. ~/AAAAAQA~/RgRjMYZ6P0TUaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuY2FwcmFkaW8ub3JnL25ld3MvaW5zaWdodC8yMDE4LzA1LzIyL2luc2lnaHQtMDUyMjE4YS8_Y2FtcGFpZ25faWQ9MzcmZW1jPWVkaXRfcnJfMjAyMTA5MjUmaW5zdGFuY2VfaWQ9NDEyNzgmbmw9cmFjZSUyRnJlbGF0ZWQmcmVnaV9pZD03NzY3NDk1MiZzZWdtZW50X2lkPTY5OTIzJnVzZXJfaWQ9YWE0OTFlZjdmMWQ5NjRlNDk3OWZiNzg0ZTc0ZTAxZDdXA255dEIKYUp6AU9hGOOQelIbdHJpc3RyYW1iYWxkd2luOTBAZ21haWwuY29tWAQAAAAAJim Wilson/The New York Times In the small town of Carrboro outside of Raleigh, N.C., Mayor Lydia Lavelle said the city is planning to take steps toward reparations for its Black residents, who make up roughly 10 percent of its population. “We can do something at some financial cost to the city,” she said. “Even if it’s moving up the neighborhood roads in historically Black neighborhoods” on the list of streets to be paved. While some remained concerned that a reparations program could never successfully work on a small scale, Mr. Garcetti disagrees. “People are always asking how these cities are going to do reparations, and of course the city of Los Angeles cannot pay for this all alone,” he said. “But you can knock 10 years off the calendar if you can show the successes in these cities or towns.” Some cities are opting for programs that will help Black residents with economic development and financial literacy, rather than a cash payout. While Mr. Williams of Michigan’s Black Democratic caucus isn’t exactly sure what a reparations program could look like in Detroit, his hope is that the city’s program will outlive both him and his 38-year old son. “I don’t want this to just be about me,” he said. “It’s about all of us. I want this to continue.” EDITOR’S PICKS We publish many articles that touch on race. Here are a few you shouldn’t miss. [Article Image](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRjMYZ6P0TYaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMS8wOS8yMy9tYWdhemluZS9jb3ZpZC1sYXMtdmVnYXMuaHRtbD9jYW1wYWlnbl9pZD0zNyZlbWM9ZWRpdF9ycl8yMDIxMDkyNSZpbnN0YW5jZV9pZD00MTI3OCZubD1yYWNlJTJGcmVsYXRlZCZyZWdpX2lkPTc3Njc0OTUyJnNlZ21lbnRfaWQ9Njk5MjMmdGU9MSZ1c2VyX2lkPWFhNDkxZWY3ZjFkOTY0ZTQ5NzlmYjc4NGU3NGUwMWQ3VwNueXRCCmFKegFPYRjjkHpSG3RyaXN0cmFtYmFsZHdpbjkwQGdtYWlsLmNvbVgEAAAAAA~~) [The Voyages Issue We Went to Vegas to Wring Joy From Heartbreak Mitchell S. Jackson and his oldest friends reunited to mourn the ones they lost — and honor the time they have left. By Mitchell S. Jackson](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRjMYZ6P0TYaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMS8wOS8yMy9tYWdhemluZS9jb3ZpZC1sYXMtdmVnYXMuaHRtbD9jYW1wYWlnbl9pZD0zNyZlbWM9ZWRpdF9ycl8yMDIxMDkyNSZpbnN0YW5jZV9pZD00MTI3OCZubD1yYWNlJTJGcmVsYXRlZCZyZWdpX2lkPTc3Njc0OTUyJnNlZ21lbnRfaWQ9Njk5MjMmdGU9MSZ1c2VyX2lkPWFhNDkxZWY3ZjFkOTY0ZTQ5NzlmYjc4NGU3NGUwMWQ3VwNueXRCCmFKegFPYRjjkHpSG3RyaXN0cmFtYmFsZHdpbjkwQGdtYWlsLmNvbVgEAAAAAA~~) [[Article Image] via Wiki Commons](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRjMYZ6P0TdaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMS8wOS8yMi90aGVhdGVyL2FmcmljYW4tZ3JvdmUtdGhlYXRlci5odG1sP2NhbXBhaWduX2lkPTM3JmVtYz1lZGl0X3JyXzIwMjEwOTI1Jmluc3RhbmNlX2lkPTQxMjc4Jm5sPXJhY2UlMkZyZWxhdGVkJnJlZ2lfaWQ9Nzc2NzQ5NTImc2VnbWVudF9pZD02OTkyMyZ0ZT0xJnVzZXJfaWQ9YWE0OTFlZjdmMWQ5NjRlNDk3OWZiNzg0ZTc0ZTAxZDdXA255dEIKYUp6AU9hGOOQelIbdHJpc3RyYW1iYWxkd2luOTBAZ21haWwuY29tWAQAAAAA) [A Black Theater Flourished in New York. 200 Years Ago. The African Theater, which had its first performance on Sept. 17, 1821, is both an inspiration and a cautionary tale. By Maya Phillips](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRjMYZ6P0TdaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMS8wOS8yMi90aGVhdGVyL2FmcmljYW4tZ3JvdmUtdGhlYXRlci5odG1sP2NhbXBhaWduX2lkPTM3JmVtYz1lZGl0X3JyXzIwMjEwOTI1Jmluc3RhbmNlX2lkPTQxMjc4Jm5sPXJhY2UlMkZyZWxhdGVkJnJlZ2lfaWQ9Nzc2NzQ5NTImc2VnbWVudF9pZD02OTkyMyZ0ZT0xJnVzZXJfaWQ9YWE0OTFlZjdmMWQ5NjRlNDk3OWZiNzg0ZTc0ZTAxZDdXA255dEIKYUp6AU9hGOOQelIbdHJpc3RyYW1iYWxkd2luOTBAZ21haWwuY29tWAQAAAAA) [[Article Image] Josefina Santos for The New York Times](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRjMYZ6P0TtaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vaW50ZXJhY3RpdmUvMjAyMS8wOS8yMS9hcnRzL211c2ljL2RvbWluaWNhbi1zb3VuZHN5c3RlbXMuaHRtbD9jYW1wYWlnbl9pZD0zNyZlbWM9ZWRpdF9ycl8yMDIxMDkyNSZpbnN0YW5jZV9pZD00MTI3OCZubD1yYWNlJTJGcmVsYXRlZCZyZWdpX2lkPTc3Njc0OTUyJnNlZ21lbnRfaWQ9Njk5MjMmdGU9MSZ1c2VyX2lkPWFhNDkxZWY3ZjFkOTY0ZTQ5NzlmYjc4NGU3NGUwMWQ3VwNueXRCCmFKegFPYRjjkHpSG3RyaXN0cmFtYmFsZHdpbjkwQGdtYWlsLmNvbVgEAAAAAA~~) [When a Minivan Becomes a Music Machine Inside the world of Dominican car culture, where customized sound systems are an art of their own. By Isabelia Herrera and Josefina Santos](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRjMYZ6P0TtaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vaW50ZXJhY3RpdmUvMjAyMS8wOS8yMS9hcnRzL211c2ljL2RvbWluaWNhbi1zb3VuZHN5c3RlbXMuaHRtbD9jYW1wYWlnbl9pZD0zNyZlbWM9ZWRpdF9ycl8yMDIxMDkyNSZpbnN0YW5jZV9pZD00MTI3OCZubD1yYWNlJTJGcmVsYXRlZCZyZWdpX2lkPTc3Njc0OTUyJnNlZ21lbnRfaWQ9Njk5MjMmdGU9MSZ1c2VyX2lkPWFhNDkxZWY3ZjFkOTY0ZTQ5NzlmYjc4NGU3NGUwMWQ3VwNueXRCCmFKegFPYRjjkHpSG3RyaXN0cmFtYmFsZHdpbjkwQGdtYWlsLmNvbVgEAAAAAA~~) [[Article Image] Wayne Lawrence for The New York Times](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRjMYZ6P0TmaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMS8wOS8yMy9hcnRzL211c2ljL3RlcmVuY2UtYmxhbmNoYXJkLW1ldC1vcGVyYS5odG1sP2NhbXBhaWduX2lkPTM3JmVtYz1lZGl0X3JyXzIwMjEwOTI1Jmluc3RhbmNlX2lkPTQxMjc4Jm5sPXJhY2UlMkZyZWxhdGVkJnJlZ2lfaWQ9Nzc2NzQ5NTImc2VnbWVudF9pZD02OTkyMyZ0ZT0xJnVzZXJfaWQ9YWE0OTFlZjdmMWQ5NjRlNDk3OWZiNzg0ZTc0ZTAxZDdXA255dEIKYUp6AU9hGOOQelIbdHJpc3RyYW1iYWxkd2luOTBAZ21haWwuY29tWAQAAAAA) [A Black Composer Finally Arrives at the Metropolitan Opera Terence Blanchard, best known for scoring Spike Lee films, reopens the 138-year-old opera company with “Fire Shut Up in My Bones.” By Zachary Woolfe](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRjMYZ6P0TmaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMS8wOS8yMy9hcnRzL211c2ljL3RlcmVuY2UtYmxhbmNoYXJkLW1ldC1vcGVyYS5odG1sP2NhbXBhaWduX2lkPTM3JmVtYz1lZGl0X3JyXzIwMjEwOTI1Jmluc3RhbmNlX2lkPTQxMjc4Jm5sPXJhY2UlMkZyZWxhdGVkJnJlZ2lfaWQ9Nzc2NzQ5NTImc2VnbWVudF9pZD02OTkyMyZ0ZT0xJnVzZXJfaWQ9YWE0OTFlZjdmMWQ5NjRlNDk3OWZiNzg0ZTc0ZTAxZDdXA255dEIKYUp6AU9hGOOQelIbdHJpc3RyYW1iYWxkd2luOTBAZ21haWwuY29tWAQAAAAA) [[Article Image] Natalie Keyssar for The New York Times](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRjMYZ6P0TdaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMS8wOS8yMS9ueXJlZ2lvbi90aGFuLXRoYW4taHR3ZS1kZWF0aC5odG1sP2NhbXBhaWduX2lkPTM3JmVtYz1lZGl0X3JyXzIwMjEwOTI1Jmluc3RhbmNlX2lkPTQxMjc4Jm5sPXJhY2UlMkZyZWxhdGVkJnJlZ2lfaWQ9Nzc2NzQ5NTImc2VnbWVudF9pZD02OTkyMyZ0ZT0xJnVzZXJfaWQ9YWE0OTFlZjdmMWQ5NjRlNDk3OWZiNzg0ZTc0ZTAxZDdXA255dEIKYUp6AU9hGOOQelIbdHJpc3RyYW1iYWxkd2luOTBAZ21haWwuY29tWAQAAAAA) [A Family, a Dream and a Season of Fear Than Than Htwe and her husband moved to America in hopes of better opportunity for their son. They were greeted with violence instead. By Corina Knoll](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRjMYZ6P0TdaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMS8wOS8yMS9ueXJlZ2lvbi90aGFuLXRoYW4taHR3ZS1kZWF0aC5odG1sP2NhbXBhaWduX2lkPTM3JmVtYz1lZGl0X3JyXzIwMjEwOTI1Jmluc3RhbmNlX2lkPTQxMjc4Jm5sPXJhY2UlMkZyZWxhdGVkJnJlZ2lfaWQ9Nzc2NzQ5NTImc2VnbWVudF9pZD02OTkyMyZ0ZT0xJnVzZXJfaWQ9YWE0OTFlZjdmMWQ5NjRlNDk3OWZiNzg0ZTc0ZTAxZDdXA255dEIKYUp6AU9hGOOQelIbdHJpc3RyYW1iYWxkd2luOTBAZ21haWwuY29tWAQAAAAA) [[Article Image] Verónica G. Cárdenas for The New York Times](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRjMYZ6P0TfaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMS8wOS8yMC91cy9kZWxyaW8tdGV4YXMtbWlncmFudHMtY3Jpc2lzLmh0bWw_Y2FtcGFpZ25faWQ9MzcmZW1jPWVkaXRfcnJfMjAyMTA5MjUmaW5zdGFuY2VfaWQ9NDEyNzgmbmw9cmFjZSUyRnJlbGF0ZWQmcmVnaV9pZD03NzY3NDk1MiZzZWdtZW50X2lkPTY5OTIzJnRlPTEmdXNlcl9pZD1hYTQ5MWVmN2YxZDk2NGU0OTc5ZmI3ODRlNzRlMDFkN1cDbnl0QgphSnoBT2EY45B6Uht0cmlzdHJhbWJhbGR3aW45MEBnbWFpbC5jb21YBAAAAAA~) [In Texas Border Town, Residents Feel Impact of Migrant Crisis The influx of thousands of migrants has led to squalor under a bridge, and a dispirited town beyond it. By Edgar Sandoval and James Dobbins](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRjMYZ6P0TfaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMS8wOS8yMC91cy9kZWxyaW8tdGV4YXMtbWlncmFudHMtY3Jpc2lzLmh0bWw_Y2FtcGFpZ25faWQ9MzcmZW1jPWVkaXRfcnJfMjAyMTA5MjUmaW5zdGFuY2VfaWQ9NDEyNzgmbmw9cmFjZSUyRnJlbGF0ZWQmcmVnaV9pZD03NzY3NDk1MiZzZWdtZW50X2lkPTY5OTIzJnRlPTEmdXNlcl9pZD1hYTQ5MWVmN2YxZDk2NGU0OTc5ZmI3ODRlNzRlMDFkN1cDbnl0QgphSnoBT2EY45B6Uht0cmlzdHJhbWJhbGR3aW45MEBnbWFpbC5jb21YBAAAAAA~) [[Article Image] Lauren Justice for The New York Times](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRjMYZ6P0TkaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMS8wOS8yNC90cmF2ZWwvYmxhY2stdHJhdmVsLW1hcnRoYXMtdmluZXlhcmQuaHRtbD9jYW1wYWlnbl9pZD0zNyZlbWM9ZWRpdF9ycl8yMDIxMDkyNSZpbnN0YW5jZV9pZD00MTI3OCZubD1yYWNlJTJGcmVsYXRlZCZyZWdpX2lkPTc3Njc0OTUyJnNlZ21lbnRfaWQ9Njk5MjMmdGU9MSZ1c2VyX2lkPWFhNDkxZWY3ZjFkOTY0ZTQ5NzlmYjc4NGU3NGUwMWQ3VwNueXRCCmFKegFPYRjjkHpSG3RyaXN0cmFtYmFsZHdpbjkwQGdtYWlsLmNvbVgEAAAAAA~~) [In Oak Bluffs, Strangers Become Family A first-time visitor to this Martha’s Vineyard town, long cherished by generations of Black travelers, finds that after a devastating year, warm welcomes, a strong sense of pride and the spirit of family remain constants. By J. Nailah Avery](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRjMYZ6P0TkaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMS8wOS8yNC90cmF2ZWwvYmxhY2stdHJhdmVsLW1hcnRoYXMtdmluZXlhcmQuaHRtbD9jYW1wYWlnbl9pZD0zNyZlbWM9ZWRpdF9ycl8yMDIxMDkyNSZpbnN0YW5jZV9pZD00MTI3OCZubD1yYWNlJTJGcmVsYXRlZCZyZWdpX2lkPTc3Njc0OTUyJnNlZ21lbnRfaWQ9Njk5MjMmdGU9MSZ1c2VyX2lkPWFhNDkxZWY3ZjFkOTY0ZTQ5NzlmYjc4NGU3NGUwMWQ3VwNueXRCCmFKegFPYRjjkHpSG3RyaXN0cmFtYmFsZHdpbjkwQGdtYWlsLmNvbVgEAAAAAA~~) [[Article Image] Erika Doss/ABC](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRjMYZ6P0TgaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMS8wOS8yMy9hcnRzL3RlbGV2aXNpb24vdGhlLXdvbmRlci15ZWFycy5odG1sP2NhbXBhaWduX2lkPTM3JmVtYz1lZGl0X3JyXzIwMjEwOTI1Jmluc3RhbmNlX2lkPTQxMjc4Jm5sPXJhY2UlMkZyZWxhdGVkJnJlZ2lfaWQ9Nzc2NzQ5NTImc2VnbWVudF9pZD02OTkyMyZ0ZT0xJnVzZXJfaWQ9YWE0OTFlZjdmMWQ5NjRlNDk3OWZiNzg0ZTc0ZTAxZDdXA255dEIKYUp6AU9hGOOQelIbdHJpc3RyYW1iYWxkd2luOTBAZ21haWwuY29tWAQAAAAA) [Critic’s Notebook Can ‘The Wonder Years’ Break Through the White Noise of Nostalgia? ABC’s reboot is conscious of how remembering the old days is more complicated for its Black characters. By James Poniewozik](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRjMYZ6P0TgaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMS8wOS8yMy9hcnRzL3RlbGV2aXNpb24vdGhlLXdvbmRlci15ZWFycy5odG1sP2NhbXBhaWduX2lkPTM3JmVtYz1lZGl0X3JyXzIwMjEwOTI1Jmluc3RhbmNlX2lkPTQxMjc4Jm5sPXJhY2UlMkZyZWxhdGVkJnJlZ2lfaWQ9Nzc2NzQ5NTImc2VnbWVudF9pZD02OTkyMyZ0ZT0xJnVzZXJfaWQ9YWE0OTFlZjdmMWQ5NjRlNDk3OWZiNzg0ZTc0ZTAxZDdXA255dEIKYUp6AU9hGOOQelIbdHJpc3RyYW1iYWxkd2luOTBAZ21haWwuY29tWAQAAAAA) Invite your friends. 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