School closures have failed America’s children

Plus: Coronavirus variants and the ethics around eating chicken. [View in browser](~/AAAAAQA~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~)|[nytimes.com](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRiGXS6P0SyaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vP2NhbXBhaWduX2lkPTQ1JmVtYz1lZGl0X25rXzIwMjEwMjI1Jmluc3RhbmNlX2lkPTI3NDYyJm5sPW5pY2hvbGFzLWtyaXN0b2YmcmVnaV9pZD03NzY3NDk1MiZzZWdtZW50X2lkPTUyMjg3JnRlPTEmdXNlcl9pZD1hYTQ5MWVmN2YxZDk2NGU0OTc5ZmI3ODRlNzRlMDFkN1cDbnl0QgpgNbrvNmBu8s9YUht0cmlzdHJhbWJhbGR3aW45MEBnbWFpbC5jb21YBAAAAAA~)[Continue reading the main story](#a11y-skip-ad-marquee) ~/AAAAAQA~/RgRiGXS6P0RtaHR0cHM6Ly9saXZlaW50ZW50Lm5ld3lvcmt0aW1lc2luZm8uY29tL2NsaWNrP3M9MTYxOTkwJmxpPU5LJm09YWE0OTFlZjdmMWQ5NjRlNDk3OWZiNzg0ZTc0ZTAxZDcmcD1OS18yMDIxMDIyNVcDbnl0QgpgNbrvNmBu8s9YUht0cmlzdHJhbWJhbGR3aW45MEBnbWFpbC5jb21YBAAAAAA~ [NYTimes.com/Kristof](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRiGXS6P0TIaHR0cDovL3d3dy5ueXRpbWVzLmNvbS9jb2x1bW4vbmljaG9sYXMta3Jpc3RvZj9jYW1wYWlnbl9pZD00NSZlbWM9ZWRpdF9ua18yMDIxMDIyNSZpbnN0YW5jZV9pZD0yNzQ2MiZubD1uaWNob2xhcy1rcmlzdG9mJnJlZ2lfaWQ9Nzc2NzQ5NTImc2VnbWVudF9pZD01MjI4NyZ0ZT0xJnVzZXJfaWQ9YWE0OTFlZjdmMWQ5NjRlNDk3OWZiNzg0ZTc0ZTAxZDdXA255dEIKYDW67zZgbvLPWFIbdHJpc3RyYW1iYWxkd2luOTBAZ21haWwuY29tWAQAAAAA) February 24, 2021 Matt Black/Magnum Photos [Author Headshot](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRiGXS6P0TJaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vY29sdW1uL25pY2hvbGFzLWtyaXN0b2Y_Y2FtcGFpZ25faWQ9NDUmZW1jPWVkaXRfbmtfMjAyMTAyMjUmaW5zdGFuY2VfaWQ9Mjc0NjImbmw9bmljaG9sYXMta3Jpc3RvZiZyZWdpX2lkPTc3Njc0OTUyJnNlZ21lbnRfaWQ9NTIyODcmdGU9MSZ1c2VyX2lkPWFhNDkxZWY3ZjFkOTY0ZTQ5NzlmYjc4NGU3NGUwMWQ3VwNueXRCCmA1uu82YG7yz1hSG3RyaXN0cmFtYmFsZHdpbjkwQGdtYWlsLmNvbVgEAAAAAA~~) By [Nicholas Kristof](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRiGXS6P0TJaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vY29sdW1uL25pY2hvbGFzLWtyaXN0b2Y_Y2FtcGFpZ25faWQ9NDUmZW1jPWVkaXRfbmtfMjAyMTAyMjUmaW5zdGFuY2VfaWQ9Mjc0NjImbmw9bmljaG9sYXMta3Jpc3RvZiZyZWdpX2lkPTc3Njc0OTUyJnNlZ21lbnRfaWQ9NTIyODcmdGU9MSZ1c2VyX2lkPWFhNDkxZWY3ZjFkOTY0ZTQ5NzlmYjc4NGU3NGUwMWQ3VwNueXRCCmA1uu82YG7yz1hSG3RyaXN0cmFtYmFsZHdpbjkwQGdtYWlsLmNvbVgEAAAAAA~~) Opinion Columnist Flags are flying at half-mast across the United States to commemorate the half a million American lives lost to the coronavirus. But [my column today](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRiGXS6P0ToaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMS8wMi8yNC9vcGluaW9uL2NvdmlkLXNjaG9vbC1jbG9zdXJlcy1jaGlsZHJlbi5odG1sP2NhbXBhaWduX2lkPTQ1JmVtYz1lZGl0X25rXzIwMjEwMjI1Jmluc3RhbmNlX2lkPTI3NDYyJm5sPW5pY2hvbGFzLWtyaXN0b2YmcmVnaV9pZD03NzY3NDk1MiZzZWdtZW50X2lkPTUyMjg3JnRlPTEmdXNlcl9pZD1hYTQ5MWVmN2YxZDk2NGU0OTc5ZmI3ODRlNzRlMDFkN1cDbnl0QgpgNbrvNmBu8s9YUht0cmlzdHJhbWJhbGR3aW45MEBnbWFpbC5jb21YBAAAAAA~) confronts another tragedy: Some 3 million American children appear to have effectively dropped out and have had no education, in-person or remote, for nearly a year. The reluctance of many Republicans to embrace masks and social distancing is one reason so many Americans are dead. But the educational losses are disproportionately the fault of Democratic governors and mayors who too often allowed schools to close even as bars opened. The blunt fact is that it is Democrats — including those who run the West Coast, from California through Oregon to Washington State — who have presided over one of the worst blows to the education of disadvantaged Americans in our country’s history. The result: more dropouts, less literacy and numeracy, widening race gaps, and long-term harm to some of America’s most marginalized youth. [My column argues](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRiGXS6P0ToaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMS8wMi8yNC9vcGluaW9uL2NvdmlkLXNjaG9vbC1jbG9zdXJlcy1jaGlsZHJlbi5odG1sP2NhbXBhaWduX2lkPTQ1JmVtYz1lZGl0X25rXzIwMjEwMjI1Jmluc3RhbmNlX2lkPTI3NDYyJm5sPW5pY2hvbGFzLWtyaXN0b2YmcmVnaV9pZD03NzY3NDk1MiZzZWdtZW50X2lkPTUyMjg3JnRlPTEmdXNlcl9pZD1hYTQ5MWVmN2YxZDk2NGU0OTc5ZmI3ODRlNzRlMDFkN1cDbnl0QgpgNbrvNmBu8s9YUht0cmlzdHJhbWJhbGR3aW45MEBnbWFpbC5jb21YBAAAAAA~) that while the evidence isn’t definitive, it suggests that schools have mostly not contributed significantly to community transmission of the coronavirus. And teachers generally do not seem to have been infected at greater rates than people in other occupations. So I argue that we should try harder to keep schools open, and closing them should be a very last resort. [Please read](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRiGXS6P0ToaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMS8wMi8yNC9vcGluaW9uL2NvdmlkLXNjaG9vbC1jbG9zdXJlcy1jaGlsZHJlbi5odG1sP2NhbXBhaWduX2lkPTQ1JmVtYz1lZGl0X25rXzIwMjEwMjI1Jmluc3RhbmNlX2lkPTI3NDYyJm5sPW5pY2hvbGFzLWtyaXN0b2YmcmVnaV9pZD03NzY3NDk1MiZzZWdtZW50X2lkPTUyMjg3JnRlPTEmdXNlcl9pZD1hYTQ5MWVmN2YxZDk2NGU0OTc5ZmI3ODRlNzRlMDFkN1cDbnl0QgpgNbrvNmBu8s9YUht0cmlzdHJhbWJhbGR3aW45MEBnbWFpbC5jb21YBAAAAAA~). [Continue reading the main story](#a11y-skip-0) ADVERTISEMENT ~/AAAAAQA~/RgRiGXS6P0RtaHR0cHM6Ly9saXZlaW50ZW50Lm5ld3lvcmt0aW1lc2luZm8uY29tL2NsaWNrP3M9MTYxOTg3JmxpPU5LJm09YWE0OTFlZjdmMWQ5NjRlNDk3OWZiNzg0ZTc0ZTAxZDcmcD1OS18yMDIxMDIyNVcDbnl0QgpgNbrvNmBu8s9YUht0cmlzdHJhbWJhbGR3aW45MEBnbWFpbC5jb21YBAAAAAA~ ~/AAAAAQA~/RgRiGXS6P0RtaHR0cHM6Ly9saXZlaW50ZW50Lm5ld3lvcmt0aW1lc2luZm8uY29tL2NsaWNrP3M9MTYxOTg5JmxpPU5LJm09YWE0OTFlZjdmMWQ5NjRlNDk3OWZiNzg0ZTc0ZTAxZDcmcD1OS18yMDIxMDIyNVcDbnl0QgpgNbrvNmBu8s9YUht0cmlzdHJhbWJhbGR3aW45MEBnbWFpbC5jb21YBAAAAAA~ ~/AAAAAQA~/RgRiGXS6P0RtaHR0cHM6Ly9saXZlaW50ZW50Lm5ld3lvcmt0aW1lc2luZm8uY29tL2NsaWNrP3M9MTYxOTg4JmxpPU5LJm09YWE0OTFlZjdmMWQ5NjRlNDk3OWZiNzg0ZTc0ZTAxZDcmcD1OS18yMDIxMDIyNVcDbnl0QgpgNbrvNmBu8s9YUht0cmlzdHJhbWJhbGR3aW45MEBnbWFpbC5jb21YBAAAAAA~ So Why Am I Picking on Democrats? Some of you are thinking: Trump’s incompetence helped kill half a million Americans from the virus, and now Kristof is raging at Democrats? Three responses. First, I have credibility to denounce Republicans only if I’m willing to do the same to Democrats. Second, I’d like to reduce polarization, and one way to do that is to model a willingness to criticize my own side. Third, because I tend to be progressive, my work is more likely to change liberal minds than conservative minds. That gives me political capital that I want to use to help causes I care deeply about — like education. Will Coronavirus Variants Make a Liar Out of Me? The evidence I cite in [my column](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRiGXS6P0ToaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMS8wMi8yNC9vcGluaW9uL2NvdmlkLXNjaG9vbC1jbG9zdXJlcy1jaGlsZHJlbi5odG1sP2NhbXBhaWduX2lkPTQ1JmVtYz1lZGl0X25rXzIwMjEwMjI1Jmluc3RhbmNlX2lkPTI3NDYyJm5sPW5pY2hvbGFzLWtyaXN0b2YmcmVnaV9pZD03NzY3NDk1MiZzZWdtZW50X2lkPTUyMjg3JnRlPTEmdXNlcl9pZD1hYTQ5MWVmN2YxZDk2NGU0OTc5ZmI3ODRlNzRlMDFkN1cDbnl0QgpgNbrvNmBu8s9YUht0cmlzdHJhbWJhbGR3aW45MEBnbWFpbC5jb21YBAAAAAA~) is retrospective: In the past, schools were not a significant source of transmission. But it’s possible that new Covid-19 variants will change the picture in the coming weeks or months, and if the facts change, so should our opinions. In particular there’s a [newly identified variant](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRiGXS6P4Q_AWh0dHBzOi8vd3d3LmZvcmJlcy5jb20vc2l0ZXMvd2lsbGlhbWhhc2VsdGluZS8yMDIxLzAyLzI0L25ldy1uaWdlcmlhbi12YXJpYW50LWNvbnRpbnVlcy10aGUtdHJlbmQtb2YtZGFuZ2Vyb3VzLXN0cmFpbnMtdGhyZWF0ZW5pbmctY292aWQtMTktcHJvZ3Jlc3MvP2NhbXBhaWduX2lkPTQ1JmVtYz1lZGl0X25rXzIwMjEwMjI1Jmluc3RhbmNlX2lkPTI3NDYyJm5sPW5pY2hvbGFzLWtyaXN0b2YmcmVnaV9pZD03NzY3NDk1MiZzZWdtZW50X2lkPTUyMjg3JnNoPTI3YjY0M2FkNDE0MCZ0ZT0xJnVzZXJfaWQ9YWE0OTFlZjdmMWQ5NjRlNDk3OWZiNzg0ZTc0ZTAxZDdXA255dEIKYDW67zZgbvLPWFIbdHJpc3RyYW1iYWxkd2luOTBAZ21haWwuY29tWAQAAAAA) from Nigeria that seems problematic, and we should stay alert for signs that it or other variants affect the trade-offs involved in school openings. [Continue reading the main story](#a11y-skip-1) ADVERTISEMENT ~/AAAAAQA~/RgRiGXS6P0RtaHR0cHM6Ly9saXZlaW50ZW50Lm5ld3lvcmt0aW1lc2luZm8uY29tL2NsaWNrP3M9MTI4ODA4JmxpPU5LJm09YWE0OTFlZjdmMWQ5NjRlNDk3OWZiNzg0ZTc0ZTAxZDcmcD1OS18yMDIxMDIyNVcDbnl0QgpgNbrvNmBu8s9YUht0cmlzdHJhbWJhbGR3aW45MEBnbWFpbC5jb21YBAAAAAA~ ~/AAAAAQA~/RgRiGXS6P0RtaHR0cHM6Ly9saXZlaW50ZW50Lm5ld3lvcmt0aW1lc2luZm8uY29tL2NsaWNrP3M9MTI4ODA5JmxpPU5LJm09YWE0OTFlZjdmMWQ5NjRlNDk3OWZiNzg0ZTc0ZTAxZDcmcD1OS18yMDIxMDIyNVcDbnl0QgpgNbrvNmBu8s9YUht0cmlzdHJhbWJhbGR3aW45MEBnbWFpbC5jb21YBAAAAAA~ ~/AAAAAQA~/RgRiGXS6P0RtaHR0cHM6Ly9saXZlaW50ZW50Lm5ld3lvcmt0aW1lc2luZm8uY29tL2NsaWNrP3M9MTI4ODEwJmxpPU5LJm09YWE0OTFlZjdmMWQ5NjRlNDk3OWZiNzg0ZTc0ZTAxZDcmcD1OS18yMDIxMDIyNVcDbnl0QgpgNbrvNmBu8s9YUht0cmlzdHJhbWJhbGR3aW45MEBnbWFpbC5jb21YBAAAAAA~ In any case, these variants underscore why the United States should support the [Covax initiative](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRiGXS6P0TPaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cud2hvLmludC9pbml0aWF0aXZlcy9hY3QtYWNjZWxlcmF0b3IvY292YXg_Y2FtcGFpZ25faWQ9NDUmZW1jPWVkaXRfbmtfMjAyMTAyMjUmaW5zdGFuY2VfaWQ9Mjc0NjImbmw9bmljaG9sYXMta3Jpc3RvZiZyZWdpX2lkPTc3Njc0OTUyJnNlZ21lbnRfaWQ9NTIyODcmdGU9MSZ1c2VyX2lkPWFhNDkxZWY3ZjFkOTY0ZTQ5NzlmYjc4NGU3NGUwMWQ3VwNueXRCCmA1uu82YG7yz1hSG3RyaXN0cmFtYmFsZHdpbjkwQGdtYWlsLmNvbVgEAAAAAA~~) that brings vaccinations to poor countries: The more the virus bounces around the world, the more likely that there will be new variants that evade our vaccine defenses. So I’m glad President Biden backed Covax, and we should celebrate that Ghana on Wednesday became [the first country](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRiGXS6P0TbaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMS8wMi8yNC93b3JsZC9naGFuYS1jb3ZheC12YWNjaW5lLmh0bWw_Y2FtcGFpZ25faWQ9NDUmZW1jPWVkaXRfbmtfMjAyMTAyMjUmaW5zdGFuY2VfaWQ9Mjc0NjImbmw9bmljaG9sYXMta3Jpc3RvZiZyZWdpX2lkPTc3Njc0OTUyJnNlZ21lbnRfaWQ9NTIyODcmdGU9MSZ1c2VyX2lkPWFhNDkxZWY3ZjFkOTY0ZTQ5NzlmYjc4NGU3NGUwMWQ3VwNueXRCCmA1uu82YG7yz1hSG3RyaXN0cmFtYmFsZHdpbjkwQGdtYWlsLmNvbVgEAAAAAA~~) to receive Covax vaccines (600,000 doses). So When Can We Eat Chicken? A reader, John, who seems to live in one of the Dakotas and cooks for the household, emailed me after my Costco chicken column: “After reading your column, my wife announced she will never eat chicken (fowl) again. She had previously announced no more beef, or lamb and pork …. Isn’t there another alternative such as humane raising and butchering of chicken …? I am at a loss, no more chicken soup or stew, no roast chicken on Fridays or turkey for Thanksgiving. Looking for moral guidance.” John, I have enough trouble working out my own ethical principles that I’m reluctant to tell other people what to do. But for what it’s worth, I think there’s an argument that poultry that wander outside lead decent lives, albeit prematurely ended. So maybe you can find a family that raises chickens informally like that, probably as a hobby. For similar reasons, I think there’s a better moral argument for eating beef than for eating chicken: Most beef cattle are pastured in fields and live reasonably pleasant lives until the end comes, whereas modern poultry typically live entirely cramped and wretched lives. [Continue reading the main story](#a11y-skip-2) ADVERTISEMENT ~/AAAAAQA~/RgRiGXS6P0RtaHR0cHM6Ly9saXZlaW50ZW50Lm5ld3lvcmt0aW1lc2luZm8uY29tL2NsaWNrP3M9NzI4Njk1JmxpPU5LJm09YWE0OTFlZjdmMWQ5NjRlNDk3OWZiNzg0ZTc0ZTAxZDcmcD1OS18yMDIxMDIyNVcDbnl0QgpgNbrvNmBu8s9YUht0cmlzdHJhbWJhbGR3aW45MEBnbWFpbC5jb21YBAAAAAA~ ~/AAAAAQA~/RgRiGXS6P0RtaHR0cHM6Ly9saXZlaW50ZW50Lm5ld3lvcmt0aW1lc2luZm8uY29tL2NsaWNrP3M9NzI4Njk2JmxpPU5LJm09YWE0OTFlZjdmMWQ5NjRlNDk3OWZiNzg0ZTc0ZTAxZDcmcD1OS18yMDIxMDIyNVcDbnl0QgpgNbrvNmBu8s9YUht0cmlzdHJhbWJhbGR3aW45MEBnbWFpbC5jb21YBAAAAAA~ ~/AAAAAQA~/RgRiGXS6P0RtaHR0cHM6Ly9saXZlaW50ZW50Lm5ld3lvcmt0aW1lc2luZm8uY29tL2NsaWNrP3M9NzI4Njk4JmxpPU5LJm09YWE0OTFlZjdmMWQ5NjRlNDk3OWZiNzg0ZTc0ZTAxZDcmcD1OS18yMDIxMDIyNVcDbnl0QgpgNbrvNmBu8s9YUht0cmlzdHJhbWJhbGR3aW45MEBnbWFpbC5jb21YBAAAAAA~ For what it’s worth, for the last couple of years I’ve avoided meat, although I do eat fish, shellfish and dairy. And if a meal comes to me on an airplane with meat that is going to be thrown away if I don’t eat it, then I eat it. On occasions when people have cooked a meal for me with meat, I’ve gone ahead and eaten it to be polite. What I’m Reading Adam Grant’s new best seller,[“Think Again,”](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRiGXS6P0TkaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cucGVuZ3VpbnJhbmRvbWhvdXNlLmNvbS9ib29rcy82MDc2NjAvdGhpbmstYWdhaW4tYnktYWRhbS1ncmFudC8_Y2FtcGFpZ25faWQ9NDUmZW1jPWVkaXRfbmtfMjAyMTAyMjUmaW5zdGFuY2VfaWQ9Mjc0NjImbmw9bmljaG9sYXMta3Jpc3RvZiZyZWdpX2lkPTc3Njc0OTUyJnNlZ21lbnRfaWQ9NTIyODcmdGU9MSZ1c2VyX2lkPWFhNDkxZWY3ZjFkOTY0ZTQ5NzlmYjc4NGU3NGUwMWQ3VwNueXRCCmA1uu82YG7yz1hSG3RyaXN0cmFtYmFsZHdpbjkwQGdtYWlsLmNvbVgEAAAAAA~~) explores the importance of being willing to change our own minds, and it also looks at how we can change other people’s minds. That seems a useful skill for a newspaper columnist, no? I admire Grant and am enjoying his book. The Tragedy of Our Empty Schools I hear all the time that it’s too bad that schools have to close, but kids are resilient; they’ll recover. No, sadly the evidence is that many won’t. The San Francisco Federal Reserve Bank this month estimated that educational disruptions during this pandemic may increase the number of high school dropouts over a ten-year span by 3.8 percent. This will reduce the incomes of Americans for the next 70 years, until the last of today’s students leave the work force, the bank projected. So let’s try harder. If we can keep bars and restaurants open, surely we can open schools. Sometimes we may have to close in-person instruction, but that should be a last resort. And let’s plan now for summer school to help children catch up. I’ve seen in so much of my reporting the toll of educational losses, and I fear that we as a country may pay for many decades for mistakes we’re making this year. [Please read](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRiGXS6P0ToaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMS8wMi8yNC9vcGluaW9uL2NvdmlkLXNjaG9vbC1jbG9zdXJlcy1jaGlsZHJlbi5odG1sP2NhbXBhaWduX2lkPTQ1JmVtYz1lZGl0X25rXzIwMjEwMjI1Jmluc3RhbmNlX2lkPTI3NDYyJm5sPW5pY2hvbGFzLWtyaXN0b2YmcmVnaV9pZD03NzY3NDk1MiZzZWdtZW50X2lkPTUyMjg3JnRlPTEmdXNlcl9pZD1hYTQ5MWVmN2YxZDk2NGU0OTc5ZmI3ODRlNzRlMDFkN1cDbnl0QgpgNbrvNmBu8s9YUht0cmlzdHJhbWJhbGR3aW45MEBnbWFpbC5jb21YBAAAAAA~). 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