Plus, do we really hate fighting on Facebook? [View in browser](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRiB_HPP4QzAWh0dHBzOi8vbWVzc2FnaW5nLWN1c3RvbS1uZXdzbGV0dGVycy5ueXRpbWVzLmNvbS90ZW1wbGF0ZS9vYWt2Mj9jYW1wYWlnbl9pZD0xNTgmZW1jPWVkaXRfb3RfMjAyMTAyMTEmaW5zdGFuY2VfaWQ9MjcwMDgmbmw9b24tdGVjaC13aXRoLXNoaXJhLW92aWRlJnByb2R1Y3RDb2RlPU9UJnJlZ2lfaWQ9Nzc2NzQ5NTImc2VnbWVudF9pZD01MTQ2MSZ0ZT0xJnVyaT1ueXQlM0ElMkYlMkZuZXdzbGV0dGVyJTJGMWEzZjYxNDMtMjQ0YS01ZDE4LWFkYTAtMzlkMDFjNWNjMDM0JnVzZXJfaWQ9YWE0OTFlZjdmMWQ5NjRlNDk3OWZiNzg0ZTc0ZTAxZDdXA255dEIKYCHPbCVgmzugWlIbdHJpc3RyYW1iYWxkd2luOTBAZ21haWwuY29tWAQAAAAA)|[nytimes.com](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRiB_HPP0S7aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vP2NhbXBhaWduX2lkPTE1OCZlbWM9ZWRpdF9vdF8yMDIxMDIxMSZpbnN0YW5jZV9pZD0yNzAwOCZubD1vbi10ZWNoLXdpdGgtc2hpcmEtb3ZpZGUmcmVnaV9pZD03NzY3NDk1MiZzZWdtZW50X2lkPTUxNDYxJnRlPTEmdXNlcl9pZD1hYTQ5MWVmN2YxZDk2NGU0OTc5ZmI3ODRlNzRlMDFkN1cDbnl0QgpgIc9sJWCbO6BaUht0cmlzdHJhbWJhbGR3aW45MEBnbWFpbC5jb21YBAAAAAA~)[Continue reading the main story](#a11y-skip-ad-marquee)
~/AAAAAQA~/RgRiB_HPP0RtaHR0cHM6Ly9saXZlaW50ZW50Lm5ld3lvcmt0aW1lc2luZm8uY29tL2NsaWNrP3M9NzQwMTIzJmxpPU9UJm09YWE0OTFlZjdmMWQ5NjRlNDk3OWZiNzg0ZTc0ZTAxZDcmcD1PVF8yMDIxMDIxMVcDbnl0QgpgIc9sJWCbO6BaUht0cmlzdHJhbWJhbGR3aW45MEBnbWFpbC5jb21YBAAAAAA~ [Technology](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRiB_HPP0TNaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vc2VjdGlvbi90ZWNobm9sb2d5P2NhbXBhaWduX2lkPTE1OCZlbWM9ZWRpdF9vdF8yMDIxMDIxMSZpbnN0YW5jZV9pZD0yNzAwOCZubD1vbi10ZWNoLXdpdGgtc2hpcmEtb3ZpZGUmcmVnaV9pZD03NzY3NDk1MiZzZWdtZW50X2lkPTUxNDYxJnRlPTEmdXNlcl9pZD1hYTQ5MWVmN2YxZDk2NGU0OTc5ZmI3ODRlNzRlMDFkN1cDbnl0QgpgIc9sJWCbO6BaUht0cmlzdHJhbWJhbGR3aW45MEBnbWFpbC5jb21YBAAAAAA~) February 11, 2021 Twitter vs. India Karan Singh [Author Headshot](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRiB_HPP0TJaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vYnkvc2hpcmEtb3ZpZGU_Y2FtcGFpZ25faWQ9MTU4JmVtYz1lZGl0X290XzIwMjEwMjExJmluc3RhbmNlX2lkPTI3MDA4Jm5sPW9uLXRlY2gtd2l0aC1zaGlyYS1vdmlkZSZyZWdpX2lkPTc3Njc0OTUyJnNlZ21lbnRfaWQ9NTE0NjEmdGU9MSZ1c2VyX2lkPWFhNDkxZWY3ZjFkOTY0ZTQ5NzlmYjc4NGU3NGUwMWQ3VwNueXRCCmAhz2wlYJs7oFpSG3RyaXN0cmFtYmFsZHdpbjkwQGdtYWlsLmNvbVgEAAAAAA~~) By [Shira Ovide](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRiB_HPP0TJaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vYnkvc2hpcmEtb3ZpZGU_Y2FtcGFpZ25faWQ9MTU4JmVtYz1lZGl0X290XzIwMjEwMjExJmluc3RhbmNlX2lkPTI3MDA4Jm5sPW9uLXRlY2gtd2l0aC1zaGlyYS1vdmlkZSZyZWdpX2lkPTc3Njc0OTUyJnNlZ21lbnRfaWQ9NTE0NjEmdGU9MSZ1c2VyX2lkPWFhNDkxZWY3ZjFkOTY0ZTQ5NzlmYjc4NGU3NGUwMWQ3VwNueXRCCmAhz2wlYJs7oFpSG3RyaXN0cmFtYmFsZHdpbjkwQGdtYWlsLmNvbVgEAAAAAA~~) A remarkable face-off is unfolding between an American internet company and the worldâs largest democracy over the appropriate bounds of free speech. The backdrop is ongoing [protests of farmers](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRiB_HPP0TqaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMS8wMS8yNy93b3JsZC9hc2lhL2luZGlhLWZhcm1lci1wcm90ZXN0Lmh0bWw_Y2FtcGFpZ25faWQ9MTU4JmVtYz1lZGl0X290XzIwMjEwMjExJmluc3RhbmNlX2lkPTI3MDA4Jm5sPW9uLXRlY2gtd2l0aC1zaGlyYS1vdmlkZSZyZWdpX2lkPTc3Njc0OTUyJnNlZ21lbnRfaWQ9NTE0NjEmdGU9MSZ1c2VyX2lkPWFhNDkxZWY3ZjFkOTY0ZTQ5NzlmYjc4NGU3NGUwMWQ3VwNueXRCCmAhz2wlYJs7oFpSG3RyaXN0cmFtYmFsZHdpbjkwQGdtYWlsLmNvbVgEAAAAAA~~) in India opposing new agriculture laws. The Indian government, citing its laws against subversion or threats to public order, demanded that Twitter delete or hide more than 1,100 accounts that it says have encouraged violence or spread misinformation. Twitter [has complied](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRiB_HPP0TjaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMS8wMi8xMC90ZWNobm9sb2d5L2luZGlhLXR3aXR0ZXIuaHRtbD9jYW1wYWlnbl9pZD0xNTgmZW1jPWVkaXRfb3RfMjAyMTAyMTEmaW5zdGFuY2VfaWQ9MjcwMDgmbmw9b24tdGVjaC13aXRoLXNoaXJhLW92aWRlJnJlZ2lfaWQ9Nzc2NzQ5NTImc2VnbWVudF9pZD01MTQ2MSZ0ZT0xJnVzZXJfaWQ9YWE0OTFlZjdmMWQ5NjRlNDk3OWZiNzg0ZTc0ZTAxZDdXA255dEIKYCHPbCVgmzugWlIbdHJpc3RyYW1iYWxkd2luOTBAZ21haWwuY29tWAQAAAAA) with some of Indiaâs orders. But Twitter has [refused to remove accounts](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRiB_HPP4QIAWh0dHBzOi8vd3d3LmJ1enpmZWVkbmV3cy5jb20vYXJ0aWNsZS9wcmFuYXZkaXhpdC90d2l0dGVyLXNheXMtaXQtd29udC1ibG9jay1qb3VybmFsaXN0cy1hY3RpdmlzdHMtYW5kP2NhbXBhaWduX2lkPTE1OCZlbWM9ZWRpdF9vdF8yMDIxMDIxMSZpbnN0YW5jZV9pZD0yNzAwOCZubD1vbi10ZWNoLXdpdGgtc2hpcmEtb3ZpZGUmcmVnaV9pZD03NzY3NDk1MiZzZWdtZW50X2lkPTUxNDYxJnRlPTEmdXNlcl9pZD1hYTQ5MWVmN2YxZDk2NGU0OTc5ZmI3ODRlNzRlMDFkN1cDbnl0QgpgIc9sJWCbO6BaUht0cmlzdHJhbWJhbGR3aW45MEBnbWFpbC5jb21YBAAAAAA~) of journalists, activists and others that the company says are appropriately exercising their right to criticize the government. The government of Prime Minister Narendra Modi is [saying](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRiB_HPP0TaaHR0cHM6Ly9waWIuZ292LmluL1ByZXNzUmVsZXNlRGV0YWlsbS5hc3B4P1BSSUQ9MTY5Njk0NSZjYW1wYWlnbl9pZD0xNTgmZW1jPWVkaXRfb3RfMjAyMTAyMTEmaW5zdGFuY2VfaWQ9MjcwMDgmbmw9b24tdGVjaC13aXRoLXNoaXJhLW92aWRlJnJlZ2lfaWQ9Nzc2NzQ5NTImc2VnbWVudF9pZD01MTQ2MSZ0ZT0xJnVzZXJfaWQ9YWE0OTFlZjdmMWQ5NjRlNDk3OWZiNzg0ZTc0ZTAxZDdXA255dEIKYCHPbCVgmzugWlIbdHJpc3RyYW1iYWxkd2luOTBAZ21haWwuY29tWAQAAAAA) Twitter is breaking the law. Twitter is [saying](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRiB_HPP0T-aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLnR3aXR0ZXIuY29tL2VuX2luL3RvcGljcy9jb21wYW55LzIwMjAvdHdpdHRlcnMtcmVzcG9uc2UtaW5kaWFuLWdvdmVybm1lbnQuaHRtbD9jYW1wYWlnbl9pZD0xNTgmZW1jPWVkaXRfb3RfMjAyMTAyMTEmaW5zdGFuY2VfaWQ9MjcwMDgmbmw9b24tdGVjaC13aXRoLXNoaXJhLW92aWRlJnJlZ2lfaWQ9Nzc2NzQ5NTImc2VnbWVudF9pZD01MTQ2MSZ0ZT0xJnVzZXJfaWQ9YWE0OTFlZjdmMWQ5NjRlNDk3OWZiNzg0ZTc0ZTAxZDdXA255dEIKYCHPbCVgmzugWlIbdHJpc3RyYW1iYWxkd2luOTBAZ21haWwuY29tWAQAAAAA) that India is breaking its own laws. And democracy activists say that tech companies like Twitter shouldnât play along when governments pass laws that effectively shut down free speech. There are regularly disputes between internet companies and governments â both democratic and not â over whether posts break a countryâs laws. Whatâs unusual here is how public and high profile the disagreement is, and that India has threatened to imprison Twitter employees. [Continue reading the main story](#a11y-skip-0) ADVERTISEMENT ~/AAAAAQA~/RgRiB_HPP0RtaHR0cHM6Ly9saXZlaW50ZW50Lm5ld3lvcmt0aW1lc2luZm8uY29tL2NsaWNrP3M9NzQwMTI3JmxpPU9UJm09YWE0OTFlZjdmMWQ5NjRlNDk3OWZiNzg0ZTc0ZTAxZDcmcD1PVF8yMDIxMDIxMVcDbnl0QgpgIc9sJWCbO6BaUht0cmlzdHJhbWJhbGR3aW45MEBnbWFpbC5jb21YBAAAAAA~
~/AAAAAQA~/RgRiB_HPP0RtaHR0cHM6Ly9saXZlaW50ZW50Lm5ld3lvcmt0aW1lc2luZm8uY29tL2NsaWNrP3M9NzQwMTI4JmxpPU9UJm09YWE0OTFlZjdmMWQ5NjRlNDk3OWZiNzg0ZTc0ZTAxZDcmcD1PVF8yMDIxMDIxMVcDbnl0QgpgIc9sJWCbO6BaUht0cmlzdHJhbWJhbGR3aW45MEBnbWFpbC5jb21YBAAAAAA~ ~/AAAAAQA~/RgRiB_HPP0RtaHR0cHM6Ly9saXZlaW50ZW50Lm5ld3lvcmt0aW1lc2luZm8uY29tL2NsaWNrP3M9NzQwMTMwJmxpPU9UJm09YWE0OTFlZjdmMWQ5NjRlNDk3OWZiNzg0ZTc0ZTAxZDcmcD1PVF8yMDIxMDIxMVcDbnl0QgpgIc9sJWCbO6BaUht0cmlzdHJhbWJhbGR3aW45MEBnbWFpbC5jb21YBAAAAAA~ I spoke with [David Kaye](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRiB_HPP0TSaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubGF3LnVjaS5lZHUvZmFjdWx0eS9mdWxsLXRpbWUva2F5ZS8_Y2FtcGFpZ25faWQ9MTU4JmVtYz1lZGl0X290XzIwMjEwMjExJmluc3RhbmNlX2lkPTI3MDA4Jm5sPW9uLXRlY2gtd2l0aC1zaGlyYS1vdmlkZSZyZWdpX2lkPTc3Njc0OTUyJnNlZ21lbnRfaWQ9NTE0NjEmdGU9MSZ1c2VyX2lkPWFhNDkxZWY3ZjFkOTY0ZTQ5NzlmYjc4NGU3NGUwMWQ3VwNueXRCCmAhz2wlYJs7oFpSG3RyaXN0cmFtYmFsZHdpbjkwQGdtYWlsLmNvbVgEAAAAAA~~), a law professor at the University of California at Irvine and former U.N. special rapporteur on free expression, about Twitterâs decisions in India, how they may reverberate and the consequences of a few tech companies setting the rules of global discourse. Shira: Do you think Twitter is making the right call? Kaye: Yes. Twitter is essentially [saying](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRiB_HPP0T-aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLnR3aXR0ZXIuY29tL2VuX2luL3RvcGljcy9jb21wYW55LzIwMjAvdHdpdHRlcnMtcmVzcG9uc2UtaW5kaWFuLWdvdmVybm1lbnQuaHRtbD9jYW1wYWlnbl9pZD0xNTgmZW1jPWVkaXRfb3RfMjAyMTAyMTEmaW5zdGFuY2VfaWQ9MjcwMDgmbmw9b24tdGVjaC13aXRoLXNoaXJhLW92aWRlJnJlZ2lfaWQ9Nzc2NzQ5NTImc2VnbWVudF9pZD01MTQ2MSZ0ZT0xJnVzZXJfaWQ9YWE0OTFlZjdmMWQ5NjRlNDk3OWZiNzg0ZTc0ZTAxZDdXA255dEIKYCHPbCVgmzugWlIbdHJpc3RyYW1iYWxkd2luOTBAZ21haWwuY29tWAQAAAAA) that it wonât comply with orders it considers inconsistent with Indian law and that violate peopleâs human right to free expression. Under the Modi government, India [hasnât acted democratically on the rights of](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRiB_HPP0T6aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMS8wMi8wMy93b3JsZC9hc2lhL2luZGlhLW1vZGktZmFybWVyLXByb3Rlc3QtY2Vuc29yc2hpcC5odG1sP2NhbXBhaWduX2lkPTE1OCZlbWM9ZWRpdF9vdF8yMDIxMDIxMSZpbnN0YW5jZV9pZD0yNzAwOCZubD1vbi10ZWNoLXdpdGgtc2hpcmEtb3ZpZGUmcmVnaV9pZD03NzY3NDk1MiZzZWdtZW50X2lkPTUxNDYxJnRlPTEmdXNlcl9pZD1hYTQ5MWVmN2YxZDk2NGU0OTc5ZmI3ODRlNzRlMDFkN1cDbnl0QgpgIc9sJWCbO6BaUht0cmlzdHJhbWJhbGR3aW45MEBnbWFpbC5jb21YBAAAAAA~)people to speak out against their government. Iâm not sure why Twitter chose this moment to take a stand and not two or three years ago, when the company [took action against people posting about Kashmir](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRiB_HPP0TvaHR0cHM6Ly9jcGoub3JnLzIwMTkvMTAvaW5kaWEtb3BhcXVlLWxlZ2FsLXByb2Nlc3Mtc3VwcHJlc3Mta2FzaG1pci10d2l0dGVyLz9jYW1wYWlnbl9pZD0xNTgmZW1jPWVkaXRfb3RfMjAyMTAyMTEmaW5zdGFuY2VfaWQ9MjcwMDgmbmw9b24tdGVjaC13aXRoLXNoaXJhLW92aWRlJnJlZ2lfaWQ9Nzc2NzQ5NTImc2VnbWVudF9pZD01MTQ2MSZ0ZT0xJnVzZXJfaWQ9YWE0OTFlZjdmMWQ5NjRlNDk3OWZiNzg0ZTc0ZTAxZDdXA255dEIKYCHPbCVgmzugWlIbdHJpc3RyYW1iYWxkd2luOTBAZ21haWwuY29tWAQAAAAA) after pressure from the government. [Continue reading the main story](#a11y-skip-1) ADVERTISEMENT ~/AAAAAQA~/RgRiB_HPP0RtaHR0cHM6Ly9saXZlaW50ZW50Lm5ld3lvcmt0aW1lc2luZm8uY29tL2NsaWNrP3M9NzQwMTMxJmxpPU9UJm09YWE0OTFlZjdmMWQ5NjRlNDk3OWZiNzg0ZTc0ZTAxZDcmcD1PVF8yMDIxMDIxMVcDbnl0QgpgIc9sJWCbO6BaUht0cmlzdHJhbWJhbGR3aW45MEBnbWFpbC5jb21YBAAAAAA~
~/AAAAAQA~/RgRiB_HPP0RtaHR0cHM6Ly9saXZlaW50ZW50Lm5ld3lvcmt0aW1lc2luZm8uY29tL2NsaWNrP3M9NzQwMTMyJmxpPU9UJm09YWE0OTFlZjdmMWQ5NjRlNDk3OWZiNzg0ZTc0ZTAxZDcmcD1PVF8yMDIxMDIxMVcDbnl0QgpgIc9sJWCbO6BaUht0cmlzdHJhbWJhbGR3aW45MEBnbWFpbC5jb21YBAAAAAA~ ~/AAAAAQA~/RgRiB_HPP0RtaHR0cHM6Ly9saXZlaW50ZW50Lm5ld3lvcmt0aW1lc2luZm8uY29tL2NsaWNrP3M9NzQwMTM0JmxpPU9UJm09YWE0OTFlZjdmMWQ5NjRlNDk3OWZiNzg0ZTc0ZTAxZDcmcD1PVF8yMDIxMDIxMVcDbnl0QgpgIc9sJWCbO6BaUht0cmlzdHJhbWJhbGR3aW45MEBnbWFpbC5jb21YBAAAAAA~ In my role at the United Nations back then, I [asked Twitter to explain what happened](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRiB_HPP0T6aHR0cHM6Ly9zcGNvbW1yZXBvcnRzLm9oY2hyLm9yZy9UTVJlc3VsdHNCYXNlL0Rvd25Mb2FkUHVibGljQ29tbXVuaWNhdGlvbkZpbGU_Y2FtcGFpZ25faWQ9MTU4JmVtYz1lZGl0X290XzIwMjEwMjExJmdJZD0yNDIzMCZpbnN0YW5jZV9pZD0yNzAwOCZubD1vbi10ZWNoLXdpdGgtc2hpcmEtb3ZpZGUmcmVnaV9pZD03NzY3NDk1MiZzZWdtZW50X2lkPTUxNDYxJnRlPTEmdXNlcl9pZD1hYTQ5MWVmN2YxZDk2NGU0OTc5ZmI3ODRlNzRlMDFkN1cDbnl0QgpgIc9sJWCbO6BaUht0cmlzdHJhbWJhbGR3aW45MEBnbWFpbC5jb21YBAAAAAA~). The company didnât answer. In a way, this week was Twitterâs response. But Twitter is defying a democratically elected government. People shouldnât be under the impression that these companies see themselves as above the law. An important distinction in India is that the [order came from a government ministry](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRiB_HPP0TzaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuYnV6emZlZWRuZXdzLmNvbS9hcnRpY2xlL3ByYW5hdmRpeGl0L2luZGlhbi1nb3Zlcm5tZW50LWJsb2NrLWNyaXRpY3M_Y2FtcGFpZ25faWQ9MTU4JmVtYz1lZGl0X290XzIwMjEwMjExJmluc3RhbmNlX2lkPTI3MDA4Jm5sPW9uLXRlY2gtd2l0aC1zaGlyYS1vdmlkZSZyZWdpX2lkPTc3Njc0OTUyJnNlZ21lbnRfaWQ9NTE0NjEmdGU9MSZ1c2VyX2lkPWFhNDkxZWY3ZjFkOTY0ZTQ5NzlmYjc4NGU3NGUwMWQ3VwNueXRCCmAhz2wlYJs7oFpSG3RyaXN0cmFtYmFsZHdpbjkwQGdtYWlsLmNvbVgEAAAAAA~~) â not a court. Twitter is saying that Indiaâs demands to block accounts or remove posts didnât come through the regular rule of law. What other questions does the standoff raise for you? I have the same question that people asked after Trump was barred from Facebook and Twitter: [What about all the other countries](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRiB_HPP0TsaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMS8wMS8xNC90ZWNobm9sb2d5L3RydW1wLWZhY2Vib29rLXR3aXR0ZXIuaHRtbD9jYW1wYWlnbl9pZD0xNTgmZW1jPWVkaXRfb3RfMjAyMTAyMTEmaW5zdGFuY2VfaWQ9MjcwMDgmbmw9b24tdGVjaC13aXRoLXNoaXJhLW92aWRlJnJlZ2lfaWQ9Nzc2NzQ5NTImc2VnbWVudF9pZD01MTQ2MSZ0ZT0xJnVzZXJfaWQ9YWE0OTFlZjdmMWQ5NjRlNDk3OWZiNzg0ZTc0ZTAxZDdXA255dEIKYCHPbCVgmzugWlIbdHJpc3RyYW1iYWxkd2luOTBAZ21haWwuY29tWAQAAAAA)? Will Twitter also be more forceful in standing up to governments in Turkey, Egypt or Saudi Arabia? And how far is Twitter willing to go? Would it risk being blocked in India? [Continue reading the main story](#a11y-skip-2) ADVERTISEMENT ~/AAAAAQA~/RgRiB_HPP0RtaHR0cHM6Ly9saXZlaW50ZW50Lm5ld3lvcmt0aW1lc2luZm8uY29tL2NsaWNrP3M9NzQwMTM1JmxpPU9UJm09YWE0OTFlZjdmMWQ5NjRlNDk3OWZiNzg0ZTc0ZTAxZDcmcD1PVF8yMDIxMDIxMVcDbnl0QgpgIc9sJWCbO6BaUht0cmlzdHJhbWJhbGR3aW45MEBnbWFpbC5jb21YBAAAAAA~
~/AAAAAQA~/RgRiB_HPP0RtaHR0cHM6Ly9saXZlaW50ZW50Lm5ld3lvcmt0aW1lc2luZm8uY29tL2NsaWNrP3M9NzQwMTM2JmxpPU9UJm09YWE0OTFlZjdmMWQ5NjRlNDk3OWZiNzg0ZTc0ZTAxZDcmcD1PVF8yMDIxMDIxMVcDbnl0QgpgIc9sJWCbO6BaUht0cmlzdHJhbWJhbGR3aW45MEBnbWFpbC5jb21YBAAAAAA~ ~/AAAAAQA~/RgRiB_HPP0RtaHR0cHM6Ly9saXZlaW50ZW50Lm5ld3lvcmt0aW1lc2luZm8uY29tL2NsaWNrP3M9NzQwMTM4JmxpPU9UJm09YWE0OTFlZjdmMWQ5NjRlNDk3OWZiNzg0ZTc0ZTAxZDcmcD1PVF8yMDIxMDIxMVcDbnl0QgpgIc9sJWCbO6BaUht0cmlzdHJhbWJhbGR3aW45MEBnbWFpbC5jb21YBAAAAAA~ (Twitter does not automatically comply when a government â including the United States â requests that the company pull down content or hand over usersâ data. Here are Twitterâs disclosures on how often it responds to such requests by the authorities in [Saudi Arabia](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRiB_HPP0TgaHR0cHM6Ly90cmFuc3BhcmVuY3kudHdpdHRlci5jb20vZW4vcmVwb3J0cy9jb3VudHJpZXMvc2EuaHRtbD9jYW1wYWlnbl9pZD0xNTgmZW1jPWVkaXRfb3RfMjAyMTAyMTEmaW5zdGFuY2VfaWQ9MjcwMDgmbmw9b24tdGVjaC13aXRoLXNoaXJhLW92aWRlJnJlZ2lfaWQ9Nzc2NzQ5NTImc2VnbWVudF9pZD01MTQ2MSZ0ZT0xJnVzZXJfaWQ9YWE0OTFlZjdmMWQ5NjRlNDk3OWZiNzg0ZTc0ZTAxZDdXA255dEIKYCHPbCVgmzugWlIbdHJpc3RyYW1iYWxkd2luOTBAZ21haWwuY29tWAQAAAAA), [Turkey](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRiB_HPP0TgaHR0cHM6Ly90cmFuc3BhcmVuY3kudHdpdHRlci5jb20vZW4vcmVwb3J0cy9jb3VudHJpZXMvdHIuaHRtbD9jYW1wYWlnbl9pZD0xNTgmZW1jPWVkaXRfb3RfMjAyMTAyMTEmaW5zdGFuY2VfaWQ9MjcwMDgmbmw9b24tdGVjaC13aXRoLXNoaXJhLW92aWRlJnJlZ2lfaWQ9Nzc2NzQ5NTImc2VnbWVudF9pZD01MTQ2MSZ0ZT0xJnVzZXJfaWQ9YWE0OTFlZjdmMWQ5NjRlNDk3OWZiNzg0ZTc0ZTAxZDdXA255dEIKYCHPbCVgmzugWlIbdHJpc3RyYW1iYWxkd2luOTBAZ21haWwuY29tWAQAAAAA), [Egypt](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRiB_HPP0TgaHR0cHM6Ly90cmFuc3BhcmVuY3kudHdpdHRlci5jb20vZW4vcmVwb3J0cy9jb3VudHJpZXMvZWcuaHRtbD9jYW1wYWlnbl9pZD0xNTgmZW1jPWVkaXRfb3RfMjAyMTAyMTEmaW5zdGFuY2VfaWQ9MjcwMDgmbmw9b24tdGVjaC13aXRoLXNoaXJhLW92aWRlJnJlZ2lfaWQ9Nzc2NzQ5NTImc2VnbWVudF9pZD01MTQ2MSZ0ZT0xJnVzZXJfaWQ9YWE0OTFlZjdmMWQ5NjRlNDk3OWZiNzg0ZTc0ZTAxZDdXA255dEIKYCHPbCVgmzugWlIbdHJpc3RyYW1iYWxkd2luOTBAZ21haWwuY29tWAQAAAAA), [India](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRiB_HPP0TgaHR0cHM6Ly90cmFuc3BhcmVuY3kudHdpdHRlci5jb20vZW4vcmVwb3J0cy9jb3VudHJpZXMvaW4uaHRtbD9jYW1wYWlnbl9pZD0xNTgmZW1jPWVkaXRfb3RfMjAyMTAyMTEmaW5zdGFuY2VfaWQ9MjcwMDgmbmw9b24tdGVjaC13aXRoLXNoaXJhLW92aWRlJnJlZ2lfaWQ9Nzc2NzQ5NTImc2VnbWVudF9pZD01MTQ2MSZ0ZT0xJnVzZXJfaWQ9YWE0OTFlZjdmMWQ5NjRlNDk3OWZiNzg0ZTc0ZTAxZDdXA255dEIKYCHPbCVgmzugWlIbdHJpc3RyYW1iYWxkd2luOTBAZ21haWwuY29tWAQAAAAA) and the [United States](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRiB_HPP0TtaHR0cHM6Ly90cmFuc3BhcmVuY3kudHdpdHRlci5jb20vZW4vcmVwb3J0cy9jb3VudHJpZXMvdXMuaHRtbD9jYW1wYWlnbl9pZD0xNTgmZW1jPWVkaXRfb3RfMjAyMTAyMTEmaW5zdGFuY2VfaWQ9MjcwMDgmbmw9b24tdGVjaC13aXRoLXNoaXJhLW92aWRlJnJlZ2lfaWQ9Nzc2NzQ5NTImc2VnbWVudF9pZD01MTQ2MSZ0ZT0xJnVzZXJfaWQ9YWE0OTFlZjdmMWQ5NjRlNDk3OWZiNzg0ZTc0ZTAxZDcjMjAyMC1qYW4tanVuVwNueXRCCmAhz2wlYJs7oFpSG3RyaXN0cmFtYmFsZHdpbjkwQGdtYWlsLmNvbVgEAAAAAA~~).) How should we feel that a few internet companies have the power to shape citizensâ engagement with their governments and set the bounds of appropriate expression? Itâs a problem. These companies have massive and largely unaccountable power. The fundamental question is: [Who decides what is legitimate speech on these platforms](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRiB_HPP0TaaHR0cHM6Ly9nbG9iYWxyZXBvcnRzLmNvbHVtYmlhLmVkdS9ib29rcy9zcGVlY2gtcG9saWNlLz9jYW1wYWlnbl9pZD0xNTgmZW1jPWVkaXRfb3RfMjAyMTAyMTEmaW5zdGFuY2VfaWQ9MjcwMDgmbmw9b24tdGVjaC13aXRoLXNoaXJhLW92aWRlJnJlZ2lfaWQ9Nzc2NzQ5NTImc2VnbWVudF9pZD01MTQ2MSZ0ZT0xJnVzZXJfaWQ9YWE0OTFlZjdmMWQ5NjRlNDk3OWZiNzg0ZTc0ZTAxZDdXA255dEIKYCHPbCVgmzugWlIbdHJpc3RyYW1iYWxkd2luOTBAZ21haWwuY29tWAQAAAAA)? Both the internet companies and governments deserve blame. The companies havenât provided transparency into their operations, their rules and their enforcement. Instead we have perpetual cycles of what look like seat-of-the-pants decisions in response to public pressure. And governments have largely not done the hard work to create smart regulation. What does smart regulation look like? The challenge for democratic governments is to enhance the transparency of social media and put it under a regulatory framework â but not impose content rules that are abused and interfere with the free speech rights of users or the rights of companies to create an environment that they want for users. Thatâs the persistent tension. The European Unionâs [proposed Digital Services Act](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRiB_HPP0TwaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMC8xMi8xNS90ZWNobm9sb2d5L2JpZy10ZWNoLXJlZ3VsYXRpb24tZXVyb3BlLmh0bWw_Y2FtcGFpZ25faWQ9MTU4JmVtYz1lZGl0X290XzIwMjEwMjExJmluc3RhbmNlX2lkPTI3MDA4Jm5sPW9uLXRlY2gtd2l0aC1zaGlyYS1vdmlkZSZyZWdpX2lkPTc3Njc0OTUyJnNlZ21lbnRfaWQ9NTE0NjEmdGU9MSZ1c2VyX2lkPWFhNDkxZWY3ZjFkOTY0ZTQ5NzlmYjc4NGU3NGUwMWQ3VwNueXRCCmAhz2wlYJs7oFpSG3RyaXN0cmFtYmFsZHdpbjkwQGdtYWlsLmNvbVgEAAAAAA~~) is quite sophisticated legislation on this. The U.S. is still screwing this up. (Also read Tom Friedman, the New York Times Opinion columnist, who writes that heâs [rooting for Europeâs strategy for regulating the internet](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRiB_HPP0TuaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMS8wMi8wOS9vcGluaW9uL2N5YmVyc3BhY2UtZGVtb2NyYWN5LWV1cm9wZS5odG1sP2NhbXBhaWduX2lkPTE1OCZlbWM9ZWRpdF9vdF8yMDIxMDIxMSZpbnN0YW5jZV9pZD0yNzAwOCZubD1vbi10ZWNoLXdpdGgtc2hpcmEtb3ZpZGUmcmVnaV9pZD03NzY3NDk1MiZzZWdtZW50X2lkPTUxNDYxJnRlPTEmdXNlcl9pZD1hYTQ5MWVmN2YxZDk2NGU0OTc5ZmI3ODRlNzRlMDFkN1cDbnl0QgpgIc9sJWCbO6BaUht0cmlzdHJhbWJhbGR3aW45MEBnbWFpbC5jb21YBAAAAAA~).) If you donât already get this newsletter in your inbox, [please sign up here](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRiB_HPP0TQaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vbmV3c2xldHRlcnMvc2lnbnVwL09UP2NhbXBhaWduX2lkPTE1OCZlbWM9ZWRpdF9vdF8yMDIxMDIxMSZpbnN0YW5jZV9pZD0yNzAwOCZubD1vbi10ZWNoLXdpdGgtc2hpcmEtb3ZpZGUmcmVnaV9pZD03NzY3NDk1MiZzZWdtZW50X2lkPTUxNDYxJnRlPTEmdXNlcl9pZD1hYTQ5MWVmN2YxZDk2NGU0OTc5ZmI3ODRlNzRlMDFkN1cDbnl0QgpgIc9sJWCbO6BaUht0cmlzdHJhbWJhbGR3aW45MEBnbWFpbC5jb21YBAAAAAA~). Do we really hate fighting on Facebook? Facebook is starting to experiment [with reducing the amount of political posts and material in its news feed](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRiB_HPP0T1aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMS8wMi8xMC90ZWNobm9sb2d5L2ZhY2Vib29rLXJlZHVjZXMtcG9saXRpY3MtZmVlZHMuaHRtbD9jYW1wYWlnbl9pZD0xNTgmZW1jPWVkaXRfb3RfMjAyMTAyMTEmaW5zdGFuY2VfaWQ9MjcwMDgmbmw9b24tdGVjaC13aXRoLXNoaXJhLW92aWRlJnJlZ2lfaWQ9Nzc2NzQ5NTImc2VnbWVudF9pZD01MTQ2MSZ0ZT0xJnVzZXJfaWQ9YWE0OTFlZjdmMWQ5NjRlNDk3OWZiNzg0ZTc0ZTAxZDdXA255dEIKYCHPbCVgmzugWlIbdHJpc3RyYW1iYWxkd2luOTBAZ21haWwuY29tWAQAAAAA). The reason, Mark Zuckerberg explained recently, is that people told Facebook that they âdonât want politics and fighting to take over their experience.â But, uhhh, have they seen Facebook? As my colleague Kevin Roose [has reported](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRiB_HPP4QCAWh0dHBzOi8vd3d3Lm55dGltZXMuY29tLzIwMjAvMDgvMjcvdGVjaG5vbG9neS93aGF0LWlmLWZhY2Vib29rLWlzLXRoZS1yZWFsLXNpbGVudC1tYWpvcml0eS5odG1sP2NhbXBhaWduX2lkPTE1OCZlbWM9ZWRpdF9vdF8yMDIxMDIxMSZpbnN0YW5jZV9pZD0yNzAwOCZubD1vbi10ZWNoLXdpdGgtc2hpcmEtb3ZpZGUmcmVnaV9pZD03NzY3NDk1MiZzZWdtZW50X2lkPTUxNDYxJnRlPTEmdXNlcl9pZD1hYTQ5MWVmN2YxZDk2NGU0OTc5ZmI3ODRlNzRlMDFkN1cDbnl0QgpgIc9sJWCbO6BaUht0cmlzdHJhbWJhbGR3aW45MEBnbWFpbC5jb21YBAAAAAA~) relentlessly â and as an account he created [tweets daily](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRiB_HPP0TFaHR0cHM6Ly90d2l0dGVyLmNvbS9GYWNlYm9va3NUb3AxMD9jYW1wYWlnbl9pZD0xNTgmZW1jPWVkaXRfb3RfMjAyMTAyMTEmaW5zdGFuY2VfaWQ9MjcwMDgmbmw9b24tdGVjaC13aXRoLXNoaXJhLW92aWRlJnJlZ2lfaWQ9Nzc2NzQ5NTImc2VnbWVudF9pZD01MTQ2MSZ0ZT0xJnVzZXJfaWQ9YWE0OTFlZjdmMWQ5NjRlNDk3OWZiNzg0ZTc0ZTAxZDdXA255dEIKYCHPbCVgmzugWlIbdHJpc3RyYW1iYWxkd2luOTBAZ21haWwuY29tWAQAAAAA) â the Facebook posts with links that tend to get the most reactions, shares and comments are overtly political fests of rage. So what is Facebook doing? Kevin and I chatted about this: Shira: Havenât your analyses shown that people do want politics and fury in their news feeds? Kevin: People contain multitudes, and their stated preferences often donât match their revealed preferences. If a nutritionist surveyed me about my ideal diet, Iâd list healthy foods. But if you put a Big Mac in front of me, Iâm going to eat it. I find it believable that Facebook users say they donât want politics and fury, but when their friend posts a [great Bernie Sanders meme](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRiB_HPP0TqaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMS8wMS8yMS91cy9wb2xpdGljcy9iZXJuaWUtc2FuZGVycy1tZW1lLmh0bWw_Y2FtcGFpZ25faWQ9MTU4JmVtYz1lZGl0X290XzIwMjEwMjExJmluc3RhbmNlX2lkPTI3MDA4Jm5sPW9uLXRlY2gtd2l0aC1zaGlyYS1vdmlkZSZyZWdpX2lkPTc3Njc0OTUyJnNlZ21lbnRfaWQ9NTE0NjEmdGU9MSZ1c2VyX2lkPWFhNDkxZWY3ZjFkOTY0ZTQ5NzlmYjc4NGU3NGUwMWQ3VwNueXRCCmAhz2wlYJs7oFpSG3RyaXN0cmFtYmFsZHdpbjkwQGdtYWlsLmNvbVgEAAAAAA~~) ⦠I also suspect that a relatively small number of people are responsible for a huge amount of interactions on Facebook â and that those super sharers are really into politics. Facebook says that only 6 percent of what users in the United States see is political content, so most of Facebook really might be Instant Pot recipes and baby photos. Is Facebookâs silent majority the people who donât want all the politics? Possibly! Or people just arenât honest about (or donât know) what they really want. I guess weâll find out from this Facebook test. Should Facebook give us more of what we actually click on, or what we say we want to click on? Facebook, like basically all social media apps, is designed to give us more of what we like. Itâs very lucrative, but this hasnât gone so well for democracy. So what if a social network were designed to feed our aspirational selves, rather than our lizard-brain impulses? Would we like it more? Or would we miss the drama and the fighting? Before we go ⦠- Americaâs unofficial unemployment hotline: During the pandemic, more Americans have [turned to a Reddit message board](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRiB_HPP0T5aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vaW50ZXJhY3RpdmUvMjAyMS8wMi8xMC9idXNpbmVzcy9lY29ub215L3JlZGRpdC11bmVtcGxveWVkLmh0bWw_Y2FtcGFpZ25faWQ9MTU4JmVtYz1lZGl0X290XzIwMjEwMjExJmluc3RhbmNlX2lkPTI3MDA4Jm5sPW9uLXRlY2gtd2l0aC1zaGlyYS1vdmlkZSZyZWdpX2lkPTc3Njc0OTUyJnNlZ21lbnRfaWQ9NTE0NjEmdGU9MSZ1c2VyX2lkPWFhNDkxZWY3ZjFkOTY0ZTQ5NzlmYjc4NGU3NGUwMWQ3VwNueXRCCmAhz2wlYJs7oFpSG3RyaXN0cmFtYmFsZHdpbjkwQGdtYWlsLmNvbVgEAAAAAA~~) for advice on navigating the confusing unemployment insurance systems, my colleague Ella Koeze writes. Itâs also a place to commiserate with others going through the same difficult circumstances.
- Falling into the algorithm void: Companies that make specialized clothing for people with disabilities say that Facebookâs automated systems routinely reject advertisements and listings for their products. The problem, my colleague Vanessa Friedman writes, is that computers are bad at nuance and Facebookâs systems often [flag adaptive clothing as medical equipment promotions or âadult content,â](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRiB_HPP0T5aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMS8wMi8xMS9zdHlsZS9kaXNhYmxlZC1mYXNoaW9uLWZhY2Vib29rLWRpc2NyaW1pbmF0aW9uLmh0bWw_Y2FtcGFpZ25faWQ9MTU4JmVtYz1lZGl0X290XzIwMjEwMjExJmluc3RhbmNlX2lkPTI3MDA4Jm5sPW9uLXRlY2gtd2l0aC1zaGlyYS1vdmlkZSZyZWdpX2lkPTc3Njc0OTUyJnNlZ21lbnRfaWQ9NTE0NjEmdGU9MSZ1c2VyX2lkPWFhNDkxZWY3ZjFkOTY0ZTQ5NzlmYjc4NGU3NGUwMWQ3VwNueXRCCmAhz2wlYJs7oFpSG3RyaXN0cmFtYmFsZHdpbjkwQGdtYWlsLmNvbVgEAAAAAA~~) which is against the companyâs rules.
- The digital divide, at church: Wired writes about the churches that have thrived as worship largely moved online during the pandemic â and [the struggles of others that didnât have the resources to go virtual](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRiB_HPP0T1aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cud2lyZWQuY29tL3N0b3J5L2NvdmlkLTE5LWRpZ2l0YWwtZGl2aWRlLWdpdmluZy1hbWVyaWNhbi1jaHVyY2hlcy1oZWxsLz9jYW1wYWlnbl9pZD0xNTgmZW1jPWVkaXRfb3RfMjAyMTAyMTEmaW5zdGFuY2VfaWQ9MjcwMDgmbmw9b24tdGVjaC13aXRoLXNoaXJhLW92aWRlJnJlZ2lfaWQ9Nzc2NzQ5NTImc2VnbWVudF9pZD01MTQ2MSZ0ZT0xJnVzZXJfaWQ9YWE0OTFlZjdmMWQ5NjRlNDk3OWZiNzg0ZTc0ZTAxZDdXA255dEIKYCHPbCVgmzugWlIbdHJpc3RyYW1iYWxkd2luOTBAZ21haWwuY29tWAQAAAAA). Hugs to this Eight-year-old Leo wrote a stern letter to his NPR station for not having more broadcasts about dinosaurs. So NPR [asked Leo to interview a dinosaur expert](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRiB_HPP4QBAWh0dHBzOi8vd3d3Lm5wci5vcmcvMjAyMS8wMi8wOS85NjU5NTMwNzgvOC15ZWFyLW9sZC1jYWxscy1vdXQtbnByLWZvci1sYWNrLW9mLWRpbm9zYXVyLXN0b3JpZXM_Y2FtcGFpZ25faWQ9MTU4JmVtYz1lZGl0X290XzIwMjEwMjExJmluc3RhbmNlX2lkPTI3MDA4Jm5sPW9uLXRlY2gtd2l0aC1zaGlyYS1vdmlkZSZyZWdpX2lkPTc3Njc0OTUyJnNlZ21lbnRfaWQ9NTE0NjEmdGU9MSZ1c2VyX2lkPWFhNDkxZWY3ZjFkOTY0ZTQ5NzlmYjc4NGU3NGUwMWQ3VwNueXRCCmAhz2wlYJs7oFpSG3RyaXN0cmFtYmFsZHdpbjkwQGdtYWlsLmNvbVgEAAAAAA~~). It was delightful. We want to hear from you. Tell us what you think of this newsletter and what else youâd like us to explore. 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