Hubris, a case study

Tune in tonight. [View in browser](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRghAgyP4QpAWh0dHBzOi8vbWVzc2FnaW5nLWN1c3RvbS1uZXdzbGV0dGVycy5ueXRpbWVzLmNvbS90ZW1wbGF0ZS9vYWt2Mj9jYW1wYWlnbl9pZD0zOSZlbWM9ZWRpdF90eV8yMDIwMDQyMyZpbnN0YW5jZV9pZD0xNzg4MSZubD1kYXZpZC1sZW9uaGFyZHQmcHJvZHVjdENvZGU9VFkmcmVnaV9pZD03NzY3NDk1MiZzZWdtZW50X2lkPTI1ODAyJnRlPTEmdXJpPW55dCUzQSUyRiUyRm5ld3NsZXR0ZXIlMkYyZjdlZjFjNy1hZWYwLTQ2M2YtYTc5OS02ZWQ4MmU5NGUxZDcmdXNlcl9pZD1hYTQ5MWVmN2YxZDk2NGU0OTc5ZmI3ODRlNzRlMDFkN1cDbnl0QgoAKjKDoV4Fu5tAUht0cmlzdHJhbWJhbGR3aW45MEBnbWFpbC5jb21YBAAAAAA~)|[nytimes.com](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRghAgyP0SxaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vP2NhbXBhaWduX2lkPTM5JmVtYz1lZGl0X3R5XzIwMjAwNDIzJmluc3RhbmNlX2lkPTE3ODgxJm5sPWRhdmlkLWxlb25oYXJkdCZyZWdpX2lkPTc3Njc0OTUyJnNlZ21lbnRfaWQ9MjU4MDImdGU9MSZ1c2VyX2lkPWFhNDkxZWY3ZjFkOTY0ZTQ5NzlmYjc4NGU3NGUwMWQ3VwNueXRCCgAqMoOhXgW7m0BSG3RyaXN0cmFtYmFsZHdpbjkwQGdtYWlsLmNvbVgEAAAAAA~~)[Continue reading the main story](#a11y-skip-ad-marquee) ~/AAAAAQA~/RgRghAgyP0RtaHR0cHM6Ly9saXZlaW50ZW50Lm5ld3lvcmt0aW1lc2luZm8uY29tL2NsaWNrP3M9MTYyMTM5JmxpPVRZJm09YWE0OTFlZjdmMWQ5NjRlNDk3OWZiNzg0ZTc0ZTAxZDcmcD1UWV8yMDIwMDQyM1cDbnl0QgoAKjKDoV4Fu5tAUht0cmlzdHJhbWJhbGR3aW45MEBnbWFpbC5jb21YBAAAAAA~ [NYTimes.com/David-Leonhardt](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRghAgyP0TDaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vYnkvZGF2aWQtbGVvbmhhcmR0P2NhbXBhaWduX2lkPTM5JmVtYz1lZGl0X3R5XzIwMjAwNDIzJmluc3RhbmNlX2lkPTE3ODgxJm5sPWRhdmlkLWxlb25oYXJkdCZyZWdpX2lkPTc3Njc0OTUyJnNlZ21lbnRfaWQ9MjU4MDImdGU9MSZ1c2VyX2lkPWFhNDkxZWY3ZjFkOTY0ZTQ5NzlmYjc4NGU3NGUwMWQ3VwNueXRCCgAqMoOhXgW7m0BSG3RyaXN0cmFtYmFsZHdpbjkwQGdtYWlsLmNvbVgEAAAAAA~~) April 23, 2020 [Author Headshot](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRghAgyP0TDaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vYnkvZGF2aWQtbGVvbmhhcmR0P2NhbXBhaWduX2lkPTM5JmVtYz1lZGl0X3R5XzIwMjAwNDIzJmluc3RhbmNlX2lkPTE3ODgxJm5sPWRhdmlkLWxlb25oYXJkdCZyZWdpX2lkPTc3Njc0OTUyJnNlZ21lbnRfaWQ9MjU4MDImdGU9MSZ1c2VyX2lkPWFhNDkxZWY3ZjFkOTY0ZTQ5NzlmYjc4NGU3NGUwMWQ3VwNueXRCCgAqMoOhXgW7m0BSG3RyaXN0cmFtYmFsZHdpbjkwQGdtYWlsLmNvbVgEAAAAAA~~) By [David Leonhardt](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRghAgyP0TDaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vYnkvZGF2aWQtbGVvbmhhcmR0P2NhbXBhaWduX2lkPTM5JmVtYz1lZGl0X3R5XzIwMjAwNDIzJmluc3RhbmNlX2lkPTE3ODgxJm5sPWRhdmlkLWxlb25oYXJkdCZyZWdpX2lkPTc3Njc0OTUyJnNlZ21lbnRfaWQ9MjU4MDImdGU9MSZ1c2VyX2lkPWFhNDkxZWY3ZjFkOTY0ZTQ5NzlmYjc4NGU3NGUwMWQ3VwNueXRCCgAqMoOhXgW7m0BSG3RyaXN0cmFtYmFsZHdpbjkwQGdtYWlsLmNvbVgEAAAAAA~~) Opinion Columnist This year’s National Football League draft will begin tonight. As one of the first normal sports events in months, it’s likely to get [huge television ratings](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRghAgyP0TnaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMC8wNC8yMC9zcG9ydHMvZm9vdGJhbGwvbmZsLWRyYWZ0LXZpcnR1YWwtcGFzdC5odG1sP2NhbXBhaWduX2lkPTM5JmVtYz1lZGl0X3R5XzIwMjAwNDIzJmluc3RhbmNlX2lkPTE3ODgxJm5sPWRhdmlkLWxlb25oYXJkdCZyZWdpX2lkPTc3Njc0OTUyJnNlZ21lbnRfaWQ9MjU4MDImdGU9MSZ1c2VyX2lkPWFhNDkxZWY3ZjFkOTY0ZTQ5NzlmYjc4NGU3NGUwMWQ3VwNueXRCCgAqMoOhXgW7m0BSG3RyaXN0cmFtYmFsZHdpbjkwQGdtYWlsLmNvbVgEAAAAAA~~). I realize that many readers of this newsletter may not be sports fans, but I want to talk about the draft because it’s a fascinating window into human irrationality, with lessons even for people who don’t like football. Here’s the brief version: Many people — including experts, with great resources at their disposal — are shockingly overconfident about their ability to forecast the future. About 15 years ago, two economists, Richard Thaler (who has since [won a Nobel Prize](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRghAgyP0TfaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubm9iZWxwcml6ZS5vcmcvcHJpemVzL2Vjb25vbWljLXNjaWVuY2VzLzIwMTcvdGhhbGVyL2ZhY3RzLz9jYW1wYWlnbl9pZD0zOSZlbWM9ZWRpdF90eV8yMDIwMDQyMyZpbnN0YW5jZV9pZD0xNzg4MSZubD1kYXZpZC1sZW9uaGFyZHQmcmVnaV9pZD03NzY3NDk1MiZzZWdtZW50X2lkPTI1ODAyJnRlPTEmdXNlcl9pZD1hYTQ5MWVmN2YxZDk2NGU0OTc5ZmI3ODRlNzRlMDFkN1cDbnl0QgoAKjKDoV4Fu5tAUht0cmlzdHJhbWJhbGR3aW45MEBnbWFpbC5jb21YBAAAAAA~)) and Cade Massey, set out to study the history of the draft. They analyzed where in the draft order different players were chosen and then compared the order to the players’ later performance. Thaler and Massey discovered that, despite the time and money that football teams devoted to studying players, the teams weren’t very good at predicting who would be the best. Those chosen early often had less impressive careers than those chosen later. The chance that a player at a given position turns out to be better than the next player drafted at that same position is only 52 percent, not much better than a coin flip. Predicting the career paths of 22-year-olds in any field is hard. [Continue reading the main story](#a11y-skip-0) ADVERTISEMENT ~/AAAAAQA~/RgRghAgyP0RsaHR0cHM6Ly9saXZlaW50ZW50Lm5ld3lvcmt0aW1lc2luZm8uY29tL2NsaWNrP3M9NTk3ODUmbGk9VFkmbT1hYTQ5MWVmN2YxZDk2NGU0OTc5ZmI3ODRlNzRlMDFkNyZwPVRZXzIwMjAwNDIzVwNueXRCCgAqMoOhXgW7m0BSG3RyaXN0cmFtYmFsZHdpbjkwQGdtYWlsLmNvbVgEAAAAAA~~ ~/AAAAAQA~/RgRghAgyP0RsaHR0cHM6Ly9saXZlaW50ZW50Lm5ld3lvcmt0aW1lc2luZm8uY29tL2NsaWNrP3M9NTk3ODcmbGk9VFkmbT1hYTQ5MWVmN2YxZDk2NGU0OTc5ZmI3ODRlNzRlMDFkNyZwPVRZXzIwMjAwNDIzVwNueXRCCgAqMoOhXgW7m0BSG3RyaXN0cmFtYmFsZHdpbjkwQGdtYWlsLmNvbVgEAAAAAA~~ ~/AAAAAQA~/RgRghAgyP0RsaHR0cHM6Ly9saXZlaW50ZW50Lm5ld3lvcmt0aW1lc2luZm8uY29tL2NsaWNrP3M9NTk3ODYmbGk9VFkmbT1hYTQ5MWVmN2YxZDk2NGU0OTc5ZmI3ODRlNzRlMDFkNyZwPVRZXzIwMjAwNDIzVwNueXRCCgAqMoOhXgW7m0BSG3RyaXN0cmFtYmFsZHdpbjkwQGdtYWlsLmNvbVgEAAAAAA~~ Consider that neither of the past two Super Bowl-winning quarterbacks (Patrick Mahomes and Tom Brady) were chosen at the very top, while several recent #1 picks (like Baker Mayfield and Jameis Winston) have struggled. And yet N.F.L. teams continue to treat the very top picks as far more valuable than picks slightly further down. They’re often willing to trade multiple picks later in a draft for a single pick near the top. It’s irrational, and predictably so, but the N.F.L. teams can’t help themselves. Executives remember the exceptions — the top picks who turned out to be as good as advertised — and convince themselves that they can pull off another one. “Even the smartest guys in the world, the guys who spend hours with game film, can’t predict this with much success,” Massey has told me. “There’s no crime in that. The crime is thinking you can predict it.” The savviest teams have realized they can exploit this irrationality by trading one of their high picks for multiple picks lower down. They effectively swap the ability to choose the one player they want for the ability to take chances on multiple players. They embrace humility. The Dallas Cowboys [built](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRghAgyP4QqAWh0dHBzOi8vd3d3LmRhbGxhc25ld3MuY29tL3Nwb3J0cy9jb3dib3lzLzIwMTkvMTAvMTIvaXRzLWJlZW4tMzAteWVhcnMtc2luY2UtdGhlLWNvd2JveXMtdHJhZGVkLWhlcnNjaGVsLXdhbGtlci10by10aGUtdmlraW5ncy1mdWVsaW5nLWEtZHluYXN0eS8_Y2FtcGFpZ25faWQ9MzkmZW1jPWVkaXRfdHlfMjAyMDA0MjMmaW5zdGFuY2VfaWQ9MTc4ODEmbmw9ZGF2aWQtbGVvbmhhcmR0JnJlZ2lfaWQ9Nzc2NzQ5NTImc2VnbWVudF9pZD0yNTgwMiZ0ZT0xJnVzZXJfaWQ9YWE0OTFlZjdmMWQ5NjRlNDk3OWZiNzg0ZTc0ZTAxZDdXA255dEIKACoyg6FeBbubQFIbdHJpc3RyYW1iYWxkd2luOTBAZ21haWwuY29tWAQAAAAA) a championship team in the 1990s with this approach, and the New England Patriots have done so over the past two decades. [Continue reading the main story](#a11y-skip-1) ADVERTISEMENT ~/AAAAAQA~/RgRghAgyP0RtaHR0cHM6Ly9saXZlaW50ZW50Lm5ld3lvcmt0aW1lc2luZm8uY29tL2NsaWNrP3M9MjAxODEyJmxpPVRZJm09YWE0OTFlZjdmMWQ5NjRlNDk3OWZiNzg0ZTc0ZTAxZDcmcD1UWV8yMDIwMDQyM1cDbnl0QgoAKjKDoV4Fu5tAUht0cmlzdHJhbWJhbGR3aW45MEBnbWFpbC5jb21YBAAAAAA~ ~/AAAAAQA~/RgRghAgyP0RtaHR0cHM6Ly9saXZlaW50ZW50Lm5ld3lvcmt0aW1lc2luZm8uY29tL2NsaWNrP3M9MjAxODEzJmxpPVRZJm09YWE0OTFlZjdmMWQ5NjRlNDk3OWZiNzg0ZTc0ZTAxZDcmcD1UWV8yMDIwMDQyM1cDbnl0QgoAKjKDoV4Fu5tAUht0cmlzdHJhbWJhbGR3aW45MEBnbWFpbC5jb21YBAAAAAA~ ~/AAAAAQA~/RgRghAgyP0RtaHR0cHM6Ly9saXZlaW50ZW50Lm5ld3lvcmt0aW1lc2luZm8uY29tL2NsaWNrP3M9MjAxODE0JmxpPVRZJm09YWE0OTFlZjdmMWQ5NjRlNDk3OWZiNzg0ZTc0ZTAxZDcmcD1UWV8yMDIwMDQyM1cDbnl0QgoAKjKDoV4Fu5tAUht0cmlzdHJhbWJhbGR3aW45MEBnbWFpbC5jb21YBAAAAAA~ Tonight, the teams with the most glaring opportunities to trade down are the Detroit Lions (who pick third) and the New York Giants (fourth). The Lions and Giants have also been two of the worst-run franchises in recent years. So allow me to suggest some [last-minute reading](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRghAgyP0TpaHR0cHM6Ly9yZXBvc2l0b3J5LnVwZW5uLmVkdS9jZ2kvdmlld2NvbnRlbnQuY2dpP2FydGljbGU9MTEzOCZjYW1wYWlnbl9pZD0zOSZjb250ZXh0PW9pZF9wYXBlcnMmZW1jPWVkaXRfdHlfMjAyMDA0MjMmaW5zdGFuY2VfaWQ9MTc4ODEmbmw9ZGF2aWQtbGVvbmhhcmR0JnJlZ2lfaWQ9Nzc2NzQ5NTImc2VnbWVudF9pZD0yNTgwMiZ0ZT0xJnVzZXJfaWQ9YWE0OTFlZjdmMWQ5NjRlNDk3OWZiNzg0ZTc0ZTAxZDdXA255dEIKACoyg6FeBbubQFIbdHJpc3RyYW1iYWxkd2luOTBAZ21haWwuY29tWAQAAAAA) for their executives — and for anyone who enjoys an unusually well-written academic research paper. The official title is: “The Loser’s Curse: Decision Making and Market Efficiency in the National Football League Draft.” For more … - The Massey-Thaler paper is part of a long line of research on human overconfidence. One famous experiment found that psychologists became more confident — [but no more accurate](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRghAgyP0T-aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAwNS8wNC8yNC93ZWVraW5yZXZpZXcvdGhlLW5mbC1kcmFmdC1hLXN0dWR5LWluLWNvY2tleWVkLW92ZXJjb25maWRlbmNlLmh0bWw_Y2FtcGFpZ25faWQ9MzkmZW1jPWVkaXRfdHlfMjAyMDA0MjMmaW5zdGFuY2VfaWQ9MTc4ODEmbmw9ZGF2aWQtbGVvbmhhcmR0JnJlZ2lfaWQ9Nzc2NzQ5NTImc2VnbWVudF9pZD0yNTgwMiZ0ZT0xJnVzZXJfaWQ9YWE0OTFlZjdmMWQ5NjRlNDk3OWZiNzg0ZTc0ZTAxZDdXA255dEIKACoyg6FeBbubQFIbdHJpc3RyYW1iYWxkd2luOTBAZ21haWwuY29tWAQAAAAA) — in their diagnoses as they received more information. - As [Maria Konnikova](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRghAgyP4QUAWh0dHBzOi8vYmxvZ3Muc2NpZW50aWZpY2FtZXJpY2FuLmNvbS9ndWVzdC1ibG9nL2xlc3NvbnMtZnJvbS1zaGVybG9jay1ob2xtZXMtY29uZmlkZW5jZS1pcy1nb29kLW92ZXJjb25maWRlbmNlLW5vdC1zby1tdWNoLz9jYW1wYWlnbl9pZD0zOSZlbWM9ZWRpdF90eV8yMDIwMDQyMyZpbnN0YW5jZV9pZD0xNzg4MSZubD1kYXZpZC1sZW9uaGFyZHQmcmVnaV9pZD03NzY3NDk1MiZzZWdtZW50X2lkPTI1ODAyJnRlPTEmdXNlcl9pZD1hYTQ5MWVmN2YxZDk2NGU0OTc5ZmI3ODRlNzRlMDFkN1cDbnl0QgoAKjKDoV4Fu5tAUht0cmlzdHJhbWJhbGR3aW45MEBnbWFpbC5jb21YBAAAAAA~) wrote in Scientific American: We tend to be underconfident on easy problems and overconfident on difficult ones. In other words, we underestimate our ability to do well when all signs point to success, and we overestimate it when the signs become much less favorable, failing to adjust enough for the change in external circumstances. Second, it increases with familiarity. If I’m doing something for the first time, I will likely be cautious. But if I do it many times over, I am increasingly likely to trust in my ability and become complacent, even if the landscape should change (overconfident drivers, anyone?). - I spoke to Thaler yesterday, and he offered a prediction for tonight: If any high profile trades happen, the team that moves up in the draft will select a quarterback — and will pay the traditional market price in draft picks for doing so. (N.F.L. teams use a chart that describes [the supposed value](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRghAgyP0TbaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cucHJvLWZvb3RiYWxsLXJlZmVyZW5jZS5jb20vZHJhZnQvZHJhZnRfdHJhZGVfdmFsdWUuaHRtP2NhbXBhaWduX2lkPTM5JmVtYz1lZGl0X3R5XzIwMjAwNDIzJmluc3RhbmNlX2lkPTE3ODgxJm5sPWRhdmlkLWxlb25oYXJkdCZyZWdpX2lkPTc3Njc0OTUyJnNlZ21lbnRfaWQ9MjU4MDImdGU9MSZ1c2VyX2lkPWFhNDkxZWY3ZjFkOTY0ZTQ5NzlmYjc4NGU3NGUwMWQ3VwNueXRCCgAqMoOhXgW7m0BSG3RyaXN0cmFtYmFsZHdpbjkwQGdtYWlsLmNvbVgEAAAAAA~~) of each draft pick; the chart substantially exaggerates the value of top picks.) - The social psychologist Philip Tetlock has done extensive research into forecasting failures, including his book with Dan Gardner, [“Superforecasting.”](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRghAgyP0T-aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cucGVuZ3VpbnJhbmRvbWhvdXNlLmNvbS9ib29rcy8yMjc4MTUvc3VwZXJmb3JlY2FzdGluZy1ieS1waGlsaXAtZS10ZXRsb2NrLWFuZC1kYW4tZ2FyZG5lci8_Y2FtcGFpZ25faWQ9MzkmZW1jPWVkaXRfdHlfMjAyMDA0MjMmaW5zdGFuY2VfaWQ9MTc4ODEmbmw9ZGF2aWQtbGVvbmhhcmR0JnJlZ2lfaWQ9Nzc2NzQ5NTImc2VnbWVudF9pZD0yNTgwMiZ0ZT0xJnVzZXJfaWQ9YWE0OTFlZjdmMWQ5NjRlNDk3OWZiNzg0ZTc0ZTAxZDdXA255dEIKACoyg6FeBbubQFIbdHJpc3RyYW1iYWxkd2luOTBAZ21haWwuY29tWAQAAAAA) - “For more than a month, American culture has existed on a split screen. On one hand, movies and theater and travel and every other sport ground to a halt,” The Ringer’s [Bryan Curtis](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRghAgyP0TyaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cudGhlcmluZ2VyLmNvbS8yMDIwLzQvMjIvMjEyMzA1NjgvbmZsLWRyYWZ0LXF1YXJhbnRpbmUtc3VwZXItYm93bC1zcG9ydHMtbWVkaWE_Y2FtcGFpZ25faWQ9MzkmZW1jPWVkaXRfdHlfMjAyMDA0MjMmaW5zdGFuY2VfaWQ9MTc4ODEmbmw9ZGF2aWQtbGVvbmhhcmR0JnJlZ2lfaWQ9Nzc2NzQ5NTImc2VnbWVudF9pZD0yNTgwMiZ0ZT0xJnVzZXJfaWQ9YWE0OTFlZjdmMWQ5NjRlNDk3OWZiNzg0ZTc0ZTAxZDdXA255dEIKACoyg6FeBbubQFIbdHJpc3RyYW1iYWxkd2luOTBAZ21haWwuY29tWAQAAAAA) writes. On the other hand, the N.F.L. keeps going — in part because it’s in its offseason. Curtis describes tonight’s draft as “the Quarantine Super Bowl.” Forward this newsletter to friends ... ... and they can [sign up for themselves here](~/AAAAAQA~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). It’s free and published every weekday, with help from my colleague Ian Prasad Philbrick. DAVID’S MORNING NYT READ [It’s Too Soon to Reopen States. The Coronavirus Is Not Under Control. Leaders are overestimating how far we’ve come and are underestimating what it will take to manage Covid-19 in a near-normal world. By Aaron E. Carroll](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRghAgyP0TiaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMC8wNC8yMi9vcGluaW9uL2Nvcm9uYXZpcnVzLXN0YXRlcy1yZW9wZW4uaHRtbD9jYW1wYWlnbl9pZD0zOSZlbWM9ZWRpdF90eV8yMDIwMDQyMyZpbnN0YW5jZV9pZD0xNzg4MSZubD1kYXZpZC1sZW9uaGFyZHQmcmVnaV9pZD03NzY3NDk1MiZzZWdtZW50X2lkPTI1ODAyJnRlPTEmdXNlcl9pZD1hYTQ5MWVmN2YxZDk2NGU0OTc5ZmI3ODRlNzRlMDFkN1cDbnl0QgoAKjKDoV4Fu5tAUht0cmlzdHJhbWJhbGR3aW45MEBnbWFpbC5jb21YBAAAAAA~) [Article Thumbnail](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRghAgyP0TiaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMC8wNC8yMi9vcGluaW9uL2Nvcm9uYXZpcnVzLXN0YXRlcy1yZW9wZW4uaHRtbD9jYW1wYWlnbl9pZD0zOSZlbWM9ZWRpdF90eV8yMDIwMDQyMyZpbnN0YW5jZV9pZD0xNzg4MSZubD1kYXZpZC1sZW9uaGFyZHQmcmVnaV9pZD03NzY3NDk1MiZzZWdtZW50X2lkPTI1ODAyJnRlPTEmdXNlcl9pZD1hYTQ5MWVmN2YxZDk2NGU0OTc5ZmI3ODRlNzRlMDFkN1cDbnl0QgoAKjKDoV4Fu5tAUht0cmlzdHJhbWJhbGR3aW45MEBnbWFpbC5jb21YBAAAAAA~) [Continue reading the main story](#a11y-skip-2) ADVERTISEMENT ~/AAAAAQA~/RgRghAgyP0RtaHR0cHM6Ly9saXZlaW50ZW50Lm5ld3lvcmt0aW1lc2luZm8uY29tL2NsaWNrP3M9NzI2NTM3JmxpPVRZJm09YWE0OTFlZjdmMWQ5NjRlNDk3OWZiNzg0ZTc0ZTAxZDcmcD1UWV8yMDIwMDQyM1cDbnl0QgoAKjKDoV4Fu5tAUht0cmlzdHJhbWJhbGR3aW45MEBnbWFpbC5jb21YBAAAAAA~ ~/AAAAAQA~/RgRghAgyP0RtaHR0cHM6Ly9saXZlaW50ZW50Lm5ld3lvcmt0aW1lc2luZm8uY29tL2NsaWNrP3M9NzI2NTM4JmxpPVRZJm09YWE0OTFlZjdmMWQ5NjRlNDk3OWZiNzg0ZTc0ZTAxZDcmcD1UWV8yMDIwMDQyM1cDbnl0QgoAKjKDoV4Fu5tAUht0cmlzdHJhbWJhbGR3aW45MEBnbWFpbC5jb21YBAAAAAA~ ~/AAAAAQA~/RgRghAgyP0RtaHR0cHM6Ly9saXZlaW50ZW50Lm5ld3lvcmt0aW1lc2luZm8uY29tL2NsaWNrP3M9NzI2NTQwJmxpPVRZJm09YWE0OTFlZjdmMWQ5NjRlNDk3OWZiNzg0ZTc0ZTAxZDcmcD1UWV8yMDIwMDQyM1cDbnl0QgoAKjKDoV4Fu5tAUht0cmlzdHJhbWJhbGR3aW45MEBnbWFpbC5jb21YBAAAAAA~ THE LATEST EPISODE OF “THE ARGUMENT” [Does New York Survive the Coronavirus? A conversation with The Times’s Big City columnist, Ginia Bellafante.](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRghAgyP0TvaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMC8wNC8yMy9vcGluaW9uL3RoZS1hcmd1bWVudC1jb3JvbmF2aXJ1cy1uZXcteW9yay1jaXR5Lmh0bWw_Y2FtcGFpZ25faWQ9MzkmZW1jPWVkaXRfdHlfMjAyMDA0MjMmaW5zdGFuY2VfaWQ9MTc4ODEmbmw9ZGF2aWQtbGVvbmhhcmR0JnJlZ2lfaWQ9Nzc2NzQ5NTImc2VnbWVudF9pZD0yNTgwMiZ0ZT0xJnVzZXJfaWQ9YWE0OTFlZjdmMWQ5NjRlNDk3OWZiNzg0ZTc0ZTAxZDdXA255dEIKACoyg6FeBbubQFIbdHJpc3RyYW1iYWxkd2luOTBAZ21haWwuY29tWAQAAAAA) THE FULL OPINION REPORT [Covid-19 Threatens Global Safety Net Developing nations will need help with the economic and public health disruptions from coronavirus. But institutions designed to help are being hobbled. By The Editorial Board](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRghAgyP0TWaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMC8wNC8yMi9vcGluaW9uL2NvdmlkLXdoby1pbWYuaHRtbD9jYW1wYWlnbl9pZD0zOSZlbWM9ZWRpdF90eV8yMDIwMDQyMyZpbnN0YW5jZV9pZD0xNzg4MSZubD1kYXZpZC1sZW9uaGFyZHQmcmVnaV9pZD03NzY3NDk1MiZzZWdtZW50X2lkPTI1ODAyJnRlPTEmdXNlcl9pZD1hYTQ5MWVmN2YxZDk2NGU0OTc5ZmI3ODRlNzRlMDFkN1cDbnl0QgoAKjKDoV4Fu5tAUht0cmlzdHJhbWJhbGR3aW45MEBnbWFpbC5jb21YBAAAAAA~) [Article Thumbnail](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRghAgyP0TWaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMC8wNC8yMi9vcGluaW9uL2NvdmlkLXdoby1pbWYuaHRtbD9jYW1wYWlnbl9pZD0zOSZlbWM9ZWRpdF90eV8yMDIwMDQyMyZpbnN0YW5jZV9pZD0xNzg4MSZubD1kYXZpZC1sZW9uaGFyZHQmcmVnaV9pZD03NzY3NDk1MiZzZWdtZW50X2lkPTI1ODAyJnRlPTEmdXNlcl9pZD1hYTQ5MWVmN2YxZDk2NGU0OTc5ZmI3ODRlNzRlMDFkN1cDbnl0QgoAKjKDoV4Fu5tAUht0cmlzdHJhbWJhbGR3aW45MEBnbWFpbC5jb21YBAAAAAA~) [Trump: Why Waste a Crisis? The global pandemic is his latest rationale for enacting longstanding conservative goals. By The Editorial Board](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRghAgyP0TmaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMC8wNC8yMi9vcGluaW9uL3RydW1wLWNvcm9uYXZpcnVzLWltbWlncmF0aW9uLmh0bWw_Y2FtcGFpZ25faWQ9MzkmZW1jPWVkaXRfdHlfMjAyMDA0MjMmaW5zdGFuY2VfaWQ9MTc4ODEmbmw9ZGF2aWQtbGVvbmhhcmR0JnJlZ2lfaWQ9Nzc2NzQ5NTImc2VnbWVudF9pZD0yNTgwMiZ0ZT0xJnVzZXJfaWQ9YWE0OTFlZjdmMWQ5NjRlNDk3OWZiNzg0ZTc0ZTAxZDdXA255dEIKACoyg6FeBbubQFIbdHJpc3RyYW1iYWxkd2luOTBAZ21haWwuY29tWAQAAAAA) [Article Thumbnail](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRghAgyP0TmaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMC8wNC8yMi9vcGluaW9uL3RydW1wLWNvcm9uYXZpcnVzLWltbWlncmF0aW9uLmh0bWw_Y2FtcGFpZ25faWQ9MzkmZW1jPWVkaXRfdHlfMjAyMDA0MjMmaW5zdGFuY2VfaWQ9MTc4ODEmbmw9ZGF2aWQtbGVvbmhhcmR0JnJlZ2lfaWQ9Nzc2NzQ5NTImc2VnbWVudF9pZD0yNTgwMiZ0ZT0xJnVzZXJfaWQ9YWE0OTFlZjdmMWQ5NjRlNDk3OWZiNzg0ZTc0ZTAxZDdXA255dEIKACoyg6FeBbubQFIbdHJpc3RyYW1iYWxkd2luOTBAZ21haWwuY29tWAQAAAAA) [If We’re Giving Trump a Show, We Should Give Biden One, Too The president is hitting the virtual campaign trail every night. By Jennifer Senior](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRghAgyP0TXaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMC8wNC8yMy9vcGluaW9uL2pvZS1iaWRlbi0yMDIwLmh0bWw_Y2FtcGFpZ25faWQ9MzkmZW1jPWVkaXRfdHlfMjAyMDA0MjMmaW5zdGFuY2VfaWQ9MTc4ODEmbmw9ZGF2aWQtbGVvbmhhcmR0JnJlZ2lfaWQ9Nzc2NzQ5NTImc2VnbWVudF9pZD0yNTgwMiZ0ZT0xJnVzZXJfaWQ9YWE0OTFlZjdmMWQ5NjRlNDk3OWZiNzg0ZTc0ZTAxZDdXA255dEIKACoyg6FeBbubQFIbdHJpc3RyYW1iYWxkd2luOTBAZ21haWwuY29tWAQAAAAA) [Article Thumbnail](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRghAgyP0TXaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMC8wNC8yMy9vcGluaW9uL2pvZS1iaWRlbi0yMDIwLmh0bWw_Y2FtcGFpZ25faWQ9MzkmZW1jPWVkaXRfdHlfMjAyMDA0MjMmaW5zdGFuY2VfaWQ9MTc4ODEmbmw9ZGF2aWQtbGVvbmhhcmR0JnJlZ2lfaWQ9Nzc2NzQ5NTImc2VnbWVudF9pZD0yNTgwMiZ0ZT0xJnVzZXJfaWQ9YWE0OTFlZjdmMWQ5NjRlNDk3OWZiNzg0ZTc0ZTAxZDdXA255dEIKACoyg6FeBbubQFIbdHJpc3RyYW1iYWxkd2luOTBAZ21haWwuY29tWAQAAAAA) [This Pandemic Is Bringing Another With It More suffering is ahead for the developing world. By Nicholas Kristof](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRghAgyP0TeaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMC8wNC8yMi9vcGluaW9uL2Nvcm9uYXZpcnVzLXBhbmRlbWljcy5odG1sP2NhbXBhaWduX2lkPTM5JmVtYz1lZGl0X3R5XzIwMjAwNDIzJmluc3RhbmNlX2lkPTE3ODgxJm5sPWRhdmlkLWxlb25oYXJkdCZyZWdpX2lkPTc3Njc0OTUyJnNlZ21lbnRfaWQ9MjU4MDImdGU9MSZ1c2VyX2lkPWFhNDkxZWY3ZjFkOTY0ZTQ5NzlmYjc4NGU3NGUwMWQ3VwNueXRCCgAqMoOhXgW7m0BSG3RyaXN0cmFtYmFsZHdpbjkwQGdtYWlsLmNvbVgEAAAAAA~~) [Article Thumbnail](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRghAgyP0TeaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMC8wNC8yMi9vcGluaW9uL2Nvcm9uYXZpcnVzLXBhbmRlbWljcy5odG1sP2NhbXBhaWduX2lkPTM5JmVtYz1lZGl0X3R5XzIwMjAwNDIzJmluc3RhbmNlX2lkPTE3ODgxJm5sPWRhdmlkLWxlb25oYXJkdCZyZWdpX2lkPTc3Njc0OTUyJnNlZ21lbnRfaWQ9MjU4MDImdGU9MSZ1c2VyX2lkPWFhNDkxZWY3ZjFkOTY0ZTQ5NzlmYjc4NGU3NGUwMWQ3VwNueXRCCgAqMoOhXgW7m0BSG3RyaXN0cmFtYmFsZHdpbjkwQGdtYWlsLmNvbVgEAAAAAA~~) [Mutineers, Raise Your Hands Almost every movie reminds Trump of … something it’s not. By Gail Collins](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRghAgyP0TkaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMC8wNC8yMi9vcGluaW9uL2Nvcm9uYXZpcnVzLWdvdmVybm9ycy10cnVtcC5odG1sP2NhbXBhaWduX2lkPTM5JmVtYz1lZGl0X3R5XzIwMjAwNDIzJmluc3RhbmNlX2lkPTE3ODgxJm5sPWRhdmlkLWxlb25oYXJkdCZyZWdpX2lkPTc3Njc0OTUyJnNlZ21lbnRfaWQ9MjU4MDImdGU9MSZ1c2VyX2lkPWFhNDkxZWY3ZjFkOTY0ZTQ5NzlmYjc4NGU3NGUwMWQ3VwNueXRCCgAqMoOhXgW7m0BSG3RyaXN0cmFtYmFsZHdpbjkwQGdtYWlsLmNvbVgEAAAAAA~~) [Article Thumbnail](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRghAgyP0TkaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMC8wNC8yMi9vcGluaW9uL2Nvcm9uYXZpcnVzLWdvdmVybm9ycy10cnVtcC5odG1sP2NhbXBhaWduX2lkPTM5JmVtYz1lZGl0X3R5XzIwMjAwNDIzJmluc3RhbmNlX2lkPTE3ODgxJm5sPWRhdmlkLWxlb25oYXJkdCZyZWdpX2lkPTc3Njc0OTUyJnNlZ21lbnRfaWQ9MjU4MDImdGU9MSZ1c2VyX2lkPWFhNDkxZWY3ZjFkOTY0ZTQ5NzlmYjc4NGU3NGUwMWQ3VwNueXRCCgAqMoOhXgW7m0BSG3RyaXN0cmFtYmFsZHdpbjkwQGdtYWlsLmNvbVgEAAAAAA~~) [Covid-19, Confusion and Uncertainty It will be a difficult road back to any kind of normal living. By Charles M. Blow](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRghAgyP0TbaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMC8wNC8yMi9vcGluaW9uL2Nvcm9uYXZpcnVzLWZ1dHVyZS5odG1sP2NhbXBhaWduX2lkPTM5JmVtYz1lZGl0X3R5XzIwMjAwNDIzJmluc3RhbmNlX2lkPTE3ODgxJm5sPWRhdmlkLWxlb25oYXJkdCZyZWdpX2lkPTc3Njc0OTUyJnNlZ21lbnRfaWQ9MjU4MDImdGU9MSZ1c2VyX2lkPWFhNDkxZWY3ZjFkOTY0ZTQ5NzlmYjc4NGU3NGUwMWQ3VwNueXRCCgAqMoOhXgW7m0BSG3RyaXN0cmFtYmFsZHdpbjkwQGdtYWlsLmNvbVgEAAAAAA~~) [Article Thumbnail](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRghAgyP0TbaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMC8wNC8yMi9vcGluaW9uL2Nvcm9uYXZpcnVzLWZ1dHVyZS5odG1sP2NhbXBhaWduX2lkPTM5JmVtYz1lZGl0X3R5XzIwMjAwNDIzJmluc3RhbmNlX2lkPTE3ODgxJm5sPWRhdmlkLWxlb25oYXJkdCZyZWdpX2lkPTc3Njc0OTUyJnNlZ21lbnRfaWQ9MjU4MDImdGU9MSZ1c2VyX2lkPWFhNDkxZWY3ZjFkOTY0ZTQ5NzlmYjc4NGU3NGUwMWQ3VwNueXRCCgAqMoOhXgW7m0BSG3RyaXN0cmFtYmFsZHdpbjkwQGdtYWlsLmNvbVgEAAAAAA~~) [Who Has Enough Cash to Get Through the Coronavirus Crisis? Most American adults don’t have enough emergency savings to cover three months of expenses. How will we get through the pandemic? By Alissa Quart and Yaryna Serkez](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRghAgyP0TyaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vaW50ZXJhY3RpdmUvMjAyMC8wNC8yMy9vcGluaW9uL2VtZXJnZW5jeS1zYXZpbmdzLWNvcm9uYXZpcnVzLmh0bWw_Y2FtcGFpZ25faWQ9MzkmZW1jPWVkaXRfdHlfMjAyMDA0MjMmaW5zdGFuY2VfaWQ9MTc4ODEmbmw9ZGF2aWQtbGVvbmhhcmR0JnJlZ2lfaWQ9Nzc2NzQ5NTImc2VnbWVudF9pZD0yNTgwMiZ0ZT0xJnVzZXJfaWQ9YWE0OTFlZjdmMWQ5NjRlNDk3OWZiNzg0ZTc0ZTAxZDdXA255dEIKACoyg6FeBbubQFIbdHJpc3RyYW1iYWxkd2luOTBAZ21haWwuY29tWAQAAAAA) [Article Thumbnail](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRghAgyP0TyaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vaW50ZXJhY3RpdmUvMjAyMC8wNC8yMy9vcGluaW9uL2VtZXJnZW5jeS1zYXZpbmdzLWNvcm9uYXZpcnVzLmh0bWw_Y2FtcGFpZ25faWQ9MzkmZW1jPWVkaXRfdHlfMjAyMDA0MjMmaW5zdGFuY2VfaWQ9MTc4ODEmbmw9ZGF2aWQtbGVvbmhhcmR0JnJlZ2lfaWQ9Nzc2NzQ5NTImc2VnbWVudF9pZD0yNTgwMiZ0ZT0xJnVzZXJfaWQ9YWE0OTFlZjdmMWQ5NjRlNDk3OWZiNzg0ZTc0ZTAxZDdXA255dEIKACoyg6FeBbubQFIbdHJpc3RyYW1iYWxkd2luOTBAZ21haWwuY29tWAQAAAAA) [A Precedent Overturned Reveals a Supreme Court in Crisis Separate opinions in a case show nine justices pursuing agendas far removed from the dispute at hand. By Linda Greenhouse](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRghAgyP0TgaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMC8wNC8yMy9vcGluaW9uL3N1cHJlbWUtY291cnQtcHJlY2VkZW50Lmh0bWw_Y2FtcGFpZ25faWQ9MzkmZW1jPWVkaXRfdHlfMjAyMDA0MjMmaW5zdGFuY2VfaWQ9MTc4ODEmbmw9ZGF2aWQtbGVvbmhhcmR0JnJlZ2lfaWQ9Nzc2NzQ5NTImc2VnbWVudF9pZD0yNTgwMiZ0ZT0xJnVzZXJfaWQ9YWE0OTFlZjdmMWQ5NjRlNDk3OWZiNzg0ZTc0ZTAxZDdXA255dEIKACoyg6FeBbubQFIbdHJpc3RyYW1iYWxkd2luOTBAZ21haWwuY29tWAQAAAAA) [Article Thumbnail](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRghAgyP0TgaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMC8wNC8yMy9vcGluaW9uL3N1cHJlbWUtY291cnQtcHJlY2VkZW50Lmh0bWw_Y2FtcGFpZ25faWQ9MzkmZW1jPWVkaXRfdHlfMjAyMDA0MjMmaW5zdGFuY2VfaWQ9MTc4ODEmbmw9ZGF2aWQtbGVvbmhhcmR0JnJlZ2lfaWQ9Nzc2NzQ5NTImc2VnbWVudF9pZD0yNTgwMiZ0ZT0xJnVzZXJfaWQ9YWE0OTFlZjdmMWQ5NjRlNDk3OWZiNzg0ZTc0ZTAxZDdXA255dEIKACoyg6FeBbubQFIbdHJpc3RyYW1iYWxkd2luOTBAZ21haWwuY29tWAQAAAAA) [‘We Will Make the Best Out of It’: Ramadan Amid a Pandemic Some Muslim doctors are saving lives while fasting. For the rest of us, this holy month won’t be heroic but it will be enough. By Wajahat Ali](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRghAgyP0TiaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMC8wNC8yMy9vcGluaW9uL2Nvcm9uYXZpcnVzLXJhbWFkYW4taWZ0YXIuaHRtbD9jYW1wYWlnbl9pZD0zOSZlbWM9ZWRpdF90eV8yMDIwMDQyMyZpbnN0YW5jZV9pZD0xNzg4MSZubD1kYXZpZC1sZW9uaGFyZHQmcmVnaV9pZD03NzY3NDk1MiZzZWdtZW50X2lkPTI1ODAyJnRlPTEmdXNlcl9pZD1hYTQ5MWVmN2YxZDk2NGU0OTc5ZmI3ODRlNzRlMDFkN1cDbnl0QgoAKjKDoV4Fu5tAUht0cmlzdHJhbWJhbGR3aW45MEBnbWFpbC5jb21YBAAAAAA~) [Article Thumbnail](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRghAgyP0TiaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMC8wNC8yMy9vcGluaW9uL2Nvcm9uYXZpcnVzLXJhbWFkYW4taWZ0YXIuaHRtbD9jYW1wYWlnbl9pZD0zOSZlbWM9ZWRpdF90eV8yMDIwMDQyMyZpbnN0YW5jZV9pZD0xNzg4MSZubD1kYXZpZC1sZW9uaGFyZHQmcmVnaV9pZD03NzY3NDk1MiZzZWdtZW50X2lkPTI1ODAyJnRlPTEmdXNlcl9pZD1hYTQ5MWVmN2YxZDk2NGU0OTc5ZmI3ODRlNzRlMDFkN1cDbnl0QgoAKjKDoV4Fu5tAUht0cmlzdHJhbWJhbGR3aW45MEBnbWFpbC5jb21YBAAAAAA~) [What the Great Pandemic Novels Teach Us People have always responded to epidemics by spreading rumor and false information and portraying the disease as foreign and brought in with malicious intent. By Orhan Pamuk](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRghAgyP0TnaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMC8wNC8yMy9vcGluaW9uL3N1bmRheS9jb3JvbmF2aXJ1cy1vcmhhbi1wYW11ay5odG1sP2NhbXBhaWduX2lkPTM5JmVtYz1lZGl0X3R5XzIwMjAwNDIzJmluc3RhbmNlX2lkPTE3ODgxJm5sPWRhdmlkLWxlb25oYXJkdCZyZWdpX2lkPTc3Njc0OTUyJnNlZ21lbnRfaWQ9MjU4MDImdGU9MSZ1c2VyX2lkPWFhNDkxZWY3ZjFkOTY0ZTQ5NzlmYjc4NGU3NGUwMWQ3VwNueXRCCgAqMoOhXgW7m0BSG3RyaXN0cmFtYmFsZHdpbjkwQGdtYWlsLmNvbVgEAAAAAA~~) [Article Thumbnail](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRghAgyP0TnaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMC8wNC8yMy9vcGluaW9uL3N1bmRheS9jb3JvbmF2aXJ1cy1vcmhhbi1wYW11ay5odG1sP2NhbXBhaWduX2lkPTM5JmVtYz1lZGl0X3R5XzIwMjAwNDIzJmluc3RhbmNlX2lkPTE3ODgxJm5sPWRhdmlkLWxlb25oYXJkdCZyZWdpX2lkPTc3Njc0OTUyJnNlZ21lbnRfaWQ9MjU4MDImdGU9MSZ1c2VyX2lkPWFhNDkxZWY3ZjFkOTY0ZTQ5NzlmYjc4NGU3NGUwMWQ3VwNueXRCCgAqMoOhXgW7m0BSG3RyaXN0cmFtYmFsZHdpbjkwQGdtYWlsLmNvbVgEAAAAAA~~) [How Joe Biden Should Pick His Running Mate Focus first on the office. Then think about the campaign. By Richard Moe](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRghAgyP0TkaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMC8wNC8yMy9vcGluaW9uL2JpZGVuLXZpY2UtcHJlc2lkZW50LWNob2ljZS5odG1sP2NhbXBhaWduX2lkPTM5JmVtYz1lZGl0X3R5XzIwMjAwNDIzJmluc3RhbmNlX2lkPTE3ODgxJm5sPWRhdmlkLWxlb25oYXJkdCZyZWdpX2lkPTc3Njc0OTUyJnNlZ21lbnRfaWQ9MjU4MDImdGU9MSZ1c2VyX2lkPWFhNDkxZWY3ZjFkOTY0ZTQ5NzlmYjc4NGU3NGUwMWQ3VwNueXRCCgAqMoOhXgW7m0BSG3RyaXN0cmFtYmFsZHdpbjkwQGdtYWlsLmNvbVgEAAAAAA~~) [Article Thumbnail](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRghAgyP0TkaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMC8wNC8yMy9vcGluaW9uL2JpZGVuLXZpY2UtcHJlc2lkZW50LWNob2ljZS5odG1sP2NhbXBhaWduX2lkPTM5JmVtYz1lZGl0X3R5XzIwMjAwNDIzJmluc3RhbmNlX2lkPTE3ODgxJm5sPWRhdmlkLWxlb25oYXJkdCZyZWdpX2lkPTc3Njc0OTUyJnNlZ21lbnRfaWQ9MjU4MDImdGU9MSZ1c2VyX2lkPWFhNDkxZWY3ZjFkOTY0ZTQ5NzlmYjc4NGU3NGUwMWQ3VwNueXRCCgAqMoOhXgW7m0BSG3RyaXN0cmFtYmFsZHdpbjkwQGdtYWlsLmNvbVgEAAAAAA~~) [Who’s Behind the ‘Reopen’ Protests? They are anything but spontaneous. By Lisa Graves](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRghAgyP0TnaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMC8wNC8yMi9vcGluaW9uL2Nvcm9uYXZpcnVzLXByb3Rlc3RzLWFzdHJvdHVyZi5odG1sP2NhbXBhaWduX2lkPTM5JmVtYz1lZGl0X3R5XzIwMjAwNDIzJmluc3RhbmNlX2lkPTE3ODgxJm5sPWRhdmlkLWxlb25oYXJkdCZyZWdpX2lkPTc3Njc0OTUyJnNlZ21lbnRfaWQ9MjU4MDImdGU9MSZ1c2VyX2lkPWFhNDkxZWY3ZjFkOTY0ZTQ5NzlmYjc4NGU3NGUwMWQ3VwNueXRCCgAqMoOhXgW7m0BSG3RyaXN0cmFtYmFsZHdpbjkwQGdtYWlsLmNvbVgEAAAAAA~~) [Article Thumbnail](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRghAgyP0TnaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMC8wNC8yMi9vcGluaW9uL2Nvcm9uYXZpcnVzLXByb3Rlc3RzLWFzdHJvdHVyZi5odG1sP2NhbXBhaWduX2lkPTM5JmVtYz1lZGl0X3R5XzIwMjAwNDIzJmluc3RhbmNlX2lkPTE3ODgxJm5sPWRhdmlkLWxlb25oYXJkdCZyZWdpX2lkPTc3Njc0OTUyJnNlZ21lbnRfaWQ9MjU4MDImdGU9MSZ1c2VyX2lkPWFhNDkxZWY3ZjFkOTY0ZTQ5NzlmYjc4NGU3NGUwMWQ3VwNueXRCCgAqMoOhXgW7m0BSG3RyaXN0cmFtYmFsZHdpbjkwQGdtYWlsLmNvbVgEAAAAAA~~) [My Mother Is Busy Getting Ready to Die No insurance. 64 years old. Alone, along with all the other black people at the bottom of the pandemic. By LeRhonda S. Manigault-Bryant](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRghAgyP0TfaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMC8wNC8yMi9vcGluaW9uL2Nvcm9uYXZpcnVzLXJhY2UtZGVhdGguaHRtbD9jYW1wYWlnbl9pZD0zOSZlbWM9ZWRpdF90eV8yMDIwMDQyMyZpbnN0YW5jZV9pZD0xNzg4MSZubD1kYXZpZC1sZW9uaGFyZHQmcmVnaV9pZD03NzY3NDk1MiZzZWdtZW50X2lkPTI1ODAyJnRlPTEmdXNlcl9pZD1hYTQ5MWVmN2YxZDk2NGU0OTc5ZmI3ODRlNzRlMDFkN1cDbnl0QgoAKjKDoV4Fu5tAUht0cmlzdHJhbWJhbGR3aW45MEBnbWFpbC5jb21YBAAAAAA~) [Article Thumbnail](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRghAgyP0TfaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMC8wNC8yMi9vcGluaW9uL2Nvcm9uYXZpcnVzLXJhY2UtZGVhdGguaHRtbD9jYW1wYWlnbl9pZD0zOSZlbWM9ZWRpdF90eV8yMDIwMDQyMyZpbnN0YW5jZV9pZD0xNzg4MSZubD1kYXZpZC1sZW9uaGFyZHQmcmVnaV9pZD03NzY3NDk1MiZzZWdtZW50X2lkPTI1ODAyJnRlPTEmdXNlcl9pZD1hYTQ5MWVmN2YxZDk2NGU0OTc5ZmI3ODRlNzRlMDFkN1cDbnl0QgoAKjKDoV4Fu5tAUht0cmlzdHJhbWJhbGR3aW45MEBnbWFpbC5jb21YBAAAAAA~) [The Money Machine That Can Save Cities As Congress fumbles, the Fed’s unlimited ability to create money may be the only lifeline that communities have left. By Claudia Sahm](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRghAgyP0TraHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMC8wNC8yMy9vcGluaW9uL2Nvcm9uYXZpcnVzLWZlZGVyYWwtcmVzZXJ2ZS1jaXRpZXMuaHRtbD9jYW1wYWlnbl9pZD0zOSZlbWM9ZWRpdF90eV8yMDIwMDQyMyZpbnN0YW5jZV9pZD0xNzg4MSZubD1kYXZpZC1sZW9uaGFyZHQmcmVnaV9pZD03NzY3NDk1MiZzZWdtZW50X2lkPTI1ODAyJnRlPTEmdXNlcl9pZD1hYTQ5MWVmN2YxZDk2NGU0OTc5ZmI3ODRlNzRlMDFkN1cDbnl0QgoAKjKDoV4Fu5tAUht0cmlzdHJhbWJhbGR3aW45MEBnbWFpbC5jb21YBAAAAAA~) [Article Thumbnail](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRghAgyP0TraHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMC8wNC8yMy9vcGluaW9uL2Nvcm9uYXZpcnVzLWZlZGVyYWwtcmVzZXJ2ZS1jaXRpZXMuaHRtbD9jYW1wYWlnbl9pZD0zOSZlbWM9ZWRpdF90eV8yMDIwMDQyMyZpbnN0YW5jZV9pZD0xNzg4MSZubD1kYXZpZC1sZW9uaGFyZHQmcmVnaV9pZD03NzY3NDk1MiZzZWdtZW50X2lkPTI1ODAyJnRlPTEmdXNlcl9pZD1hYTQ5MWVmN2YxZDk2NGU0OTc5ZmI3ODRlNzRlMDFkN1cDbnl0QgoAKjKDoV4Fu5tAUht0cmlzdHJhbWJhbGR3aW45MEBnbWFpbC5jb21YBAAAAAA~) [I Can’t Bring Myself to Stand In Line for Food Again Memories of empty shelves in Cuba come full circle. By Mirta Ojito](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRghAgyP0TkaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMC8wNC8yMi9vcGluaW9uL21hcmllbC1ib2F0bGlmdC1jb3JvbmF2aXJ1cy5odG1sP2NhbXBhaWduX2lkPTM5JmVtYz1lZGl0X3R5XzIwMjAwNDIzJmluc3RhbmNlX2lkPTE3ODgxJm5sPWRhdmlkLWxlb25oYXJkdCZyZWdpX2lkPTc3Njc0OTUyJnNlZ21lbnRfaWQ9MjU4MDImdGU9MSZ1c2VyX2lkPWFhNDkxZWY3ZjFkOTY0ZTQ5NzlmYjc4NGU3NGUwMWQ3VwNueXRCCgAqMoOhXgW7m0BSG3RyaXN0cmFtYmFsZHdpbjkwQGdtYWlsLmNvbVgEAAAAAA~~) [Article Thumbnail](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRghAgyP0TkaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMC8wNC8yMi9vcGluaW9uL21hcmllbC1ib2F0bGlmdC1jb3JvbmF2aXJ1cy5odG1sP2NhbXBhaWduX2lkPTM5JmVtYz1lZGl0X3R5XzIwMjAwNDIzJmluc3RhbmNlX2lkPTE3ODgxJm5sPWRhdmlkLWxlb25oYXJkdCZyZWdpX2lkPTc3Njc0OTUyJnNlZ21lbnRfaWQ9MjU4MDImdGU9MSZ1c2VyX2lkPWFhNDkxZWY3ZjFkOTY0ZTQ5NzlmYjc4NGU3NGUwMWQ3VwNueXRCCgAqMoOhXgW7m0BSG3RyaXN0cmFtYmFsZHdpbjkwQGdtYWlsLmNvbVgEAAAAAA~~) [Use the Coronavirus Shutdown to Train Workers We can use this stoppage in the economy to upgrade our nation’s productivity. By Michael Klein](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRghAgyP0ThaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMC8wNC8yMy9vcGluaW9uL2Nvcm9uYXZpcnVzLWpvYi10cmFpbmluZy5odG1sP2NhbXBhaWduX2lkPTM5JmVtYz1lZGl0X3R5XzIwMjAwNDIzJmluc3RhbmNlX2lkPTE3ODgxJm5sPWRhdmlkLWxlb25oYXJkdCZyZWdpX2lkPTc3Njc0OTUyJnNlZ21lbnRfaWQ9MjU4MDImdGU9MSZ1c2VyX2lkPWFhNDkxZWY3ZjFkOTY0ZTQ5NzlmYjc4NGU3NGUwMWQ3VwNueXRCCgAqMoOhXgW7m0BSG3RyaXN0cmFtYmFsZHdpbjkwQGdtYWlsLmNvbVgEAAAAAA~~) [Article Thumbnail](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRghAgyP0ThaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMC8wNC8yMy9vcGluaW9uL2Nvcm9uYXZpcnVzLWpvYi10cmFpbmluZy5odG1sP2NhbXBhaWduX2lkPTM5JmVtYz1lZGl0X3R5XzIwMjAwNDIzJmluc3RhbmNlX2lkPTE3ODgxJm5sPWRhdmlkLWxlb25oYXJkdCZyZWdpX2lkPTc3Njc0OTUyJnNlZ21lbnRfaWQ9MjU4MDImdGU9MSZ1c2VyX2lkPWFhNDkxZWY3ZjFkOTY0ZTQ5NzlmYjc4NGU3NGUwMWQ3VwNueXRCCgAqMoOhXgW7m0BSG3RyaXN0cmFtYmFsZHdpbjkwQGdtYWlsLmNvbVgEAAAAAA~~) [I Can’t Bring Myself to Stand In Line for Food Again Memories of empty shelves in Cuba come full circle. By Mirta Ojito](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRghAgyP0TkaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMC8wNC8yMi9vcGluaW9uL21hcmllbC1ib2F0bGlmdC1jb3JvbmF2aXJ1cy5odG1sP2NhbXBhaWduX2lkPTM5JmVtYz1lZGl0X3R5XzIwMjAwNDIzJmluc3RhbmNlX2lkPTE3ODgxJm5sPWRhdmlkLWxlb25oYXJkdCZyZWdpX2lkPTc3Njc0OTUyJnNlZ21lbnRfaWQ9MjU4MDImdGU9MSZ1c2VyX2lkPWFhNDkxZWY3ZjFkOTY0ZTQ5NzlmYjc4NGU3NGUwMWQ3VwNueXRCCgAqMoOhXgW7m0BSG3RyaXN0cmFtYmFsZHdpbjkwQGdtYWlsLmNvbVgEAAAAAA~~) [Article Thumbnail](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRghAgyP0TkaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMC8wNC8yMi9vcGluaW9uL21hcmllbC1ib2F0bGlmdC1jb3JvbmF2aXJ1cy5odG1sP2NhbXBhaWduX2lkPTM5JmVtYz1lZGl0X3R5XzIwMjAwNDIzJmluc3RhbmNlX2lkPTE3ODgxJm5sPWRhdmlkLWxlb25oYXJkdCZyZWdpX2lkPTc3Njc0OTUyJnNlZ21lbnRfaWQ9MjU4MDImdGU9MSZ1c2VyX2lkPWFhNDkxZWY3ZjFkOTY0ZTQ5NzlmYjc4NGU3NGUwMWQ3VwNueXRCCgAqMoOhXgW7m0BSG3RyaXN0cmFtYmFsZHdpbjkwQGdtYWlsLmNvbVgEAAAAAA~~) [I Miss Sports So Much. At Least I Still Have the 2006 Rose Bowl. The bittersweet joy of watching vintage games during the coronavirus pandemic. By Luke Winkie](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRghAgyP0TraHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMC8wNC8yMi9vcGluaW9uL2NvdmlkLXNwb3J0cy1jYW5jZWxlZC1yZWJyb2FkY2FzdHMuaHRtbD9jYW1wYWlnbl9pZD0zOSZlbWM9ZWRpdF90eV8yMDIwMDQyMyZpbnN0YW5jZV9pZD0xNzg4MSZubD1kYXZpZC1sZW9uaGFyZHQmcmVnaV9pZD03NzY3NDk1MiZzZWdtZW50X2lkPTI1ODAyJnRlPTEmdXNlcl9pZD1hYTQ5MWVmN2YxZDk2NGU0OTc5ZmI3ODRlNzRlMDFkN1cDbnl0QgoAKjKDoV4Fu5tAUht0cmlzdHJhbWJhbGR3aW45MEBnbWFpbC5jb21YBAAAAAA~) [Article Thumbnail](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRghAgyP0TraHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMC8wNC8yMi9vcGluaW9uL2NvdmlkLXNwb3J0cy1jYW5jZWxlZC1yZWJyb2FkY2FzdHMuaHRtbD9jYW1wYWlnbl9pZD0zOSZlbWM9ZWRpdF90eV8yMDIwMDQyMyZpbnN0YW5jZV9pZD0xNzg4MSZubD1kYXZpZC1sZW9uaGFyZHQmcmVnaV9pZD03NzY3NDk1MiZzZWdtZW50X2lkPTI1ODAyJnRlPTEmdXNlcl9pZD1hYTQ5MWVmN2YxZDk2NGU0OTc5ZmI3ODRlNzRlMDFkN1cDbnl0QgoAKjKDoV4Fu5tAUht0cmlzdHJhbWJhbGR3aW45MEBnbWFpbC5jb21YBAAAAAA~) [letters Trump’s Temporary Freeze on Green Cards Two views of the president’s decision to restrict some immigration. Also: Dermatologists are needed now; predatory businesses versus our well-being; getting back into the pool.](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRghAgyP0TuaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMC8wNC8yMi9vcGluaW9uL2xldHRlcnMvY29yb25hdmlydXMtdHJ1bXAtaW1taWdyYXRpb24uaHRtbD9jYW1wYWlnbl9pZD0zOSZlbWM9ZWRpdF90eV8yMDIwMDQyMyZpbnN0YW5jZV9pZD0xNzg4MSZubD1kYXZpZC1sZW9uaGFyZHQmcmVnaV9pZD03NzY3NDk1MiZzZWdtZW50X2lkPTI1ODAyJnRlPTEmdXNlcl9pZD1hYTQ5MWVmN2YxZDk2NGU0OTc5ZmI3ODRlNzRlMDFkN1cDbnl0QgoAKjKDoV4Fu5tAUht0cmlzdHJhbWJhbGR3aW45MEBnbWFpbC5jb21YBAAAAAA~) [Article Thumbnail](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRghAgyP0TuaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMC8wNC8yMi9vcGluaW9uL2xldHRlcnMvY29yb25hdmlydXMtdHJ1bXAtaW1taWdyYXRpb24uaHRtbD9jYW1wYWlnbl9pZD0zOSZlbWM9ZWRpdF90eV8yMDIwMDQyMyZpbnN0YW5jZV9pZD0xNzg4MSZubD1kYXZpZC1sZW9uaGFyZHQmcmVnaV9pZD03NzY3NDk1MiZzZWdtZW50X2lkPTI1ODAyJnRlPTEmdXNlcl9pZD1hYTQ5MWVmN2YxZDk2NGU0OTc5ZmI3ODRlNzRlMDFkN1cDbnl0QgoAKjKDoV4Fu5tAUht0cmlzdHJhbWJhbGR3aW45MEBnbWFpbC5jb21YBAAAAAA~) [letters How Government ‘Failed the Elderly’ in the Coronavirus Pandemic Administrators in the elder care industry blame inaction and equipment shortages for the high death toll in nursing homes.](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRghAgyP0TqaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMC8wNC8yMi9vcGluaW9uL2xldHRlcnMvY29yb25hdmlydXMtbnVyc2luZy1ob21lcy5odG1sP2NhbXBhaWduX2lkPTM5JmVtYz1lZGl0X3R5XzIwMjAwNDIzJmluc3RhbmNlX2lkPTE3ODgxJm5sPWRhdmlkLWxlb25oYXJkdCZyZWdpX2lkPTc3Njc0OTUyJnNlZ21lbnRfaWQ9MjU4MDImdGU9MSZ1c2VyX2lkPWFhNDkxZWY3ZjFkOTY0ZTQ5NzlmYjc4NGU3NGUwMWQ3VwNueXRCCgAqMoOhXgW7m0BSG3RyaXN0cmFtYmFsZHdpbjkwQGdtYWlsLmNvbVgEAAAAAA~~) [Article Thumbnail](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRghAgyP0TqaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMC8wNC8yMi9vcGluaW9uL2xldHRlcnMvY29yb25hdmlydXMtbnVyc2luZy1ob21lcy5odG1sP2NhbXBhaWduX2lkPTM5JmVtYz1lZGl0X3R5XzIwMjAwNDIzJmluc3RhbmNlX2lkPTE3ODgxJm5sPWRhdmlkLWxlb25oYXJkdCZyZWdpX2lkPTc3Njc0OTUyJnNlZ21lbnRfaWQ9MjU4MDImdGU9MSZ1c2VyX2lkPWFhNDkxZWY3ZjFkOTY0ZTQ5NzlmYjc4NGU3NGUwMWQ3VwNueXRCCgAqMoOhXgW7m0BSG3RyaXN0cmFtYmFsZHdpbjkwQGdtYWlsLmNvbVgEAAAAAA~~) [letter Jim Brown: Better Benefits for Former N.F.L. Players The football great says the new agreement between the league and the players provides “benefits that will help transform the lives of thousands of former N.F.L. players and their families.”](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRghAgyP0TmaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMC8wNC8yMi9vcGluaW9uL2xldHRlcnMvamltLWJyb3duLW5mbC1wbGF5ZXJzLmh0bWw_Y2FtcGFpZ25faWQ9MzkmZW1jPWVkaXRfdHlfMjAyMDA0MjMmaW5zdGFuY2VfaWQ9MTc4ODEmbmw9ZGF2aWQtbGVvbmhhcmR0JnJlZ2lfaWQ9Nzc2NzQ5NTImc2VnbWVudF9pZD0yNTgwMiZ0ZT0xJnVzZXJfaWQ9YWE0OTFlZjdmMWQ5NjRlNDk3OWZiNzg0ZTc0ZTAxZDdXA255dEIKACoyg6FeBbubQFIbdHJpc3RyYW1iYWxkd2luOTBAZ21haWwuY29tWAQAAAAA) [Article Thumbnail](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRghAgyP0TmaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMC8wNC8yMi9vcGluaW9uL2xldHRlcnMvamltLWJyb3duLW5mbC1wbGF5ZXJzLmh0bWw_Y2FtcGFpZ25faWQ9MzkmZW1jPWVkaXRfdHlfMjAyMDA0MjMmaW5zdGFuY2VfaWQ9MTc4ODEmbmw9ZGF2aWQtbGVvbmhhcmR0JnJlZ2lfaWQ9Nzc2NzQ5NTImc2VnbWVudF9pZD0yNTgwMiZ0ZT0xJnVzZXJfaWQ9YWE0OTFlZjdmMWQ5NjRlNDk3OWZiNzg0ZTc0ZTAxZDdXA255dEIKACoyg6FeBbubQFIbdHJpc3RyYW1iYWxkd2luOTBAZ21haWwuY29tWAQAAAAA) Feedback If you have thoughts about this newsletter, email me at [leonhardt@nytimes.com](mailto:leonhardt@nytimes.com?subject=David%20Leonhardt%20Newsletter%20Feedback). 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