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Donât give in to cynicism.
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Wednesday, June 5, 2019
[NYTimes.com/David-Leonhardt »](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRe2jOLP0RVaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vYnkvZGF2aWQtbGVvbmhhcmR0P3RlPTEmbmw9b3Bpbmlvbi10b2RheSZlbWM9ZWRpdF90eV8yMDE5MDYwNVcDbnl0QgoAKYuu91z3JiMoUht0cmlzdHJhbWJhbGR3aW45MEBnbWFpbC5jb21YBAAAAAA~)
[Op-Ed Columnist]
Op-Ed Columnist
For a long time, there was a predictable response to any proposal for increasing taxes on the rich: It will wreck the economy. You donât hear this response quite so often anymore, however, because itâs become so obviously [false](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRe2jOLP0QzaHR0cDovL2NlZy5iZXJrZWxleS5lZHUvcmVzZWFyY2hfMTE3XzIxMjMzMTQxNTAucGRmVwNueXRCCgApi673XPcmIyhSG3RyaXN0cmFtYmFsZHdpbjkwQGdtYWlsLmNvbVgEAAAAAA~~). If anything, the economy in recent decades has [grown more quickly](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRe2jOLP0SFaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAxMi8wOS8xNi9vcGluaW9uL3N1bmRheS9kby10YXgtY3V0cy1sZWFkLXRvLWVjb25vbWljLWdyb3d0aC5odG1sP3RlPTEmbmw9b3Bpbmlvbi10b2RheSZlbWM9ZWRpdF90eV8yMDE5MDYwNVcDbnl0QgoAKYuu91z3JiMoUht0cmlzdHJhbWJhbGR3aW45MEBnbWFpbC5jb21YBAAAAAA~) when Washington taxes the rich more, not less.
Instead, you often now hear a new argument:Â Thereâs no point in trying to tax rich people, because theyâll just figure out a way to avoid paying taxes.
The Washington Post ran [a big news article](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRe2jOLP0TJaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cud2FzaGluZ3RvbnBvc3QuY29tL3BvbGl0aWNzL3dhcnJlbnMtYW1iaXRpb3VzLWFnZW5kYS1yZWxpZXMtb24tYS1tYXNzaXZlLXdlYWx0aC10YXgtdGhhdC10aGUtcmljaC1tYXktZXZhZGUvMjAxOS8wNS8yMS85MDBkNzJjNC03OGE0LTExZTktYmQyNS1jOTg5NTU1ZTc3NjZfc3RvcnkuaHRtbD91dG1fdGVybT0uMjc2ZTZmYTQ5MjdkVwNueXRCCgApi673XPcmIyhSG3RyaXN0cmFtYmFsZHdpbjkwQGdtYWlsLmNvbVgEAAAAAA~~) recently making this case (and parts of the argument have appeared elsewhere too, including in [The Times](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRe2jOLP0SDaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAxOS8wNi8wMS91cy9wb2xpdGljcy9mYWN0LWNoZWNrLWVsaXphYmV0aC13YXJyZW4tY2FtcGFpZ24uaHRtbD90ZT0xJm5sPW9waW5pb24tdG9kYXkmZW1jPWVkaXRfdHlfMjAxOTA2MDVXA255dEIKACmLrvdc9yYjKFIbdHJpc3RyYW1iYWxkd2luOTBAZ21haWwuY29tWAQAAAAA)). The Post article claimed that Elizabeth Warrenâs plan to introduce an annual wealth tax relies on a set of âassumptions that defy a long history of U.S. policymakingâ: namely, âthat the countryâs wealthiest taxpayers wonât find ways to evade the targeted tax hike she proposes.â
But this claim is wrong, too. The long history of American policymaking actually shows that raising taxes on the wealthiest taxpayers is entirely possible.
Nonetheless, I expect youâll hear the cynical âtaxing the rich is impossibleâ case a lot in coming years, especially if a future president does try to enact a major tax increase on the wealthy. Lobbyists who represent the wealthy like the argument because it lets them claim that thereâs no point in trying. And journalists find the argument alluring because it has a ring of tough skepticism, and we journalists love to present ourselves as tough skeptics.
In this case, though, itâs important to be skeptical about the skepticism.
Tax facts
[]
Over the last few decades, the total federal tax rate paid by the very rich has tended to hover between 30 percent and 40 percent. Itâs been closer to 30 percent after a Republican president has cut taxes and closer to 40 percent after a Democratic president has modestly raised them.
The chart above shows the longer version of this history: the average federal tax rate â spanning income taxes, estate taxes and more â for the top 0.01 percent of earners over the past century. (The data comes from Gabriel Zucman, an economist recently profiled in [a cover story](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRe2jOLP0SJaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuYmxvb21iZXJnLmNvbS9uZXdzL2ZlYXR1cmVzLzIwMTktMDUtMjMvdGhlLXdlYWx0aC1kZXRlY3RpdmUtd2hvLWZpbmRzLXRoZS1oaWRkZW4tbW9uZXktb2YtdGhlLXN1cGVyLXJpY2g_c3JuZD1idXNpbmVzc3dlZWstdjJXA255dEIKACmLrvdc9yYjKFIbdHJpc3RyYW1iYWxkd2luOTBAZ21haWwuY29tWAQAAAAA) for Bloomberg Businessweek.)
And the long version of the history is crucial here. It shows that for much of the 20th century, total taxes on the very wealthy were much higher than they are now. Before World War II, the average rate hovered around 70 percent. From the mid-1940s through the mid-1970s, the average rate was above 50 percent.
Itâs really no mystery why the rate has declined: The federal government has cut tax rates on the rich. The top marginal rate has plummeted. Taxes on stock holdings have declined, too. Perhaps nothing has mattered more than the erosion of the estate tax, through a combination of a lower rate and an increased threshold for paying the tax. These policy changes have helped [turbocharge](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRe2jOLP0R0aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAxNy8wOS8wNS9vcGluaW9uL3JpY2gtZ2V0dGluZy1yaWNoZXItdGF4ZXMuaHRtbD90ZT0xJm5sPW9waW5pb24tdG9kYXkmZW1jPWVkaXRfdHlfMjAxOTA2MDVXA255dEIKACmLrvdc9yYjKFIbdHJpc3RyYW1iYWxkd2luOTBAZ21haWwuY29tWAQAAAAA) economic inequality.
Is it possible to tax the wealthy too heavily and damage the economy? Yes. I donât think the top marginal tax rate should be 91 percent, [as it was](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRe2jOLP0RXaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cudGF4cG9saWN5Y2VudGVyLm9yZy9zdGF0aXN0aWNzL2hpc3RvcmljYWwtaGlnaGVzdC1tYXJnaW5hbC1pbmNvbWUtdGF4LXJhdGVzVwNueXRCCgApi673XPcmIyhSG3RyaXN0cmFtYmFsZHdpbjkwQGdtYWlsLmNvbVgEAAAAAA~~) in the 1950s. But itâs a very, very long way from 91 percent today. Itâs only 37 percent, which is too low. Taxes on stocks and most other financial investments are also too low.
Changing this situation is within the power of the federal government. History shows that when the government tries to collect more taxes from its richest citizens, it succeeds. So donât give in to cynicism. Todayâs [radical levels of inequality](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRe2jOLP0RvaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAxOS8wMi8wMy9vcGluaW9uL2RlbW9jcmF0cy13ZWFsdGgtdGF4Lmh0bWw_dGU9MSZubD1vcGluaW9uLXRvZGF5JmVtYz1lZGl0X3R5XzIwMTkwNjA1VwNueXRCCgApi673XPcmIyhSG3RyaXN0cmFtYmFsZHdpbjkwQGdtYWlsLmNvbVgEAAAAAA~~) are not inevitable. Theyâre a choice that our society has made.
For more â¦
- â[The Wealth Detective Who Finds the Hidden Money of the Super Rich](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRe2jOLP0R0aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuYmxvb21iZXJnLmNvbS9uZXdzL2ZlYXR1cmVzLzIwMTktMDUtMjMvdGhlLXdlYWx0aC1kZXRlY3RpdmUtd2hvLWZpbmRzLXRoZS1oaWRkZW4tbW9uZXktb2YtdGhlLXN1cGVyLXJpY2hXA255dEIKACmLrvdc9yYjKFIbdHJpc3RyYW1iYWxkd2luOTBAZ21haWwuY29tWAQAAAAA)â â that Businessweek profile of Zucman, by Ben Steverman â is worth reading.
- The decline of the estate tax and an effective decline in the corporate tax rate are the main reasons that the wealthy pay so much less in tax, as the economists [Thomas Piketty and Emmanuel Saez](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRe2jOLP0Q7aHR0cHM6Ly9lbWwuYmVya2VsZXkuZWR1L35zYWV6L3Bpa2V0dHktc2FlekpFUDA3dGF4cHJvZy5wZGZXA255dEIKACmLrvdc9yYjKFIbdHJpc3RyYW1iYWxkd2luOTBAZ21haWwuY29tWAQAAAAA) have explained. (If you want the brief version, click that link and check out the chart on page 12.)
- [Alexandra Thornton and Galen Hendricks](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRe2jOLP0RvaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuYW1lcmljYW5wcm9ncmVzcy5vcmcvaXNzdWVzL2Vjb25vbXkvcmVwb3J0cy8yMDE5LzA2LzA0LzQ3MDYyMS9lbmRpbmctc3BlY2lhbC10YXgtdHJlYXRtZW50LXdlYWx0aHkvVwNueXRCCgApi673XPcmIyhSG3RyaXN0cmFtYmFsZHdpbjkwQGdtYWlsLmNvbVgEAAAAAA~~)Â of the Center for American Progress released a report yesterday outlining the various options for increasing top-end taxes, including a wealth tax, a higher estate tax and the elimination of various corporate and investment loopholes. The report is called, âEnding Special Tax Treatment for the Very Wealthy.â In addition to legislative changes, Thornton told me that âmore funding for high-end tax enforcement is needed.â
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Davidâs Morning NYT Read
~/AAAAAQA~/RgRe2jOLP0SuaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vaW50ZXJhY3RpdmUvMjAxOS8wNi8wNS9vcGluaW9uL2ltcGVhY2htZW50LXRydW1wLWRlbW9jcmF0cy1uaXhvbi1jbGludG9uLmh0bWw_ZW1fcG9zPXNtYWxsJnJlZj1pbWcmbmxfYXJ0PTAmdGU9MSZubD1vcGluaW9uLXRvZGF5JmVtYz1lZGl0X3R5XzIwMTkwNjA1VwNueXRCCgApi673XPcmIyhSG3RyaXN0cmFtYmFsZHdpbjkwQGdtYWlsLmNvbVgEAAAAAA~~ [The Articles of Impeachment Against Donald J. Trump: A Draft](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRe2jOLP0SzaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vaW50ZXJhY3RpdmUvMjAxOS8wNi8wNS9vcGluaW9uL2ltcGVhY2htZW50LXRydW1wLWRlbW9jcmF0cy1uaXhvbi1jbGludG9uLmh0bWw_ZW1fcG9zPXNtYWxsJnJlZj1oZWFkbGluZSZubF9hcnQ9MCZ0ZT0xJm5sPW9waW5pb24tdG9kYXkmZW1jPWVkaXRfdHlfMjAxOTA2MDVXA255dEIKACmLrvdc9yYjKFIbdHJpc3RyYW1iYWxkd2luOTBAZ21haWwuY29tWAQAAAAA)
By IAN PRASAD PHILBRICK
We edited the articles against Richard Nixon and Bill Clinton, and came up with articles against President Trump.
The Full Opinion Report
~/AAAAAQA~/RgRe2jOLP0SHaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAxOS8wNi8wNC9vcGluaW9uL3VzLWNoaW5hLXRyYWRlLmh0bWw_ZW1fcG9zPXNtYWxsJnJlZj1pbWcmbmxfYXJ0PTEmdGU9MSZubD1vcGluaW9uLXRvZGF5JmVtYz1lZGl0X3R5XzIwMTkwNjA1VwNueXRCCgApi673XPcmIyhSG3RyaXN0cmFtYmFsZHdpbjkwQGdtYWlsLmNvbVgEAAAAAA~~ [The U.S. and Chinese Presidents Should Go on a Weekend Retreat](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRe2jOLP0SMaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAxOS8wNi8wNC9vcGluaW9uL3VzLWNoaW5hLXRyYWRlLmh0bWw_ZW1fcG9zPXNtYWxsJnJlZj1oZWFkbGluZSZubF9hcnQ9MSZ0ZT0xJm5sPW9waW5pb24tdG9kYXkmZW1jPWVkaXRfdHlfMjAxOTA2MDVXA255dEIKACmLrvdc9yYjKFIbdHJpc3RyYW1iYWxkd2luOTBAZ21haWwuY29tWAQAAAAA)
By THOMAS L. FRIEDMAN
They and the rest of the world will regret the result if their reprisals over trade issues keep escalating.
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By THOMAS B. EDSALL
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By CHARLIE WARZEL
Sometimes itâs worth pausing to ask the simplest questions.
~/AAAAAQA~/RgRe2jOLP0STaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAxOS8wNi8wNC9vcGluaW9uL2ZhY2Vib29rLWdvb2dsZS1yZWd1bGF0aW9uLmh0bWw_ZW1fcG9zPXNtYWxsJnJlZj1pbWcmbmxfYXJ0PTQmdGU9MSZubD1vcGluaW9uLXRvZGF5JmVtYz1lZGl0X3R5XzIwMTkwNjA1VwNueXRCCgApi673XPcmIyhSG3RyaXN0cmFtYmFsZHdpbjkwQGdtYWlsLmNvbVgEAAAAAA~~ [The People Screaming for Blood Have No Idea How Tech Actually Works](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRe2jOLP0SYaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAxOS8wNi8wNC9vcGluaW9uL2ZhY2Vib29rLWdvb2dsZS1yZWd1bGF0aW9uLmh0bWw_ZW1fcG9zPXNtYWxsJnJlZj1oZWFkbGluZSZubF9hcnQ9NCZ0ZT0xJm5sPW9waW5pb24tdG9kYXkmZW1jPWVkaXRfdHlfMjAxOTA2MDVXA255dEIKACmLrvdc9yYjKFIbdHJpc3RyYW1iYWxkd2luOTBAZ21haWwuY29tWAQAAAAA)
By KARA SWISHER
Suddenly regulatorsâ guns are blazing, but it looks thoughtless and is likely to prove pointless.
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By CAROL GIACOMO
An officialâs vague accusation could undermine the Nuclear Test Ban agreement.
~/AAAAAQA~/RgRe2jOLP0SMaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAxOS8wNi8wNC9vcGluaW9uL3RydW1wLWJyaXRhaW4tdmlzaXQuaHRtbD9lbV9wb3M9c21hbGwmcmVmPWltZyZubF9hcnQ9NiZ0ZT0xJm5sPW9waW5pb24tdG9kYXkmZW1jPWVkaXRfdHlfMjAxOTA2MDVXA255dEIKACmLrvdc9yYjKFIbdHJpc3RyYW1iYWxkd2luOTBAZ21haWwuY29tWAQAAAAA [Mr. Trump Storms the U.K.](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRe2jOLP0SRaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAxOS8wNi8wNC9vcGluaW9uL3RydW1wLWJyaXRhaW4tdmlzaXQuaHRtbD9lbV9wb3M9c21hbGwmcmVmPWhlYWRsaW5lJm5sX2FydD02JnRlPTEmbmw9b3Bpbmlvbi10b2RheSZlbWM9ZWRpdF90eV8yMDE5MDYwNVcDbnl0QgoAKYuu91z3JiMoUht0cmlzdHJhbWJhbGR3aW45MEBnbWFpbC5jb21YBAAAAAA~)
By THE EDITORIAL BOARD
The American president has lost his ability to shock and awe, but not for lack of trying.
~/AAAAAQA~/RgRe2jOLP0SOaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAxOS8wNi8wNS9vcGluaW9uL3JhcXFhLWNpdmlsaWFuLWRlYXRocy5odG1sP2VtX3Bvcz1zbWFsbCZyZWY9aW1nJm5sX2FydD03JnRlPTEmbmw9b3Bpbmlvbi10b2RheSZlbWM9ZWRpdF90eV8yMDE5MDYwNVcDbnl0QgoAKYuu91z3JiMoUht0cmlzdHJhbWJhbGR3aW45MEBnbWFpbC5jb21YBAAAAAA~ [Over 1,400 Civilian Deaths in Raqqa Remain Unacknowledged](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRe2jOLP0STaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAxOS8wNi8wNS9vcGluaW9uL3JhcXFhLWNpdmlsaWFuLWRlYXRocy5odG1sP2VtX3Bvcz1zbWFsbCZyZWY9aGVhZGxpbmUmbmxfYXJ0PTcmdGU9MSZubD1vcGluaW9uLXRvZGF5JmVtYz1lZGl0X3R5XzIwMTkwNjA1VwNueXRCCgApi673XPcmIyhSG3RyaXN0cmFtYmFsZHdpbjkwQGdtYWlsLmNvbVgEAAAAAA~~)
The U.S. and its allies say 180 civilians were killed in military operations between June and October of 2017. A new Amnesty International investigation finds the number is actually much higher.
~/AAAAAQA~/RgRe2jOLP0SSaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAxOS8wNi8wNS9vcGluaW9uL2hvc3BpdGFsLWNlc2FyZWFuLXNlY3Rpb24uaHRtbD9lbV9wb3M9c21hbGwmcmVmPWltZyZubF9hcnQ9OCZ0ZT0xJm5sPW9waW5pb24tdG9kYXkmZW1jPWVkaXRfdHlfMjAxOTA2MDVXA255dEIKACmLrvdc9yYjKFIbdHJpc3RyYW1iYWxkd2luOTBAZ21haWwuY29tWAQAAAAA [One Hospitalâs Plan to Reduce C-Sections: Communicate](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRe2jOLP0SXaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAxOS8wNi8wNS9vcGluaW9uL2hvc3BpdGFsLWNlc2FyZWFuLXNlY3Rpb24uaHRtbD9lbV9wb3M9c21hbGwmcmVmPWhlYWRsaW5lJm5sX2FydD04JnRlPTEmbmw9b3Bpbmlvbi10b2RheSZlbWM9ZWRpdF90eV8yMDE5MDYwNVcDbnl0QgoAKYuu91z3JiMoUht0cmlzdHJhbWJhbGR3aW45MEBnbWFpbC5jb21YBAAAAAA~)
By ALLISON YARROW
There might be fewer unneeded cesarean sections if doctors learned to keep mothers informed at every stage of labor.
~/AAAAAQA~/RgRe2jOLP0SHaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAxOS8wNi8wNC9vcGluaW9uL2NvbmdyZXNzLXRydW1wLmh0bWw_ZW1fcG9zPXNtYWxsJnJlZj1pbWcmbmxfYXJ0PTkmdGU9MSZubD1vcGluaW9uLXRvZGF5JmVtYz1lZGl0X3R5XzIwMTkwNjA1VwNueXRCCgApi673XPcmIyhSG3RyaXN0cmFtYmFsZHdpbjkwQGdtYWlsLmNvbVgEAAAAAA~~ [What if Congress Were in Charge, Not Trump?](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRe2jOLP0SMaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAxOS8wNi8wNC9vcGluaW9uL2NvbmdyZXNzLXRydW1wLmh0bWw_ZW1fcG9zPXNtYWxsJnJlZj1oZWFkbGluZSZubF9hcnQ9OSZ0ZT0xJm5sPW9waW5pb24tdG9kYXkmZW1jPWVkaXRfdHlfMjAxOTA2MDVXA255dEIKACmLrvdc9yYjKFIbdHJpc3RyYW1iYWxkd2luOTBAZ21haWwuY29tWAQAAAAA)
By YUVAL LEVIN
Our legislators need to return to lawmaking and help our political culture escape poisonous polarization.
~/AAAAAQA~/RgRe2jOLP0SdaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAxOS8wNi8wNC9vcGluaW9uL3RoZS1jcm9va2VkLXBhdGgtdG8td29tZW5zLXN1ZmZyYWdlLmh0bWw_ZW1fcG9zPXNtYWxsJnJlZj1pbWcmbmxfYXJ0PTEwJnRlPTEmbmw9b3Bpbmlvbi10b2RheSZlbWM9ZWRpdF90eV8yMDE5MDYwNVcDbnl0QgoAKYuu91z3JiMoUht0cmlzdHJhbWJhbGR3aW45MEBnbWFpbC5jb21YBAAAAAA~ [The Crooked Path to Womenâs Suffrage](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRe2jOLP0SiaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAxOS8wNi8wNC9vcGluaW9uL3RoZS1jcm9va2VkLXBhdGgtdG8td29tZW5zLXN1ZmZyYWdlLmh0bWw_ZW1fcG9zPXNtYWxsJnJlZj1oZWFkbGluZSZubF9hcnQ9MTAmdGU9MSZubD1vcGluaW9uLXRvZGF5JmVtYz1lZGl0X3R5XzIwMTkwNjA1VwNueXRCCgApi673XPcmIyhSG3RyaXN0cmFtYmFsZHdpbjkwQGdtYWlsLmNvbVgEAAAAAA~~)
By SUSAN SCHULTEN
The Senate ratified the 19th Amendment a century ago. What took so long?
~/AAAAAQA~/RgRe2jOLP0ScaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAxOS8wNi8wNC9vcGluaW9uL3dvcmstY29sbGVnZXMtc3R1ZGVudC1kZWJ0LXR1aXRpb24uaHRtbD9lbV9wb3M9c21hbGwmcmVmPWltZyZubF9hcnQ9MTEmdGU9MSZubD1vcGluaW9uLXRvZGF5JmVtYz1lZGl0X3R5XzIwMTkwNjA1VwNueXRCCgApi673XPcmIyhSG3RyaXN0cmFtYmFsZHdpbjkwQGdtYWlsLmNvbVgEAAAAAA~~ [There Are Better Ways to Do College](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRe2jOLP0ShaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAxOS8wNi8wNC9vcGluaW9uL3dvcmstY29sbGVnZXMtc3R1ZGVudC1kZWJ0LXR1aXRpb24uaHRtbD9lbV9wb3M9c21hbGwmcmVmPWhlYWRsaW5lJm5sX2FydD0xMSZ0ZT0xJm5sPW9waW5pb24tdG9kYXkmZW1jPWVkaXRfdHlfMjAxOTA2MDVXA255dEIKACmLrvdc9yYjKFIbdHJpc3RyYW1iYWxkd2luOTBAZ21haWwuY29tWAQAAAAA)
By ALICE LLOYD
Work colleges teach students that communities need all their members to pick up a shovel and participate.
~/AAAAAQA~/RgRe2jOLP0SNaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAxOS8wNi8wNC9vcGluaW9uL2dheS1wcmlkZS1zdG9uZXdhbGwuaHRtbD9lbV9wb3M9c21hbGwmcmVmPWltZyZubF9hcnQ9MTImdGU9MSZubD1vcGluaW9uLXRvZGF5JmVtYz1lZGl0X3R5XzIwMTkwNjA1VwNueXRCCgApi673XPcmIyhSG3RyaXN0cmFtYmFsZHdpbjkwQGdtYWlsLmNvbVgEAAAAAA~~ [Stonewall: The Making of a Monument](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRe2jOLP0SSaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAxOS8wNi8wNC9vcGluaW9uL2dheS1wcmlkZS1zdG9uZXdhbGwuaHRtbD9lbV9wb3M9c21hbGwmcmVmPWhlYWRsaW5lJm5sX2FydD0xMiZ0ZT0xJm5sPW9waW5pb24tdG9kYXkmZW1jPWVkaXRfdHlfMjAxOTA2MDVXA255dEIKACmLrvdc9yYjKFIbdHJpc3RyYW1iYWxkd2luOTBAZ21haWwuY29tWAQAAAAA)
By CHERYL FURJANIC
Ever since the 1969 riots on the streets outside New York Cityâs Stonewall Inn, L.G.B.T.Q. communities have gathered there to express their joy, their anger, their pain and their power.
~/AAAAAQA~/RgRe2jOLP0SeaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAxOS8wNi8wNC9vcGluaW9uL2xldHRlcnMvY2hpbGRlbi1zdXJnZXJ5LXVuYy1ob3NwaXRhbC5odG1sP2VtX3Bvcz1zbWFsbCZyZWY9aW1nJm5sX2FydD0xMyZ0ZT0xJm5sPW9waW5pb24tdG9kYXkmZW1jPWVkaXRfdHlfMjAxOTA2MDVXA255dEIKACmLrvdc9yYjKFIbdHJpc3RyYW1iYWxkd2luOTBAZ21haWwuY29tWAQAAAAA [When a Childâs Surgery Goes Wrong](~/AAAAAQA~/RgRe2jOLP0SjaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAxOS8wNi8wNC9vcGluaW9uL2xldHRlcnMvY2hpbGRlbi1zdXJnZXJ5LXVuYy1ob3NwaXRhbC5odG1sP2VtX3Bvcz1zbWFsbCZyZWY9aGVhZGxpbmUmbmxfYXJ0PTEzJnRlPTEmbmw9b3Bpbmlvbi10b2RheSZlbWM9ZWRpdF90eV8yMDE5MDYwNVcDbnl0QgoAKYuu91z3JiMoUht0cmlzdHJhbWJhbGR3aW45MEBnbWFpbC5jb21YBAAAAAA~)
Doctors, including Mehmet Oz, and a health researcher offer suggestions for improvement.
ADVERTISEMENT
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~/AAAAAQA~/RgRe2jOLP0RtaHR0cHM6Ly9saXZlaW50ZW50Lm5ld3lvcmt0aW1lc2luZm8uY29tL2NsaWNrP3M9MjAxODEzJmxpPVRZJm09YWE0OTFlZjdmMWQ5NjRlNDk3OWZiNzg0ZTc0ZTAxZDcmcD1UWV8yMDE5MDYwNVcDbnl0QgoAKYuu91z3JiMoUht0cmlzdHJhbWJhbGR3aW45MEBnbWFpbC5jb21YBAAAAAA~ ~/AAAAAQA~/RgRe2jOLP0RtaHR0cHM6Ly9saXZlaW50ZW50Lm5ld3lvcmt0aW1lc2luZm8uY29tL2NsaWNrP3M9MjAxODE0JmxpPVRZJm09YWE0OTFlZjdmMWQ5NjRlNDk3OWZiNzg0ZTc0ZTAxZDcmcD1UWV8yMDE5MDYwNVcDbnl0QgoAKYuu91z3JiMoUht0cmlzdHJhbWJhbGR3aW45MEBnbWFpbC5jb21YBAAAAAA~
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