It attracted very little coverage from the mainstream press... [Logo]( A special message from the Editor of Investing Bag Holder: We are often approached by other businesses with special offers for our readers. While many don’t make the cut, the message below is one we believe deserves your consideration.    Retail banks are commonly known as thrift institutions, savings banks, savings and loan associations, or mutual savings banks and are usually private or public corporations. Credit unions9 function similarly, but are cooperative membership organizations, with depositors as members. In addition to banks, other kinds of intermediaries for savers include pension funds, life insurance companies, and investment funds. They focus on saving for a particular long-term goal. To finance consumption, however, most individuals primarily use banks. Some intermediaries have moved away from the “bricks-and-mortar” branch model and now operate as online banks, either entirely or in part. There are cost advantages for the bank if it can use online technologies in processing saving and lending. Those cost savings can be passed along to savers in the form of higher returns on savings accounts or lower service fees. Most banks offer online and, increasingly, mobile account access, via cell phone or smartphone. Intermediaries operating as finance companies offer similar services. Because their role as intermediaries is critical to the flow of funds, banks are regulated by federal and state governments. Since the bank failures of the Great Depression, bank deposits are federally insured (up to $250,000) through the FDIC (Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation). Since the financial crisis of 2007–2009, bank money market funds also are insured. Credit union accounts are similarly insured by the National Credit Union Agency or NCUA, also an independent federal agency. In choosing an intermediary, savers should make sure that accounts are FDIC or NCUA insured
For most individuals, access to the money markets is done through a bank. A bank functions as an intermediary8 or “middleman” between the individual lender of money (the saver) and the individual borrower of money. For the saver or lender, the bank can offer the convenience of finding and screening the borrowers, and of managing the loan repayments. Most important, a bank can guarantee the lender a return: the bank assumes the risk of lending. For the borrowers, the bank can create a steady supply of surplus money for loans (from the lenders), and arrange standard loan terms for the borrowers. Banks create other advantages for both lenders and borrowers. Intermediation allows for the amounts loaned or borrowed to be flexible and for the maturity of the loans to vary. That is, you don’t have to lend exactly the amount someone wants to borrow for exactly the time she or he wants to borrow it. The bank can “disconnect” the lender and borrower, creating that flexibility. By having many lenders and many borrowers, the bank diversifies the supply of and demand for money, and thus lowers the overall risk in the money market. The bank can also develop expertise in screening borrowers to minimize risk and in managing and collecting the loan payments. In turn, that reduced risk allows the bank to attract lenders and diversify supply. Through diversification and expertise, banks ultimately lower the cost of lending and borrowing liquidity. Since they create value in the market (by lowering costs), banks remain as intermediaries or middlemen in the money markets. There are different kinds of banks based on what kind of brokering of money the bank does. Those differences have become less distinct as the banking industry consolidates and strives to offer more universal services. In the last generation, decreasing bank regulation, increasing globalization, and technology have all contributed to that trend. Different kinds of banks are listed below.
Dear Reader, It attracted very little coverage from the mainstream press... But on April 26, a major economic event happened in the U.S. – and it's set to trigger a sea change in one of America's largest industries. One Cal-Berkeley professor and Secretary of Labor finalist Harley Shaiken calls it "the biggest change in the hundred-plus-year history" of this $3.8 trillion industry. And one industry leader took it even further. He says that it's "one of the biggest industrial transformations probably in the history of capitalism." [Click here to see the analysis by former hedge-fund star Enrique Abeyta](. In this free video, Enrique breaks down what he's calling a "Master Reset," a once-in-a-decade paradigm shift that transforms industries... creates and destroys jobs... and could make early investors a huge return. [When you click here]( you'll be able to discover Enrique's research on this money-gushing phenomenon. Make sure you have a pen and paper handy – he's revealing the name and ticker symbol of the company at the center of it all (no credit card or email address required). But you need to hurry... Fortune favors the bold – it won't be long before people recognize this company's April 26 launch as a watershed moment for this "Master Reset." Those who stand to make the biggest profits will be the ones who get in the earliest. [Click here now to learn all about this explosive shift...]( Regards, Sam Latter
Editor in Chief, Empire Financial Research When incomes are larger than expenses, there is a budget surplus, and that surplus can be saved. You could keep it in your possession and store it for future use, but then you have the burden of protecting it from theft or damage. More important, you create an opportunity cost. Because money trades in markets and liquidity has value, your alternative is to lend that liquidity to someone who wants it more than you do at the moment and is willing to pay for its use. Money sitting idle is an opportunity cost. The price that you can get for your money has to do with supply and demand for liquidity in the market, which in turn has to do with a host of other macroeconomic factors. It also has a lot to do with time, opportunity cost, and risk. If you are willing to lend your liquidity for a long time, then the borrower has more possible uses for it, and increased mobility increases its value. However, while the borrower has more opportunity, you (the seller) have more opportunity cost because you give up more choices over a longer period of time. That also creates more risk for you, since more can happen over a longer period of time. The longer you lend your liquidity, the more compensation you need for your increased opportunity cost and risk.   [Logotype]( From time to time, we send special emails or offers from 3rd party websites to readers who chose to opt-in.
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