PNAS Table of Contents for April 20, 2021; Vol. 118, No. 16 is now complete

[PNAS] [NAS 158th Annual Meeting: April 24-April 26](/cgi/adclick/?ad=55766&adclick=true&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasonline.org%2Fabout-nas%2Fevents%2Fannual-meeting%2Fnas158%2F)   [April 20, 2021; Vol. 118, No. 16]( ) This Week in PNAS [In This Issue]( This week's research highlights --------------------------------------------------------------- Inner Workings [Inner Workings: Making headway with the mysteries of life’s origins]( Adam Mann An over-the-shoulder look at scientists at work --------------------------------------------------------------- QnAs [QnAs with Michael Reth]( Sandeep Ravindran Interviews with leading scientific researchers and newsmakers --------------------------------------------------------------- Commentaries [Sums of integer cubes]( Samir Siksek [Shock-and-kill versus block-and-lock: Targeting the fluctuating and heterogeneous HIV-1 gene expression]( Yang-Hui Jimmy Yeh and Ya-Chi Ho [Identifying “more equal than others” edges in diverse biochemical networks]( Kishore Hari, Uday Ram, and Mohit Kumar Jolly --------------------------------------------------------------- Perspective [Phenomenology of quantum turbulence in superfluid helium]( Ladislav Skrbek, David Schmoranzer, Šimon Midlik, and Katepalli R. Sreenivasan --------------------------------------------------------------- Letters [Cavalry and the Great Walls of China and Mongolia]( Gideon Shelach-Lavi, Yitzchak Jaffe, and Guy Bar-Oz [Reply to Shelach-Lavi et al.: Implications of the horse assemblages from Shirenzigou and Xigou]( Yue Li, Chengrui Zhang, William Timothy Treal Taylor, Liang Chen, Rowan K. Flad, Nicole Boivin, Huan Liu, Yue You, Jianxin Wang, Meng Ren, Tongyuan Xi, Yifu Han, Rui Wen, and Jian Ma [Early-life exposure to the Chinese famine and tuberculosis risk: Unrecognized biases from different measures of famine intensity]( Chihua Li, Zhenwei Zhou, and L. H. Lumey [Reply to Li et al.: Estimate of the association between TB risk and famine intensity is robust to various famine intensity estimators]( Qu Cheng, Philip A. Collender, Jennifer R. Head, Christopher M. Hoover, Jonathan L. Zelner, Ayesha S. Mahmud, and Justin V. Remais --------------------------------------------------------------- Brief Reports [A model for a partnership of lipid transfer proteins and scramblases in membrane expansion and organelle biogenesis]( Alireza Ghanbarpour, Diana P. Valverde, Thomas J. Melia, and Karin M. Reinisch [Excess mortality in the United States in the 21st century]( Samuel H. Preston and Yana C. Vierboom --------------------------------------------------------------- Physical Sciences Applied Mathematics [Emergence of hierarchy in networked endorsement dynamics]( Mari Kawakatsu, Philip S. Chodrow, Nicole Eikmeier, and Daniel B. Larremore Applied Physical Sciences [Reduced phase stability and faster formation/dissociation kinetics in confined methane hydrate]( Dongliang Jin and Benoit Coasne [Optical vector field rotation and switching with near-unity transmission by fully developed chiral photonic crystals]( Chun-Wei Chen and Iam Choon Khoo Astronomy [Learning effective physical laws for generating cosmological hydrodynamics with Lagrangian deep learning]( Biwei Dai and Uroš Seljak Chemistry [De novo biosynthesis of a nonnatural cobalt porphyrin cofactor in E. coli and incorporation into hemoproteins]( Lydia J. Perkins, Brian R. Weaver, Andrew R. Buller, and Judith N. Burstyn Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences [Coexistence of three liquid phases in individual atmospheric aerosol particles]( Yuanzhou Huang, Fabian Mahrt, Shaun Xu, Manabu Shiraiwa, Andreas Zuend, and Allan K. Bertram [Constraining the atmospheric limb of the plastic cycle]( Janice Brahney, Natalie Mahowald, Marje Prank, Gavin Cornwell, Zbigniew Klimont, Hitoshi Matsui, and Kimberly Ann Prather [The role of lateral erosion in the evolution of nondendritic drainage networks to dendricity and the persistence of dynamic networks]( Jeffrey S. Kwang, Abigail L. Langston, and Gary Parker [Early, intensive marine resource exploitation by Middle Stone Age humans at Ysterfontein 1 rockshelter, South Africa]( Elizabeth M. Niespolo, Warren D. Sharp, Graham Avery, and Todd E. Dawson Engineering [Highly efficient photosynthesis of hydrogen peroxide in ambient conditions]( Yu-Xin Ye, Jinhui Pan, Fangyan Xie, Li Gong, Siming Huang, Zhuofeng Ke, Fang Zhu, Jianqiao Xu, and Gangfeng Ouyang [A moisture-enabled fully printable power source inspired by electric eels]( Lu Yang, Feiyao Yang, Xu Liu, Ke Li, Yaning Zhou, Yangjian Wang, Tianhao Yu, Mengjuan Zhong, Xiaobing Xu, Lijuan Zhang, Wei Shen, and Di Wei [Three-micrometer-diameter needle electrode with an amplifier for extracellular in vivo recordings]( Yuto Kita, Shuhei Tsuruhara, Hiroshi Kubo, Koji Yamashita, Yu Seikoba, Shinnosuke Idogawa, Hirohito Sawahata, Shota Yamagiwa, Xian Long Angela Leong, Rika Numano, Kowa Koida, and Takeshi Kawano Physics [The role of annealing in determining the yielding behavior of glasses under cyclic shear deformation]( Himangsu Bhaumik, Giuseppe Foffi, and Srikanth Sastry [Signatures of two-dimensional superconductivity emerging within a three-dimensional host superconductor]( Carolina Parra, Francis C. Niestemski, Alex W. Contryman, Paula Giraldo-Gallo, Theodore H. Geballe, Ian R. Fisher, and Hari C. Manoharan --------------------------------------------------------------- Social Sciences Anthropology [Early, intensive marine resource exploitation by Middle Stone Age humans at Ysterfontein 1 rockshelter, South Africa]( Elizabeth M. Niespolo, Warren D. Sharp, Graham Avery, and Todd E. Dawson Economic Sciences [Dynamic prioritization of COVID-19 vaccines when social distancing is limited for essential workers]( Jack H. Buckner, Gerardo Chowell, and Michael R. Springborn Environmental Sciences [Measuring voluntary and policy-induced social distancing behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic]( Youpei Yan, Amyn A. Malik, Jude Bayham, Eli P. Fenichel, Chandra Couzens, and Saad B. Omer Psychological and Cognitive Sciences [Sensitivity to geometric shape regularity in humans and baboons: A putative signature of human singularity]( Mathias Sablé-Meyer, Joël Fagot, Serge Caparos, Timo van Kerkoerle, Marie Amalric, and Stanislas Dehaene [How university diversity rationales inform student preferences and outcomes]( Jordan G. Starck, Stacey Sinclair, and J. Nicole Shelton Social Sciences [The cumulative risk of jail incarceration]( Bruce Western, Jaclyn Davis, Flavien Ganter, and Natalie Smith [Predicting social tipping and norm change in controlled experiments]( James Andreoni, Nikos Nikiforakis, and Simon Siegenthaler --------------------------------------------------------------- Biological Sciences Agricultural Sciences [An ABCC-type transporter endowing glyphosate resistance in plants]( Lang Pan, Qin Yu, Junzhi Wang, Heping Han, Lingfeng Mao, Alex Nyporko, Anna Maguza, Longjiang Fan, Lianyang Bai, and Stephen Powles Anthropology [Biomechanical trade-offs in the pelvic floor constrain the evolution of the human birth canal]( Ekaterina Stansfield, Krishna Kumar, Philipp Mitteroecker, and Nicole D. S. Grunstra Applied Biological Sciences [Dynamic prioritization of COVID-19 vaccines when social distancing is limited for essential workers]( Jack H. Buckner, Gerardo Chowell, and Michael R. Springborn Biochemistry [De novo biosynthesis of a nonnatural cobalt porphyrin cofactor in E. coli and incorporation into hemoproteins]( Lydia J. Perkins, Brian R. Weaver, Andrew R. Buller, and Judith N. Burstyn [Decoding allosteric regulation by the acyl carrier protein]( Terra Sztain, Thomas G. Bartholow, D. John Lee, Lorenzo Casalino, Andrew Mitchell, Megan A. Young, Jianing Wang, J. Andrew McCammon, and Michael D. Burkart [Cryo-EM structure of Mycobacterium smegmatis DyP-loaded encapsulin]( Yanting Tang, An Mu, Yuying Zhang, Shan Zhou, Weiwei Wang, Yuezheng Lai, Xiaoting Zhou, Fengjiang Liu, Xiuna Yang, Hongri Gong, Quan Wang, and Zihe Rao [Helicase-like functions in phosphate loop containing beta-alpha polypeptides]( Pratik Vyas, Olena Trofimyuk, Liam M. Longo, Fanindra Kumar Deshmukh, Michal Sharon, and Dan S. Tawfik Biophysics and Computational Biology [A translational riboswitch coordinates nascent transcription–translation coupling]( Surajit Chatterjee, Adrien Chauvier, Shiba S. Dandpat, Irina Artsimovitch, and Nils G. Walter [Selection for cooperativity causes epistasis predominately between native contacts and enables epistasis-based structure reconstruction]( R. Charlotte Eccleston, David D. Pollock, and Richard A. Goldstein Cell Biology [Single-cell visualization and quantification of trace metals in Chlamydomonas lysosome-related organelles]( Stefan Schmollinger, Si Chen, Daniela Strenkert, Colleen Hui, Martina Ralle, and Sabeeha S. Merchant [A complement factor H homolog, heparan sulfation, and syndecan maintain inversin compartment boundaries in C. elegans cilia]( Natalie Acker, Harold Smith, Claire Devine, Sharon L. Oltjen, Sofia Tsiropoulou, Zeljka Smit-McBride, Karen Lange, Oliver E. Blacque, Joanne A. Matsubara, Andrew Gordus, Andy Golden, and Bruce E. Vogel [A complex of distal appendage–associated kinases linked to human disease regulates ciliary trafficking and stability]( Abdelhalim Loukil, Chloe Barrington, and Sarah C. Goetz Developmental Biology [Collagen IV differentially regulates planarian stem cell potency and lineage progression]( Andy Chan, Sophia Ma, Bret J. Pearson, and Danny Chan Ecology [Rapid hydraulic collapse as cause of drought-induced mortality in conifers]( Matthias Arend, Roman M. Link, Rachel Patthey, Günter Hoch, Bernhard Schuldt, and Ansgar Kahmen [Cardenolides, toxicity, and the costs of sequestration in the coevolutionary interaction between monarchs and milkweeds]( Anurag A. Agrawal, Katalin Böröczky, Meena Haribal, Amy P. Hastings, Ronald A. White, Ren-Wang Jiang, and Christophe Duplais Environmental Sciences [Nitrogen deposition accelerates soil carbon sequestration in tropical forests]( Xiankai Lu, Peter M. Vitousek, Qinggong Mao, Frank S. Gilliam, Yiqi Luo, Benjamin L. Turner, Guoyi Zhou, and Jiangming Mo [Widespread decline in winds delayed autumn foliar senescence over high latitudes]( Chaoyang Wu, Jian Wang, Philippe Ciais, Josep Peñuelas, Xiaoyang Zhang, Oliver Sonnentag, Feng Tian, Xiaoyue Wang, Huanjiong Wang, Ronggao Liu, Yongshuo H. Fu, and Quansheng Ge Evolution [Repeated mutation of a developmental enhancer contributed to human thermoregulatory evolution]( Daniel Aldea, Yuji Atsuta, Blerina Kokalari, Stephen F. Schaffner, Rexxi D. Prasasya, Adam Aharoni, Heather L. Dingwall, Bailey Warder, and Yana G. Kamberov [Microbiome reduction and endosymbiont gain from a switch in sea urchin life history]( Tyler J. Carrier, Brittany A. Leigh, Dione J. Deaker, Hannah R. Devens, Gregory A. Wray, Seth R. Bordenstein, Maria Byrne, and Adam M. Reitzel [The impact of identity by descent on fitness and disease in dogs]( Jazlyn A. Mooney, Abigail Yohannes, and Kirk E. Lohmueller Genetics [Brd4-bound enhancers drive cell-intrinsic sex differences in glioblastoma]( Najla Kfoury, Zongtai Qi, Briana C. Prager, Michael N. Wilkinson, Lauren Broestl, Kristopher C. Berrett, Arnav Moudgil, Sumithra Sankararaman, Xuhua Chen, Jason Gertz, Jeremy N. Rich, Robi D. Mitra, and Joshua B. Rubin [Parental bias in expression and interaction of genes in the equine placenta]( Pouya Dini, Theodore Kalbfleisch, José M. Uribe-Salazar, Mariano Carossino, Hossam El-Sheikh Ali, Shavahn C. Loux, Alejandro Esteller-Vico, Jamie K. Norris, Lakshay Anand, Kirsten E. Scoggin, Carlos M. Rodriguez Lopez, James Breen, Ernest Bailey, Peter Daels, and Barry A. Ball Immunology and Inflammation [E2A-regulated epigenetic landscape promotes memory CD8 T cell differentiation]( David M. Schauder, Jian Shen, Yao Chen, Moujtaba Y. Kasmani, Matthew R. Kudek, Robert Burns, and Weiguo Cui [Central human B cell tolerance manifests with a distinctive cell phenotype and is enforced via CXCR4 signaling in hu-mice]( Thiago Alves da Costa, Jacob N. Peterson, Julie Lang, Jeremy Shulman, Xiayuan Liang, Brian M. Freed, Susan A. Boackle, Pilar Lauzurica, Raul M. Torres, and Roberta Pelanda [Interferon regulatory factor 4 controls effector functions of CD8+ memory T cells]( Aenne Harberts, Constantin Schmidt, Joanna Schmid, Daniel Reimers, Friedrich Koch-Nolte, Hans-Willi Mittrücker, and Friederike Raczkowski [CCRL2 promotes antitumor T-cell immunity via amplifying TLR4-mediated immunostimulatory macrophage activation]( Wei Yin, Yihong Li, Yan Song, Jiarui Zhang, Chao Wu, Yu Chen, Ying Miao, Changdong Lin, Yuli Lin, Dapeng Yan, Jianfeng Chen, and Rui He Medical Sciences [Dnmt3a deficiency in the skin causes focal, canonical DNA hypomethylation and a cellular proliferation phenotype]( David Y. Chen, Ian M. Ferguson, Krista A. Braun, Leslie A. Sutton, Nichole M. Helton, Sai Mukund Ramakrishnan, Amanda M. Smith, Christopher A. Miller, and Timothy J. Ley [Orphan nuclear receptor ERR-γ regulates hepatic FGF23 production in acute kidney injury]( Kamalakannan Radhakrishnan, Yong-Hoon Kim, Yoon Seok Jung, Don-Kyu Kim, Soon-Young Na, Daejin Lim, Dong Hun Kim, Jina Kim, Hyung-Seok Kim, Hyon E. Choy, Sung Jin Cho, In-Kyu Lee, Şamil Ayvaz, Stefanie Nittka, Danilo Fliser, Stefan J. Schunk, Thimoteus Speer, Steven Dooley, Chul-Ho Lee, and Hueng-Sik Choi [An ultra-high-affinity small organic ligand of fibroblast activation protein for tumor-targeting applications]( Jacopo Millul, Gabriele Bassi, Jacqueline Mock, Abdullah Elsayed, Christian Pellegrino, Aureliano Zana, Sheila Dakhel Plaza, Lisa Nadal, Andreas Gloger, Eleonore Schmidt, Ilaria Biancofiore, Etienne J. Donckele, Florent Samain, Dario Neri, and Samuele Cazzamalli [PI3Kγ inhibition suppresses microglia/TAM accumulation in glioblastoma microenvironment to promote exceptional temozolomide response]( Jie Li, Megan M. Kaneda, Jun Ma, Ming Li, Ryan M. Shepard, Kunal Patel, Tomoyuki Koga, Aaron Sarver, Frank Furnari, Beibei Xu, Sanjay Dhawan, Jianfang Ning, Hua Zhu, Anhua Wu, Gan You, Tao Jiang, Andrew S. Venteicher, Jeremy N. Rich, Christopher K. Glass, Judith A. Varner, and Clark C. Chen Microbiology [SARS-CoV-2 induces double-stranded RNA-mediated innate immune responses in respiratory epithelial-derived cells and cardiomyocytes]( Yize Li, David M. Renner, Courtney E. Comar, Jillian N. Whelan, Hanako M. Reyes, Fabian Leonardo Cardenas-Diaz, Rachel Truitt, Li Hui Tan, Beihua Dong, Konstantinos Dionysios Alysandratos, Jessie Huang, James N. Palmer, Nithin D. Adappa, Michael A. Kohanski, Darrell N. Kotton, Robert H. Silverman, Wenli Yang, Edward E. Morrisey, Noam A. Cohen, and Susan R. Weiss [Mycobacterial fatty acid catabolism is repressed by FdmR to sustain lipogenesis and virulence]( Wenyue Dong, Xiaoqun Nie, Hong Zhu, Qingyun Liu, Kunxiong Shi, Linlin You, Yu Zhang, Hongyan Fan, Bo Yan, Chen Niu, Liang-Dong Lyu, Guo-Ping Zhao, and Chen Yang [Cholestenone functions as an antibiotic against Helicobacter pylori by inhibiting biosynthesis of the cell wall component CGL]( Junichi Kobayashi, Masatomo Kawakubo, Chifumi Fujii, Nobuhiko Arisaka, Masaki Miyashita, Yoshiko Sato, Hitomi Komura, Hisanori Matoba, and Jun Nakayama [An alternative resource allocation strategy in the chemolithoautotrophic archaeon Methanococcus maripaludis]( Albert L. Müller, Wenyu Gu, Vadim Patsalo, Jörg S. Deutzmann, James R. Williamson, and Alfred M. Spormann [Bacterial detection by NAIP/NLRC4 elicits prompt contractions of intestinal epithelial cell layers]( Pilar Samperio Ventayol, Petra Geiser, Maria Letizia Di Martino, Alexandra Florbrant, Stefan A. Fattinger, Naemi Walder, Eduardo Sima, Feng Shao, Nelson O. Gekara, Magnus Sundbom, Wolf-Dietrich Hardt, Dominic-Luc Webb, Per M. Hellström, Jens Eriksson, and Mikael E. Sellin Neuroscience [Regulation of longevity by depolarization-induced activation of PLC-β–IP3R signaling in neurons]( Ching-On Wong, Nicholas E. Karagas, Jewon Jung, Qiaochu Wang, Morgan A. Rousseau, Yufang Chao, Ryan Insolera, Pushpanjali Soppina, Catherine A. Collins, Yong Zhou, John F. Hancock, Michael X. Zhu, and Kartik Venkatachalam [Two sources of uncertainty independently modulate temporal expectancy]( Matthias Grabenhorst, Laurence T. Maloney, David Poeppel, and Georgios Michalareas [Hippocampal astrocytic neogenin regulating glutamate uptake, a critical pathway for preventing epileptic response]( Dong Sun, Zhi-Bing Tan, Xiang-Dong Sun, Zhi-Peng Liu, Wen-Bing Chen, Leena Milibari, Xiao Ren, Ling-Ling Yao, Daehoon Lee, Chen Shen, Jin-Xiu Pan, Zhi-Hui Huang, Lin Mei, and Wen-Cheng Xiong [Mendelian randomization identifies blood metabolites previously linked to midlife cognition as causal candidates in Alzheimer’s disease]( Jodie Lord, Bradley Jermy, Rebecca Green, Andrew Wong, Jin Xu, Cristina Legido-Quigley, Richard Dobson, Marcus Richards, and Petroula Proitsi Pharmacology [Positive allosteric modulation of the mu-opioid receptor produces analgesia with reduced side effects]( Ram Kandasamy, Todd M. Hillhouse, Kathryn E. Livingston, Kelsey E. Kochan, Claire Meurice, Shainnel O. Eans, Ming-Hua Li, Andrew D. White, Bernard P. Roques, Jay P. McLaughlin, Susan L. Ingram, Neil T. Burford, Andrew Alt, and John R. Traynor Physiology [Stress-dependent activation of myosin in the heart requires thin filament activation and thick filament mechanosensing]( So-Jin Park-Holohan, Elisabetta Brunello, Thomas Kampourakis, Martin Rees, Malcolm Irving, and Luca Fusi [Impaired TRPV4-eNOS signaling in trabecular meshwork elevates intraocular pressure in glaucoma]( Pinkal D. Patel, Yen-Lin Chen, Ramesh B. Kasetti, Prabhavathi Maddineni, William Mayhew, J. Cameron Millar, Dorette Z. Ellis, Swapnil K. Sonkusare, and Gulab S. Zode Plant Biology [Biological pathway expression complementation contributes to biomass heterosis in Arabidopsis]( Wenwen Liu, Guangming He, and Xing Wang Deng [Specific modulation of the root immune system by a community of commensal bacteria]( Paulo J. P. L. Teixeira, Nicholas R. Colaianni, Theresa F. Law, Jonathan M. Conway, Sarah Gilbert, Haofan Li, Isai Salas-González, Darshana Panda, Nicole M. Del Risco, Omri M. Finkel, Gabriel Castrillo, Piotr Mieczkowski, Corbin D. Jones, and Jeffery L. Dangl [Discriminating symbiosis and immunity signals by receptor competition in rice]( Chi Zhang, Jiangman He, Huiling Dai, Gang Wang, Xiaowei Zhang, Chao Wang, Jincai Shi, Xi Chen, Dapeng Wang, and Ertao Wang Psychological and Cognitive Sciences [Sensitivity to geometric shape regularity in humans and baboons: A putative signature of human singularity]( Mathias Sablé-Meyer, Joël Fagot, Serge Caparos, Timo van Kerkoerle, Marie Amalric, and Stanislas Dehaene --------------------------------------------------------------- Corrections [Correction for Jin et al., Microstructural origin of resistance–strain hysteresis in carbon nanotube thin film conductors]( [Correction for Ozkan-Aydin et al., Collective dynamics in entangled worm and robot blobs]( --------------------------------------------------------------- SI Correction [Correction to Supporting Information for Luo et al., The conserved autoimmune-disease risk gene TMEM39A regulates lysosome dynamics]( [Cover] --------------------------------------------------------------- This message was sent to {EMAIL}. [Unsubscribe]( from or [edit]( your subscription for this service. Or by mail: Customer Service * 15575-A Los Gatos Blvd * Los Gatos, CA 95032 * U.S.A. Copyright © 2021 by the National Academy of Sciences