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 [January 28, 2020; Vol. 117, No. 4](
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This Week in PNAS
[In This Issue](
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News Feature
[News Feature: Small-scale fusion tackles energy, space applications](
M. Mitchell Waldrop
An in-depth look at trending science issues.
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Profile
[Finding the tail end: The discovery of RNA splicing](
Melissa Suran
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Commentaries
[Anaerobic bacteria need their vitamin B12 to digest estrogen](
Montserrat ElĂas-Arnanz
[Present-day drivers do not explain biodiversity patterns in mammals](
Richard T. Corlett
[Life-history models reconstruct mammalian evolution](
John M. Fryxell
[Shoot meristem maintenance and immune response signaling converge at the G protein ÎČ subunit](
Kevin Rodriguez and G. Venugopala Reddy
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Letters
[Can we extrapolate from a Cmahâ/âLdlrâ/â mouse model a susceptibility for atherosclerosis in humans?](
Jean-Paul Soulillou, Emanuele Cozzi, Cesare Galli, and Jean-Marie Bach
[Reply to Soulillou et al.: Difficulties in extrapolating from animal models exemplify unusual human atherosclerosis susceptibility and mechanisms via CMAH loss](
Kunio Kawanishi, Chirag Dhar, Ajit Varki, and Philip L. S. M. Gordts
[Clarifying the effect of library batch on extracellular RNA sequencing](
Christopher Hartl and Yuan Gao
[Reply to Hartl and Gao: Lack of between-batch difference in the distributions of measured extracellular RNA levels](
Zixu Zhou, Qiuyang Wu, Zhangming Yan, Haizi Zheng, Chien-Ju Chen, Yuan Liu, Zhijie Qi, Riccardo Calandrelli, Zhen Chen, Shu Chien, H. Irene Su, and Sheng Zhong
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Physical Sciences
Chemistry
[Controlled phage therapy by photothermal ablation of specific bacterial species using gold nanorods targeted by chimeric phages](
Huan Peng, Raymond E. Borg, Liam P. Dow, Beth L. Pruitt, and Irene A. Chen
Computer Sciences
[A scalable pipeline for designing reconfigurable organisms](
Sam Kriegman, Douglas Blackiston, Michael Levin, and Josh Bongard
Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences
[Quantitative detection of iodine in the stratosphere](
Theodore K. Koenig, Sunil Baidar, Pedro Campuzano-Jost, Carlos A. Cuevas, Barbara Dix, Rafael P. Fernandez, Hongyu Guo, Samuel R. Hall, Douglas Kinnison, Benjamin A. Nault, Kirk Ullmann, Jose L. Jimenez, Alfonso Saiz-Lopez, and Rainer Volkamer
[Water level changes, subsidence, and sea level rise in the GangesâBrahmaputraâMeghna delta](
Mélanie Becker, Fabrice Papa, Mikhail Karpytchev, Caroline Delebecque, Yann Krien, Jamal Uddin Khan, Valérie Ballu, Fabien Durand, Gonéri Le Cozannet, A. K. M. Saiful Islam, Stéphane Calmant, and C. K. Shum
[Probabilistic reanalysis of storm surge extremes in Europe](
Francisco M. Calafat and Marta Marcos
[Lifetimes of interstellar dust from cosmic ray exposure ages of presolar silicon carbide](
Philipp R. Heck, Jennika Greer, Levke Kööp, Reto Trappitsch, Frank Gyngard, Henner Busemann, Colin Maden, JanaĂna N. Ăvila, Andrew M. Davis, and Rainer Wieler
Engineering
[Apex structures enhance water drainage on leaves](
Ting Wang, Yifan Si, Haoyu Dai, Chuxin Li, Can Gao, Zhichao Dong, and Lei Jiang
[Polymeric sheet actuators with programmable bioinstructivity](
Zijun Deng, Weiwei Wang, Xun Xu, Oliver E. C. Gould, Karl Kratz, Nan Ma, and Andreas Lendlein
Environmental Sciences
[Climate change and the opportunity cost of conflict](
Kevin R. Roche, MichĂšle MĂŒller-Itten, David N. Dralle, Diogo Bolster, and Marc F. MĂŒller
Physics
[Membrane molecular crowding enhances MreB polymerization to shape synthetic cells from spheres to rods](
David Garenne, Albert Libchaber, and Vincent Noireaux
[Predicting research trends with semantic and neural networks with an application in quantum physics](
Mario Krenn and Anton Zeilinger
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Social Sciences
Economic Sciences
[Predicting high-risk opioid prescriptions before they are given](
Justine S. Hastings, Mark Howison, and Sarah E. Inman
Environmental Sciences
[Quantitative detection of iodine in the stratosphere](
Theodore K. Koenig, Sunil Baidar, Pedro Campuzano-Jost, Carlos A. Cuevas, Barbara Dix, Rafael P. Fernandez, Hongyu Guo, Samuel R. Hall, Douglas Kinnison, Benjamin A. Nault, Kirk Ullmann, Jose L. Jimenez, Alfonso Saiz-Lopez, and Rainer Volkamer
Psychological and Cognitive Sciences
[What music makes us feel: At least 13 dimensions organize subjective experiences associated with music across different cultures](
Alan S. Cowen, Xia Fang, Disa Sauter, and Dacher Keltner
Sustainability Science
[Climate change and the opportunity cost of conflict](
Kevin R. Roche, MichĂšle MĂŒller-Itten, David N. Dralle, Diogo Bolster, and Marc F. MĂŒller
[Global trends toward urban street-network sprawl](
Christopher Barrington-Leigh and Adam Millard-Ball
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Biological Sciences
Applied Biological Sciences
[Apex structures enhance water drainage on leaves](
Ting Wang, Yifan Si, Haoyu Dai, Chuxin Li, Can Gao, Zhichao Dong, and Lei Jiang
[Controlled phage therapy by photothermal ablation of specific bacterial species using gold nanorods targeted by chimeric phages](
Huan Peng, Raymond E. Borg, Liam P. Dow, Beth L. Pruitt, and Irene A. Chen
Biochemistry
[CK1α, CK1Ύ, and CK1Δ are necrosome components which phosphorylate serine 227 of human RIPK3 to activate necroptosis](
Sarah Hanna-Addams, Shuzhen Liu, Hua Liu, She Chen, and Zhigao Wang
[A long-distance rRNA base pair impacts the ability of macrolide antibiotics to kill bacteria](
Maxim S. Svetlov, Sophie Cohen, Nada Alsuhebany, Nora VĂĄzquez-Laslop, and Alexander S. Mankin
[Missing regions within the molecular architecture of human fibrin clots structurally resolved by XL-MS and integrative structural modeling](
Oleg Klykov, Carmen van der Zwaan, Albert J. R. Heck, Alexander B. Meijer, and Richard A. Scheltema
Biophysics and Computational Biology
[Polymeric sheet actuators with programmable bioinstructivity](
Zijun Deng, Weiwei Wang, Xun Xu, Oliver E. C. Gould, Karl Kratz, Nan Ma, and Andreas Lendlein
[Resting state structure of the hyperdepolarization activated two-pore channel 3](
Miles Sasha Dickinson, Alexander Myasnikov, Jacob Eriksen, Nicole Poweleit, and Robert M. Stroud
Cell Biology
[Innate immune receptor NOD2 mediates LGR5+ intestinal stem cell protection against ROS cytotoxicity via mitophagy stimulation](
Antonin Levy, Aline Stedman, Eric Deutsch, Françoise Donnadieu, Herbert W. Virgin, Philippe J. Sansonetti, and Giulia Nigro
[The nutrient sensor OGT regulates Hipk stability and tumorigenic-like activities in Drosophila](
Kenneth Kin Lam Wong, Ta-Wei Liu, Jessica M. Parker, Donald A. R. Sinclair, Yi-Yun Chen, Kay-Hooi Khoo, David J. Vocadlo, and Esther M. Verheyen
[Single-cell tracking demonstrates copper chaperone Atox1 to be required for breast cancer cell migration](
Stéphanie Blockhuys, Xiaolu Zhang, and Pernilla Wittung-Stafshede
[CTCF mediates chromatin looping via N-terminal domain-dependent cohesin retention](
Elena M. Pugacheva, Naoki Kubo, Dmitri Loukinov, Md Tajmul, Sungyun Kang, Alexander L. Kovalchuk, Alexander V. Strunnikov, Gabriel E. Zentner, Bing Ren, and Victor V. Lobanenkov
[Trop2 is a driver of metastatic prostate cancer with neuroendocrine phenotype via PARP1](
En-Chi Hsu, Meghan A. Rice, Abel Bermudez, Fernando Jose Garcia Marques, Merve Aslan, Shiqin Liu, Ali Ghoochani, Chiyuan Amy Zhang, Yun-Sheng Chen, Aimen Zlitni, Sahil Kumar, Rosalie Nolley, Frezghi Habte, Michelle Shen, Kashyap Koul, Donna M. Peehl, Amina Zoubeidi, Sanjiv S. Gambhir, Christian A. Kunder, Sharon J. Pitteri, James D. Brooks, and Tanya Stoyanova
Ecology
[Generalists are more specialized in low-resource habitats, increasing stability of ecological network structure](
Moria L. Robinson and Sharon Y. Strauss
Environmental Sciences
[Global warming accelerates uptake of atmospheric mercury in regions experiencing glacier retreat](
Xun Wang, Ji Luo, Wei Yuan, Che-Jen Lin, Feiyue Wang, Chen Liu, Genxu Wang, and Xinbin Feng
Evolution
[Extreme offspring ornamentation in American coots is favored by selection within families, not benefits to conspecific brood parasites](
Bruce E. Lyon and Daizaburo Shizuka
[Anaerobic peroxisomes in Mastigamoeba balamuthi](
Tien Le, VojtÄch ĆœĂĄrskĂœ, Eva NĂœvltovĂĄ, Petr Rada, Karel Harant, Marie VancovĂĄ, ZdenÄk Verner, Ivan HrdĂœ, and Jan Tachezy
Medical Sciences
[Metabolic dysregulation in the Atp7bâ/â Wilsonâs disease mouse model](
Clavia Ruth Wooton-Kee, Matthew Robertson, Ying Zhou, Bingning Dong, Zhen Sun, Kang Ho Kim, Hailan Liu, Yong Xu, Nagireddy Putluri, Pradip Saha, Cristian Coarfa, David D. Moore, and Alli M. Nuotio-Antar
[RAP80 and BRCA1 PARsylation protect chromosome integrity by preventing retention of BRCA1-B/C complexes in DNA repair foci](
Jekaterina Vohhodina, Kimberly J. Toomire, Sarah A. Petit, Goran Micevic, Geeta Kumari, Vladimir V. Botchkarev Jr, Zhe Li, David M. Livingston, and Yiduo Hu
[Imaging breast cancer using hyperpolarized carbon-13 MRI](
Ferdia A. Gallagher, Ramona Woitek, Mary A. McLean, Andrew B. Gill, Raquel Manzano Garcia, Elena Provenzano, Frank Riemer, Joshua Kaggie, Anita Chhabra, Stephan Ursprung, James T. Grist, Charlie J. Daniels, Fulvio Zaccagna, Marie-Christine Laurent, Matthew Locke, Sarah Hilborne, Amy Frary, Turid Torheim, Chris Boursnell, Amy Schiller, Ilse Patterson, Rhys Slough, Bruno Carmo, Justine Kane, Heather Biggs, Emma Harrison, Surrin S. Deen, Andrew Patterson, Titus Lanz, Zoya Kingsbury, Mark Ross, Bristi Basu, Richard Baird, David J. Lomas, Evis Sala, James Wason, Oscar M. Rueda, Suet-Feung Chin, Ian B. Wilkinson, Martin J. Graves, Jean E. Abraham, Fiona J. Gilbert, Carlos Caldas, and Kevin M. Brindle
Microbiology
[Structure of a rabies virus polymerase complex from electron cryo-microscopy](
Joshua A. Horwitz, Simon Jenni, Stephen C. Harrison, and Sean P. J. Whelan
[Precise CRISPR/Cas9 editing of the NHE1 gene renders chickens resistant to the J subgroup of avian leukosis virus](
Anna KoslovĂĄ, Pavel Trefil, Jitka MucksovĂĄ, MarkĂ©ta ReiniĆĄovĂĄ, JiĆĂ PlachĂœ, JiĆĂ Kalina, Dana KuÄerovĂĄ, Josef Geryk, Veronika KrchlĂkovĂĄ, Barbora LejÄkovĂĄ, and JiĆĂ Hejnar
[Coordination of host and symbiont gene expression reveals a metabolic tug-of-war between aphids and Buchnera](
Thomas E. Smith and Nancy A. Moran
[A molecularly engineered antiviral banana lectin inhibits fusion and is efficacious against influenza virus infection in vivo](
Evelyn M. CovĂ©s-Datson, Steven R. King, Maureen Legendre, Auroni Gupta, Susana M. Chan, Emily Gitlin, Vikram V. Kulkarni, Jezreel PantaleĂłn GarcĂa, Donald F. Smee, Elke Lipka, Scott E. Evans, E. Bart Tarbet, Akira Ono, and David M. Markovitz
Neuroscience
[Ras acts as a molecular switch between two forms of consolidated memory in Drosophila](
Nathaniel C. Noyes, Erica Walkinshaw, and Ronald L. Davis
[Nociceptin attenuates the escalation of oxycodone self-administration by normalizing CeAâGABA transmission in highly addicted rats](
Marsida Kallupi, Lieselot L. G. Carrette, Jenni Kononoff, Leah C. Solberg Woods, Abraham A. Palmer, Paul Schweitzer, Olivier George, and Giordano de Guglielmo
[Brain-wide functional architecture remodeling by alcohol dependence and abstinence](
Adam Kimbrough, Daniel J. Lurie, Andres Collazo, Max Kreifeldt, Harpreet Sidhu, Giovana Camila Macedo, Mark DâEsposito, Candice Contet, and Olivier George
[Oligodendroglial connexin 47 regulates neuroinflammation upon autoimmune demyelination in a novel mouse model of multiple sclerosis](
Yinan Zhao, Ryo Yamasaki, Hiroo Yamaguchi, Satoshi Nagata, Hayato Une, Yiwen Cui, Katsuhisa Masaki, Yuko Nakamuta, Kyoko Iinuma, Mitsuru Watanabe, Takuya Matsushita, Noriko Isobe, and Jun-ichi Kira
[TrkB hyperactivity contributes to brain dysconnectivity, epileptogenesis, and anxiety in zebrafish model of Tuberous Sclerosis Complex](
Magdalena Kedra, Katarzyna Banasiak, Katarzyna Kisielewska, Lidia Wolinska-Niziol, Jacek Jaworski, and Justyna Zmorzynska
Physiology
[Physiological responses to gravity in an insect](
Jon F. Harrison, Khaled Adjerid, Anelia Kassi, C. Jaco Klok, John M. VandenBrooks, Meghan E. Duell, Jacob B. Campbell, Stav Talal, Christopher D. Abdo, Kamel Fezzaa, Hodjat Pendar, and John J. Socha
[HSD3B1 genotype identifies glucocorticoid responsiveness in severe asthma](
Joe Zein, Benjamin Gaston, Peter Bazeley, Mark D. DeBoer, Robert P. Igo Jr, Eugene R. Bleecker, Deborah Meyers, Suzy Comhair, Nadzeya V. Marozkina, Calvin Cotton, Mona Patel, Mohammad Alyamani, Weiling Xu, William W. Busse, William J. Calhoun, Victor Ortega, Gregory A. Hawkins, Mario Castro, Kian Fan Chung, John V. Fahy, Anne M. Fitzpatrick, Elliot Israel, Nizar N. Jarjour, Bruce Levy, David T. Mauger, Wendy C. Moore, Patricia Noel, Stephen P. Peters, W. Gerald Teague, Sally E. Wenzel, Serpil C. Erzurum, and Nima Sharifi
[LINGO1 is a regulatory subunit of large conductance, Ca2+-activated potassium channels](
Srikanth Dudem, Roddy J. Large, Shruti Kulkarni, Heather McClafferty, Irina G. Tikhonova, Gerard P. Sergeant, Keith D. Thornbury, Michael J. Shipston, Brian A. Perrino, and Mark A. Hollywood
Plant Biology
[Multifeature analyses of vascular cambial cells reveal longevity mechanisms in old Ginkgo biloba trees](
Li Wang, Jiawen Cui, Biao Jin, Jianguo Zhao, Huimin Xu, Zhaogeng Lu, Weixing Li, Xiaoxia Li, Linling Li, Eryuan Liang, Xiaolan Rao, Shufang Wang, Chunxiang Fu, Fuliang Cao, Richard A. Dixon, and Jinxing Lin
[Insect herbivory antagonizes leaf cooling responses to elevated temperature in tomato](
Nathan E. Havko, Michael R. Das, Alan M. McClain, George Kapali, Thomas D. Sharkey, and Gregg A. Howe
Population Biology
[Effective fisheries management instrumental in improving fish stock status](
Ray Hilborn, Ricardo Oscar Amoroso, Christopher M. Anderson, Julia K. Baum, Trevor A. Branch, Christopher Costello, Carryn L. de Moor, Abdelmalek Faraj, Daniel Hively, Olaf P. Jensen, Hiroyuki Kurota, L. Richard Little, Pamela Mace, Tim McClanahan, Michael C. Melnychuk, CĂłilĂn Minto, Giacomo Chato Osio, Ana M. Parma, Maite Pons, Susana Segurado, Cody S. Szuwalski, Jono R. Wilson, and Yimin Ye
Systems Biology
[A scalable pipeline for designing reconfigurable organisms](
Sam Kriegman, Douglas Blackiston, Michael Levin, and Josh Bongard
[Membrane molecular crowding enhances MreB polymerization to shape synthetic cells from spheres to rods](
David Garenne, Albert Libchaber, and Vincent Noireaux
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Corrections
[Correction for Gunnar et al., Pubertal stress recalibration reverses the effects of early life stress in postinstitutionalized children](
[Correction for Chernov-Rogan et al., TRPA1 modulation by piperidine carboxamides suggests an evolutionarily conserved binding site and gating mechanism](
[Cover]
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