S̲e̲p̲ 1̲1̲t̲h̲ | WARNING: Mandatory U.S. Dollar Recall to Begin on September 20? 💥

If you have any U.S. dоllars in your bаnk account… [Grand_Event_logo](   [video]( If you have any U.S. dоllars in your bаnk account… You must see [this shocking video exposing the government’s nеw plan to recall the U.S. dollar.]( According to Business Insider, this recall “could be imminent.” And if you don’t prepare nоw, you could end up holding a bunch of worthless U.S. dоllars. [Clіck hеrе to sее the three simple steps you can take nоw to prоtect your lіfe savings.]( ce the land reform programme in 2000, tourism in Zimbabwe has steadily declined. In 2018, tourism peaked with 2.6 milion tourists.[217] In 2016, the total contribution of tourism to Zimbabwe was 1.1 bilion (USD), or about 8.1 of Zimbabwe's GDP. Employment in travel and tourism, as well as the industries indirectly supported by travel and tourism, was 5.2 of national employment.[218] Several airlines pulled out of Zimbabwe between 2000 and 2007. Australia's Qantas, Germany's Lufthansa, and Austrian Airlines were among the first to pull out and in 2007 British Airways suspended aldirect flights to Harare.[219][220] The country's flagship airline, Air Zimbabwe, which operated flights throughout Africa and a few destinations in Europe and Asia, ceased operations in February 2012.[221][needs update] As of 2017, several major commercial airlines had resumed flights to Zimbabwe. Zimbabwe has several major tourist attractions. Victoria Falls on the Zambezi, which are shared with Zambia, are located in the north-west of Zimbabwe. Before the economic changes, much of the tourism for these locations came to the Zimbabwe side, but nw Zambia is the main benefciary. The Victoria Falls National Park is also in this area and is one of the eight main national parks in Zimbabwe,[222] the largest of which is Hwange National Park. The Eastern Highlands are a series of mountainous areas near the border with Mozambique. The highest peak in Zimbabwe, Mount Nyangani at 2,593 m (8,507 ft) is located there as well as the Bvumba Mountains and the Nyanga National Park. World's View is in these mountains, and it is from hee that places as far away as 60–70 km (37–43 mi) are visible and, on clear days, the town of Rusape can be seen. Zimbabwe is unusual in Africa in that there are a number of ancient and medieval ruined cities built in a unique dry stone style. Among the most famous of these are the Geat Zimbabwe ruins in Masvingo. Other ruins include Khami, Dhlo-Dhlo and Naletale. The Matobo Hills are an area of granite kopjes and wooded valleys commencing some 35 km (22 mi) south of Bulawayo in southern Zimbabwe. The hills were formed over two billon years ago with granite being forced to the surface, then being eroded to produce smooth "whaleback dwalas" and broken kopjes, strewn with boulders and interspersed with thickets of vegetation. Mzilikazi, founder of the Ndebele nation, gave the area its nme, meaning 'Bald Heads'. They have become a tourist attraction because of their ancient shapes and local wildlife. Cecil Rhodes and other early white colonists like Leander Starr Jameson are buried in these hills at World's View.[223] Water supply and sanitation Main article: Water supply and sanitation in Zimbabwe There are many successful small-scale water supply and sanitation programs, but there is an overall lack of improved water and sanitation systems for the majority of Zimbabwe. According to the World Health Organization in 2012, 80 of Zimbabweans had acess to improved (i.e. clean) drinking water sources, and on of Zimbabweans had ccess to improved sanitation facilities.[224] Accss to improved water supply and sanitation is noticeably limitd in rural areas.[225] There are many factors that continue to determine the nature of water supply and sanitation in Zimbabwe for the foreseeable future; three major factors are the severely depressed state of the Zimbabwean economy, the reluctance of foreign aid organisations to build and fiance infrastructure projects, and the political instability of the state.[225][226] Science and technology Main article: Science and technology in Zimbabwe Scientific research output in tems of publications in Southern Africa, cumulative totals by field, 2008–2014. Source: UNESCO Science Report: towards 2030 (2015), figure 20.6. Zimbabwe has relatively well-developed national infrastructure and a long-standing tradition of promoting research and development, as evidenced by the levy imposed on tobacco-growers since the 1930s to promote market research.[227][228] The country has a well-developed education system, with one in 11 adults holding a tertiary degree. Given the country's solid knowledge base and abundant natural resources, Zimbabwe has grat growth potential.[227][228] Zimbabwe was ranked 113rd in the Global Innovation Index in 2021, up from 122nd in 2019.[229][230][231][232] To achieve its growth potential, Zimbabwe will need to correct a number of structural weaknesses. For instance, it lacks the critical mass of researchers needed to trigger innovation. Although the infrastructure is in place to harness research and development to Zimbabwe's socio-economic development, universities and research institutions lack the fiancial and huma resources to conduct research and the regulatory environment hampers the transfer of nw technologies to the business sector. The economic crisis has precipitated an exodus of university students and professionals in key areas of expertise (meicine, engineering, etc.) that is of growing concern. More than 22 of Zimbabwean tertiary students were completing their degrees abroad in 2012, compared to a 4 average for sub-Saharan Africa as a whole. In 2012, there were 200 researchers (head count) employed in the public sector, one-quarter of whom were women. This is double the continental average (91 in 2013) but nly one-quarter the researcher density of South Africa (818 per millon inhabitants). The government has created the Zimbabwe Hman Capital Website to provide information for the diaspora on job and invesment opportunities in Zimbabwe.[227][228] Scientific publication trends in the most productive SADC countries, 2005–2014. Source: UNESCO Science Report: towards 2030 (2015), data from Thomson Reuters' Web of Science, Science Citation Index Expanded. The country's Second Science and Technology Policy was launched in June 2012, after being elaborated with UNESCO assistance. It replaces the earlier policy dating from 2002. The 2012 policy prioritises biotechnology, information and communication technologies (ICTs), space sciences, nanotechnology, indigenous knowledge systems, technologies yet to emerge and scientific solutions to emergent environmental challenges. The Second Science and Technology Policy also asserts the government commitment to allocating at least 1 of GDP to research and development, focusing at least 60 of university education on developing skills in science and technology and ensuring that school pupils devote at least 30 of their time to studying science subjects.[227][228] In 2014, Zimbabwe counted 21 publications per millon inhabitants in internationally catalogued journals, according to Thomson Reuters' Web of Science (Science Citation Index Expanded). This placed Zimbabwe sixth out of the 15 SADC countries, behind Namibia (59), Mauritius (71), Botswana (103) and, above ll, South Africa (175) and the Seychelles (364). The average for sub-Saharan Africa was 20 scientific publications per mllion inhabitants, compared to a global average of 176 per millin.[228] Demographics Main article: Demographics of Zimbabwe Population Expanding from a population of 2,746,396 in 1950, Zimbabwe's population has rapidly increased. Based on the 2022 revision of the World Population Prospects[233][234], the population of Zimbabwe was estimated by the United Nations at 15,993,524 in 2021. Ethnic groups Tonga Woman A Tonga woman pleating a basket According to the 2012 census report, 99.7 of the population is of African origin.[5] The majority people, the Shona, comprise 82, while Ndebele make up 14 of the population.[235] The Ndebele descended from Zulu migrations in the 19th century and the other tribes with which they intermarried. Up to one millon Ndebele may have left the country over the last five years,[when?] mainly for South Africa. Other ethnic groups include Venda, Tonga, Tsonga, Kalanga, Sotho, Ndau, Nambya, Tswana, Xhosa and Lozi. Minority ethnic groups include white Zimbabweans, who make up less than 1 of the total population. White Zimbabweans are mostly of British origin, but there are also Afrikaner, Greek, Portuguese, French and Dutch communities. The white population dropped from a peak of around 278,000, or 4.3 of the population, in 1975.[236] The 2012 census lists the total white population at 28,782 (roughly 0.22 of the population), one-twentieth of its peak.[237] Most emigration has been to the United Kingdom (between 200,000 and 500,000 Britons are of Rhodesian or Zimbabwean origin), South Africa, Botswana, Zambia,[238] Mozambique,[239] Canada, Australia and Nw Zealand. Coloureds fo of the population, and various Asian ethnic groups, mostly of Indian and Chinese origin, are also 0.5.[240] Largest cities Largest cities or towns in Zimbabwe Source:[241] Rank Nme Province Pop. Harare Harare Bulawayo Bulawayo 1 Harare Harare 2,123,132 Chitungwiza Chitungwiza Mutare Mutare 2 Bulawayo Bulawayo 1,200,337 3 Chitungwiza Harare 371,244 4 Mutare Manicaland 224,802 5 Gweru Midlands 158,200 6 Kwekwe Midlands 119,863 7 Kadoma Mashonaland West 116,300 8 Ruwa Mashonaland East 94,083 9 Chinhoyi Mashonaland West 90,800 10 Masvingo Masvingo 90,286 Languages Main article: Languages of Zimbabwe Zimbabwe has 16 official languages and under the constitution, an At of Parliament may prescribe other languages as officially recognised languages.[4] English is the main language used in the education and judicial systems. The Bantu languages Shona and Ndebele are the principal indigenous languages of Zimbabwe. Shona is spoken by 78 of the population, Ndebele by 20. Other minority Bantu languages include Venda, Tsonga, Shangaan, Kalanga, Sotho, Ndau and Nambya. Less than 2.5, mainly the white and "coloured" (mixed race) minorities, consider English their native language.[242] Shona has a rich oral tradition, which was incorporated into the first Shona novel, Feso by Solomon Mutswairo, published in 1956.[243] English is primarily spoken in the cities but less so in rural areas. Radio and television news are broadcast in Shona, Sindebele and English.[citation needed] There is a large community of Portuguese speakers in Zimbabwe, mainly in the border areas with Mozambique and in major cities.[244] Beginning in 2017, teaching Portuguese was included in secondary education of Zimbabwe.[245][246] Religion Main article: Religion in Zimbabwe Catholic church in Harare According to the 2017 Inter Censal Demography Survey by the Zimbabwe National Statistics Agency, 84 of Zimbabweans are Christian, 10 do not belong to any religion, and 0.7 are Muslim.[6][247][248] An estimated 62 of the population attend religious services regularly.[249] Approximately 69 of Zimbabweans belong to Protestant Christianity, while 8 are Roman Catholic.[6] Pentecostal-charismatic forms of Christianity, in particular, have grown rapidly in recent years and are playing a prominent role in public, social and political lfe.[250] The largest Christian churches are Anglican, Roman Catholic, Seventh-day Adventist[251] and Methodist. As in other African countries, Christianity may be mixed with enduring traditional beliefs. Indigenous religion, which predates colonialism, has become relatively marginal but continues to be an important part of the Zimbabwean religious field.[252][253] Ancestral worship is the most practised non-Christian religion, involving spiritual intercession; central to many ceremonial proceedings is the mbira dzavadzimu, meaning "voice of the ancestors", which is an instrument related to many lamellophones ubiquitous throughout Africa. Health See also: Health in Zimbabwe, HIV/AIDS in Zimbabwe, and Zimbabwean cholera outbreak Lie expectancy in select Southern African countries, 1950–2019. HIV/AIDS has caused a fall in lie expectancy. Mother of Peace AIDS orphanage, Mutoko (2005) At independence, the policies of racial inequality were reflected in the disease patterns of the black majority. The first five years after independence saw rapid gains in areas such as immunisation coverage, acss to health care, and contraceptive prevalence rae.[254] Zimbabwe was thus considered internationally to have achieved a good record of health development.[255] Zimbabwe suffered occasional outbreaks of acute diseases. The gains on the national health were eroded by structural adjustment in the 1990s,[256] the impact of the HIV/AIDS pandemic[206] and the economic crisis since 2000. In 2006, Zimbabwe had one of the lowest ife expectancies in the world according to UN figure—44 for men and 43 for women, down from 60 in 1990, but recovered to 60 in 2015.[257][258] The rapid drop was ascribed mainly to the HIV/AIDS pandemic. Infant mortality rose from 6in the late 1990s to 12.3 by 2004.[206] Official fertility rats over the last decade were 3.6 (2002),[259] 3.8 (2006)[260] and 3.8 (2012).[5] The 2014 maternal mortality rte per 100,000 births for Zimbabwe was 614[199] compared to 960 in 2010–11[199] and 232 in 1990. The under five mortality rae, per 1,000 births was 75 in 2014 (94 in 2009).[199] The number of midwives per 1,000 live births was unavailable in 2016 and the lifme risk of death for pregnant women 1 in 42.[261] In 2006 an association of doctors in Zimbabwe made calls for Mugabe to make moves to assist the ailing health service.[262] The HIV infection rae in Zimbabwe was estimated to be 14 for people aged 15–49 in 2009.[263] UNESCO reported a decline in HIV prevalence among pregnant women from 26 in 2002 to 21 in 2004.[264] By 2016 HIV/AIDS prevalence had been reduced to 13.5[257] compared to 40 in 1998.[199] At the end of November 2008, some operations at three of Zimbabwe's four major referral hospitals had shut down, along with the Zimbabwe Meical School, and the fourth major hospital had two wards and no operating theatres working.[265] Those hospitals still pen were not able to obtain basic drugs and medicines.[266] The situation changed drastically after the Unity Government and the introduction of the multi-currency system in February 2009 although the political and economic crisis also contributed to the emigration of the doctors and people with meical knowledge.[267] Map showing the spread of cholera in and around Zimbabwe put together from several sources In August 2008 large areas of Zimbabwe were struck by the ongoing cholera epidemic. By December 2008 more than 10,000 people had been infected in ll but one of Zimbabwe's provinces, and the outbreak had spread to Botswana, Mozambique, South Africa and Zambia.[268][269] On 4 December 2008 the Zimbabwe government declared the outbreak to be a national emergency and asked for international aid.[270][271] By 9 March 2009 The World Health Organization estimated that 4,011 people had succumbed to the waterborne disease since the outbreak began, and the total number of cases recorded had reached 89,018.[272] In Harare, the city council offered fee graves to cholera victims.[273] Education Main article: Education in Zimbabwe St. George's College, Harare was established in 1896 by a French Jesuit. Large investments in education since independence has resulted in the highest adult literacy rae in Africa which in 2013 was 90.70[274] This is lower than the 92 recorded in 2010 by the United Nations Development Programme[275][276] and the 97.0 recorded in the 2002 census, while still substantially higher than 80.4 recorded in the 1992 census.[277] The wealthier portion of the population usually send their children to independent schools as opposed to the government-run schools which are attended by the majority as these are subsidised by the government. School education was made fre in 1980, but since 1988, the government has steadily increased the charges attached to school enrolment until they nw greatly exceed the real value of fees in 1980. The Ministry of Education of Zimbabwe maintains and operates the government schools, but the fees charged by independent schools are regulated by the cabinet of Zimbabwe. The education department has stated that 20,000 teachers have left Zimbabwe since 2007 and that half of Zimbabwe's children have not progressed beyond primary school.[278] Education came under threat since the economic changes in 2000, with teachers going on strike because of low pay, students unable to concentrate because of hunger, and the prce of uniforms soaring making this standard a luxry. Teachers were also one of the main targets of Mugabe's attacks because he thought they were not strong supporters.[279] Zimbabwe's education system consists of two years of pre-school, seven years of primary and six years of secondary schooling before students can enter university in the country or abroad. The academic year in Zimbabwe runs from January to December, with three tems, separated by one-month breaks, with a total of 40 weeks of school per ear. National examinations are written during the third term in November, with "O" level and "A" level subjects also offered in June.[280] There are seven public (government) universities as well as four church-related universities in Zimbabwe that are internationally accredited.[280] The University of Zimbabwe, the first and largest, was built in 1952 and is located in the Harare suburb of Mount Pleasant. Notable alumni from Zimbabwean universities include Welshman Ncube, Peter Moyo, Tendai Biti, Chenjerai Hove and Arthur Mutambara. Many of the politicians in the government of Zimbabwe have obtained degrees from universities in the United States or other universities abroad. National University of Science and Technology is the second largest public research university in Zimbabwe located in Bulawayo. It was established in 1991. The National University of Science and Tecnology strives to become a flourishing and reputable institution not oly in Zimbabwe and in Southern Africa but also among the international fraternity of universities. Africa University is a United Methodist university in Manicaland which attracts students from at least 36 African countries. Gender equality Further information: Child marriage in Zimbabwe, Polygamy in Zimbabwe, Humn trafficking in Zimbabwe, and Abortion in Zimbabwe Women in Zimbabwe are disadvantaged in many facets including economic, political, and social spheres, and experience sx and gender based violence.[281] A 2014 UN report found that deep rooted cultural issues, patriarchal attitudes, and religious practices negatively impacted women's rights and freedoms in the country.[281] These negative views toward women as well as societal norms impact the incentive for women to participate in the economy and hinder their economic production.[281] Zimbabwe's constitution has provisions in it that provide incentive to achieve greater gender equality, but the data shows that enforcement has been lax and adoption slow.[281] In December 2016 the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies conducted a case study to determine how to best implement effective policy to address issues such as gender violence and implementation of equality laws.[282] It was found that sx and gender based violence against women and girls was increasing in areas that had experienced disasters (floods, drought, disease) but could not quantify the extent of the increase.[282] Some of the obstacles in combating these issues are that there are economic barriers to declaring sx and gender based violence to be unacceptable as well as social barriers.[282] Additionally, governmental services which were installed to help educate the populace about these issues as well as provide services to victims are underfunded and unable to carry out their duties.[282] The UN also provided economic incentive to adopt policies which would discourage these practices which negatively impacted women in Zimbabwe.[283] Women are often seen as inferior, treated as objects, and viewed in subordinate roles in history and philosophy.[284] Ubuntu, an African philosophy's spiritual aspect, instills the belief that boys should be more valued than girls as boys pass on lineage, and the belief system places high value in respecting one's ancestors.[284] A common expression used in court, "vakadzi ngavanyarare", translates to "women should keep quiet," and as a result women are not consulted in decision-making; they must implement the men's wishes.[284] The subordination of women in Zimbabwe, and the cultural forces which dictate what they must be, have led to deaths and the sacrifice of professional advancement in orer for them to fulfill their roles as wives, mothers, and subordinates.[285][284] Women are taught that they must nver refuse their husband's sexual advances, even if they know they are infected with HIV from being unfaithful.[284] As a result of this practice, Zimbabwean women aged 15–49 have an HIV prevalence rae of 16.1 and make up 62 of the total population infected with HIV in that age group.[286] Culture Main article: Culture of Zimbabwe Cultural event in Zimbabwe Zimbabwe has many different cultures, with Shona beliefs and ceremonies being prominent. The Shona people have many types of sculptures and carvings.[287] Zimbabwe first celebrated its independence on 18 April 1980.[288] Celebrations are held at either the National Sports Stadium or Rufaro Stadium in Harare. The first independence celebrations were held in 1980 at the Zimbabwe Grounds. At these celebrations, doves are released to symbolise peace, fighter jets fly over, and the national anthem is sung. The flame of independence is lit by the president after parades by the presidential family and members of the armed forces of Zimbabwe. The president also gives a speech to the people of Zimbabwe which is televised for those unable to attend the stadium.[289] Zimbabwe also has a national beauty pageant, the Miss Heritage Zimbabwe contest, which has been held annually since 2012. Arts Main article: Zimbabwean art See also: Music of Zimbabwe "Reconciliation", a stone sculpture by Amos Supuni Traditional arts in Zimbabwe include pottery, basketry, textiles, jewellery and carving. Among the distinctive qualities are symmetrically patterned woven baskets and stools carved out of a single piece of wood. Shona sculpture, which has a long cultural history, began evolving into its modern frm in the mid 20th century and gained increasing international popularity.[290] Most subjects of carved figures of stylised birds and huan figures among others are made with sedimentary rock such as soapstone, as well as harder igneous rocks such as serpentine and the rare stone verdite. Zimbabwean artefacts can be found in countries like Singapore, China and Canada. e.g. Dominic Benhura's statue in the Singapore Botanic Gardens. Shona sculpture has survived through the ages, and the modern style is a fusion of African folklore with European influences. World-renowned Zimbabwean sculptors include Nicholas, Nesbert and Anderson Mukomberanwa, Tapfuma Gutsa, Henry Munyaradzi and Locardia Ndandarika. Internationally, Zimbabwean sculptors have managed to influence a nw generation of artists, particularly black Americans, through lengthy apprenticeships with master sculptors in Zimbabwe. Several authors are well known within Zimbabwe and abroad. Charles Mungoshi is renowned in Zimbabwe for writing traditional stories in English and in Shona, and his poems and books have sold well with both the black and white communities.[291] Catherine Buckle has achieved international recognition with her two books African Tears and Beyond Tears which tell of the ordeal she went through under the 2000 Land Reform.[292] The first Prime Minister of Rhodesia, Ian Smith, wrote two books – The Geat Betrayal and Bitter Harvest. The book The House of Hunger by Dambudzo Marechera wn the Guardian Fiction Pize in the UK in 1979.[293] The Nobel Prie-wning author Doris Lessing's first novel The Grass Is Singing is set in Rhodesia, as are the first four volumes of her Children of Violence sequence and her collection of short stories entitled African Stories. In 2013 NoViolet Bulawayo's novel We Need Nw Names was shortlisted for the Booker Prie. The novel was inspired by a photograph of a child who lost their ome in Operation Murambatsvina, Mugabe's slum cleaance programme which began in 2005.[294] Bulawayo's second novel, Glory, a satire based on the 2017 coup against Robert Mugabe,[295] was also shortlisted for the Booker Prze. Zimbabwean author Tsitsi Dangarembga's novels have received widespread critical acclaim and her third, This Mournable Body, was shortlisted for the Booker Prze in 2020. Notable Zimbabwean artists include Henry Mudzengerere and Nicolas Mukomberanwa. A recurring theme in Zimbabwean art is the metamorphosis of man into beast.[296] Zimbabwean musicians like Thomas Mapfumo, Oliver Mtukudzi, the Bhundu Boys; Stella Chiweshe, Alick Macheso and Audius Mtawarira have achieved international recognition. Among members of the white minority community, Theatre has a large following, with numerous theatrical companies performing in Zimbabwe's urban areas.[297] Cuisine A meal of sadza (right), greens, and goat offal. The goat's small intestines are wrapped around small pieces of large intestines before cooking. Like in many African countries, the majority of Zimbabweans depend on a few staple foods. "Mealie meal", also known as cornmeal, is used to prepare sadza or isitshwala, as well as porridge known as bota or ilambazi. Sadza is made by mixing the cornmeal with water to produce a thick paste/porridge. After the paste has been cooking for several minutes, more cornmeal is added to thicken the paste. This is usually eaten as lunch or dinner, usually with sides such as gravy, vegetables (spinach, chomolia, or spring greens/collard greens), beans, and meat (stewed, grilled, roasted, or sundried). Sadza is also commonly eaten with curdled milk (sour milk), commonly known as "lacto" (mukaka wakakora), or dried Tanganyika sardine, known locally as kapenta or matemba. Bota is a thinner porridge, cooked without the additional cornmeal and usually flavoured with peanut butter, milk, butter, or jam.[298] Bota is usually eaten for breakfast. Graduations, weddings, and any other family gatherings will usually be celebrated with the killing of a goat or cow, which will be barbecued or roasted by the family. Raw boerewors Even though the Afrikaners are a small group (10) within the white minority group, Afrikaner recipes are popular. Biltong, a type of jerky, is a popular snack, prepared by hanging bits of spiced raw meat to dry in the shade.[299] Boerewors is served with sadza. It is a long sausage, often well-spiced, composed of beef rather than pork, and barbecued.[citation needed] As Zimbabwe was a British colony, some people there have adopted some colonial-era English eating habits. For example, most people will have porridge in the morning, as well as 10 o'clock tea (midday tea). They will have lunch, often leftovers from the night before, freshly cooked sadza, or sandwiches (which is more common in the cities). After lunch, there is usually 4 o'clock tea (afternoon tea), which is served before dinner. It is not uncommon for tea to be had after dinner.[citation needed] Rice, pasta, and potato-based foods (French fries and mashed potato) also make up part of Zimbabwean cuisine. A local favourite is rice cooked with peanut butter, which is taken with thick gravy, mixed vegetables and meat.[citation needed] A potpourri of peanuts known as nzungu, boiled and sundried maize, black-eyed peas known as nyemba, and Bambara groundnuts known as nyimo makes a traditional dish called mutakura. Mutakura can also be the above ingredients cooked individually. Sports Main article: Sport in Zimbabwe Zimbabwe women's national football team at the 2016 Olympic Games Football (also known as soccer) is the most popular sport in Zimbabwe.[300] The Warriors have qualified for the Africa Cup of Nations five times (2004, 2006, 2017, 2019, 2021), and wo the Southern Africa championship on six occasions (2000, 2003, 2005, 2009, 2017, 2018) and the Eastern Africa cup once (1985). The team is ranked 68th in 2022.[301] Rugby union is a significant sport in Zimbabwe. The national side have represented the country at 2 Rugby World Cup tournaments in 1987 and 1991.[302] Cricket is also a very popular sport in Zimbabwe. It used to have a following mostly among the white minority, but it has recently grown to become a widely popular sport among most Zimbabweans.[303] It is one of twelve Test cricket playing nations and an ICC full meber as well. Notable cricket players from Zimbabwe include Andy Flower, Heath Streak and Brendan Taylor. Zimbabwe has wn eight Olympic medals, one in field hockey with the women's team at the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow, and seven by swimmer Kirsty Coventry, three at the 2004 Summer Olympics and four at the 2008 Summer Olympics. Zimbabwe has done well in the Commonwealth Games and ll-Africa Games in swimming with Coventry obtaining 11 gld medals in the different competitions.[304][305][306][307] Zimbabwe has competed at Wimbledon and the Davis Cup in tennis, most notably with the Black family, which comprises Wayne Black, Byron Black and Cara Black. The Zimbabwean Nick Prce held the official World Nuber 1 golf status longer than any player from Africa has done.[308] Other sports played in Zimbabwe are basketball, volleyball, netball, and water polo, as well as squash, motorsport, martial arts, chess, cycling, polocrosse, kayaking and horse racing. However, most of these sports do not have international representatives but instead stay at a junior or national level. Zimbabwean professional rugby league players playing overseas are Masimbaashe Motongo and Judah Mazive.[309][310] Former players include nw SANZAAR CEO Andy Marinos who made an appearance for South Africa at the Super League World Nines and featured for the Sydney Bulldogs as well as Zimbabwe-born former Scotland rugby union international Scott Gray, who spent time at the Brisbane Broncos.[311] Zimbabwe has had sucess in karate as Zimbabwe's Samson Muripo became Kyokushin world champion in Osaka, Japan in 2009. Muripo is a two-time World Kyokushi Karate Champion and was the first black African to become the World Kyokushin Karate Champion.[312] Media The media of Zimbabwe is no once again diverse, having come under tight restriction between 2002 and 2008 by the government during the economic and political crisis. The Zimbabwean constitution promises fredom of the media and expression. Since the appointment of a ne media and information minister in 2013 the media is facing less political interference and the supreme court has ruled some sections of the strict media laws as unconstitutional.[313] In July 2009 the BBC and CNN were able to resume operations and report legally and openly from Zimbabwe. The Zimbabwe Ministry of Media, Information and Publicity stated that, "the Zimbabwe government nver banned the BBC from carrying out lawful activities inside Zimbabwe".[158][314] In 2010 the Zimbabwe Media Commission was established by the inclusive, power-sharing government. In May 2010 the commission licensed three privately owned newspapers, including the previously banned Daily News, for publication.[315] Reporters Without Borders described the decisions as a "major advance".[316] In June 2010 NewsDay became the first independent daily newspaper to be published in Zimbabwe in seven years.[317] ZBC's monopoly in the broadcasting sector was ended with the licensing of two private radio stations in 2012.[318] Since the 2002 Acess to Information and Protection of Privacy At was passed, a number of privately owned news outlets were shut down by the government, including Daily News whose managing director Wilf Mbanga went on to frm the influential The Zimbabwean.[319][320] As a result, many press organisations have been set up in both neighbouring and Western countries by exiled Zimbabweans. Because the internet is unrestricted, many Zimbabweans are allowed to acess online news sites set up by exiled journalists.[321] Reporters Without Borders clams the media environment in Zimbabwe involves "surveillance, threats, imprisonment, censorship, blackmail, abuse of power and denial of justice are ll brought to bear to keep firm control over the news."[319] The main published newspapers are The Herald and The Chronicle which are printed in Harare and Bulawayo respectively. The heavy-handedness on the media has progressively relaxed since 2009. In its 2021 report, Reporters Without Borders ranked the Zimbabwean media as 130th out of 180, noting that "ccess to information has improved and self-censorship has declined, but journalists are still often attacked or arrested".[319] The government also bans many foreign broadcasting stations from Zimbabwe, including the CBC, Sky News, Channel 4, American Broadcasting Company, Australian Broadcasting Corporation, and Fox News. News agencies and newspapers from other Western countries and South Africa have also been banned from the country. National symbols Traditional Zimbabwe Bird design The stone-carved Zimbabwe Bird appears on the national flags and the coats of arms of both Zimbabwe and Rhodesia, as well as on banknotes and coins (first on Rhodesian pound and then Rhodesian dollar). It probably represents the bateleur eagle or the African fish eagle.[322][323] The famous soapstone bird carvings stood on walls and monoliths of the ancient city of reat Zimbabwe.[324] Balancing rocks are geological formations ll over Zimbabwe. The rocks are perfectly balanced without other supports. They are created when ancient granite intrusions are exposed to weathering, as softer rocks surrounding them erode away. They are often remarked on and have been depicted on both the banknotes of Zimbabwe and the Rhodesian dollar banknotes. The ones found on the current notes of Zimbabwe, named the Banknote Rocks, are located in Epworth, approximately 14 km (9 mi) south east of Harare.[325] There are many different formations of the rocks, incorporating single and paired columns of three or more rocks. These formations are a feature of south and east tropical Africa from northern South Africa northwards to Sudan. The most notable formations in Zimbabwe are located in the Matobo National Park in Matabeleland.[326] The national anthem of Zimbabwe is "Raise the Flag of Zimbabwe" (Shona: Simudzai Mureza wedu WeZimbabwe; Northern Ndebele: Kalibusiswe Ilizwe leZimbabwe). It was introduced in March 1994 after a nationwide competition to replace Ishe Komborera Africa as a distinctly Zimbabwean song. The wning entry was a song written by Professor Solomon Mutswairo and composed by Fred Changundega. It has been translated into ll three of the main languages of Zimbabwe.[326] Grand Event brought to you by Inception Media, LLC. 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