Smartphone Killing Tech Could be Here Soon – and You Can Invest in It 📲 | Nov 25, 2022

How Apple’s New Tech Could Change Reality – and Maybe Even Kill the iPhone for Good [Golden Gate Marketers]( Sometimes, colleagues of Golden Gate Marketers share special offers with us that we think our readers should be made aware of. Below is one such special opportunity that we believe deserves your attention. [See this purple cube?]( [Purple cube]( Nobody photoshopped that cube on the iPhone. The truth is even crazier. Honestly, if I just told you what was happening, you wouldn’t believe it. [So, I’ve decided to show you instead.]( This new tech will change the world as we know it in more ways than you can count. It could also be a huge moneymaker for early investors. [Click here and I’ll show you what it is and, more importantly, how to make a potential fortune from it.]( Economic growth For Economic history of China, see Economic history of China before 1912, Economic history of China (1912–1949), and Economic history of China (1949–present). China's nominal GDP trend from 1952 to 2015 From its founding in 1949 until late 1978, the People's Republic of China was a Soviet-style centrally planned economy. Following Mao's death in 1976 and the consequent end of the Cultural Revolution, Deng Xiaoping and the new Chinese leadership began to reform the economy and move towards a more market-oriented mixed economy under one-party rule. Agricultural collectivization was dismantled and farmlands privatized, while foreign trade became a major new focus, leading to the creation of Special Economic Zones (SEZs). Inefficient state-owned enterprises (SOEs) were restructured and unprofitable ones were closed outright, resulting in massive job losses.[citation needed] Modern-day China is mainly characterized as having a market economy based on private property ownership,[359] and is one of the leading examples of state capitalism.[360][361] The state still dominates in strategic "pillar" sectors such as energy production and heavy industries, but private enterprise has expanded enormously, with around 30 million private businesses recorded in 2008.[362][363][better source needed][364][365] In 2018, private enterprises in China accounted for 60% of GDP, 80% of urban employment and 90% of new jobs.[366] In the early 2010s, China's economic growth rate began to slow amid domestic credit troubles, weakening international demand for Chinese exports and fragility in the global economy.[367][368][369] China's GDP was slightly larger than Germany's in 2007; however, by 2017, China's $12.2 trillion-economy became larger than those of Germany, UK, France and Italy combined.[370] In 2018, the IMF reiterated its forecast that China will overtake the US in terms of nominal GDP by 2030.[371] Economists also expect China's middle-class to expand to 600 million people by 2025.[372] China was the only major economy in the world to grow in 2020, recording a 2.3% growth due to its success in containing the coronavirus within its borders.[373] However, by April 2022, China's debt-to-GDP ratio had grown to 270%.[374] China in the global economy Share of world GDP (PPP)[375] Year Share 1980 2.25% 1990 3.99% 2000 7.24% 2010 13.62% 2020 18.18% China is a member of the WTO and is the world's largest trading power, with a total international trade value of US$4.62 trillion in 2018.[376] Its foreign exchange reserves reached US$3.1 trillion as of 2019,[377] making its reserves by far the world's largest.[378][379] In 2012, China was the world's largest recipient of inward foreign direct investment (FDI), attracting $253 billion.[380] In 2014, China's foreign exchange remittances were $US64 billion making it the second largest recipient of remittances in the world.[381] China also invests abroad, with a total outward FDI of $62.4 billion in 2012,[380] and a number of major takeovers of foreign firms by Chinese companies.[382] China is a major owner of US public debt, holding trillions of dollars worth of U.S. Treasury bonds.[383][384] China's undervalued exchange rate has caused friction with other major economies,[385] and it has also been widely criticized for manufacturing large quantities of counterfeit goods.[386][387] Largest economies by nominal GDP in 2018[388] Following the 2007–08 financial crisis, Chinese authorities sought to actively wean off of its dependence on the U.S. dollar as a result of perceived weaknesses of the international monetary system.[389] To achieve those ends, China took a series of actions to further the internationalization of the Renminbi. In 2008, China established the dim sum bond market and expanded the Cross-Border Trade RMB Settlement Pilot Project, which helps establish pools of offshore RMB liquidity.[390][391] This was followed with bilateral agreements to settle trades directly in renminbi with Russia,[392] Japan,[393] Australia,[394] Singapore,[395] the United Kingdom,[396] and Canada.[397] As a result of the rapid internationalization of the renminbi, it became the eighth-most-traded currency in the world, an emerging international reserve currency,[398] and a component of the IMF's special drawing rights; however, partly due to capital controls that make the renminbi fall short of being a fully convertible currency, it remains far behind the Euro, Dollar and Japanese Yen in international trade volumes.[399] Class and income inequality See also: Income inequality in China China has had the world's largest middle-class population since 2015,[400] and the middle-class grew to a size of 400 million by 2018.[401] In 2020, a study by the Brookings Institution forecasted that China's middle class will reach 1.2 billion by 2027 (almost 4 times the entire U.S. population today), making up one-fourth of the world's total.[402] From 1978 to 2018, the average standard of living multiplied by a factor of twenty-six.[319] Wages in China have grown a lot in the last 40 years—real (inflation-adjusted) wages grew seven-fold from 1978 to 2007.[403] Per capita incomes have risen significantly – when the PRC was founded in 1949, per capita income in China was one-fifth of the world average; per capita incomes now equal the world average itself.[319] By 2018, median wages in Chinese cities such as Shanghai were about the same as or higher than the wages in Eastern European countries.[404] China has the world's highest number of billionaires, with nearly 878 as of October 2020, increasing at the rate of roughly five per week.[405][406][407] China has a high level of economic inequality,[408] which has increased in the past few decades.[409] In 2018 China's Gini coefficient was 0.467, according to the World Bank.[11] Science and technology Main articles: Science and technology in China, Chinese space program, List of Chinese discoveries, List of Chinese inventions, and History of science and technology in China Historical Earliest known written formula for gunpowder, from the Wujing Zongyao of 1044 CE China was a world leader in science and technology until the Ming dynasty.[410] Ancient Chinese discoveries and inventions, such as papermaking, printing, the compass, and gunpowder (the Four Great Inventions), became widespread across East Asia, the Middle East and later Europe. Chinese mathematicians were the first to use negative numbers.[411][412] By the 17th century, the Western hemisphere surpassed China in scientific and technological advancement.[413] The causes of this early modern Great Divergence continue to be debated by scholars.[414] After repeated military defeats by the European colonial powers and Japan in the 19th century, Chinese reformers began promoting modern science and technology as part of the Self-Strengthening Movement. After the Communists came to power in 1949, efforts were made to organize science and technology based on the model of the Soviet Union, in which scientific research was part of central planning.[415] After Mao's death in 1976, science and technology were promoted as one of the Four Modernizations,[416] and the Soviet-inspired academic system was gradually reformed.[417] Modern era Huawei headquarters in Shenzhen. Huawei is the world's largest telecoms-equipment-maker and the second-largest manufacturer of smartphones in the world.[418] Since the end of the Cultural Revolution, China has made significant investments in scientific research[419] and is quickly catching up with the US in R&D spending.[420][421] In 2017, China spent $279 billion on scientific research and development.[422] According to the OECD, China spent 2.11% of its GDP on research and development (R&D) in 2016.[423] Science and technology are seen as vital for achieving China's economic and political goals, and are held as a source of national pride to a degree sometimes described as "techno-nationalism".[424] According to the World Intellectual Property Indicators, China received 1.54 million patent applications in 2018, representing nearly half of patent applications worldwide, more than double the US.[425] In 2019, China was No. 1 in international patents application.[426] China was ranked 11th, 3rd in Asia & Oceania region and 2nd for countries with a population of over 100 million in the Global Innovation Index in 2022, it has increased its ranking considerably since 2013, where it was ranked 35th.[427][428][429][430] China ranks first globally in the important indicators, including patents, utility models, trademarks, industrial designs, and creative goods exports and it also has 2 (Shenzhen-Hong Kong-Guangzhou and Beijing in the 2nd and 3rd spots respectively) of the global top 5 science and technology clusters, which is more than any other country.[431] Chinese tech companies Huawei and ZTE were the top 2 filers of international patents in 2017.[432][433] Chinese-born academicians have won the Nobel Prize in Physics four times, the Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine and Fields Medal once respectively, though most of them conducted their prize-winning research in western nations.[ad][improper synthesis?] Launch of Shenzhou 13 by a Long March 2F rocket. China is one of the only three countries with independent human spaceflight capability. China is developing its education system with an emphasis on science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM); in 2009, China graduated over 10,000 PhD engineers, and as many as 500,000 BSc graduates, more than any other country.[440] China also became the world's largest publisher of scientific papers since 2016.[441][442][443] Chinese technology companies such as Huawei, Xiaomi and Lenovo have become world leaders in telecommunications, consumer electronics and personal computing,[444][445][446] and Chinese supercomputers are consistently ranked among the world's most powerful.[447][448] China has been the world's largest market for industrial robots since 2013 and will account for 45% of newly installed robots from 2019 to 2021.[449] The Chinese space program is one of the world's most active. In 1970, China launched its first satellite, Dong Fang Hong I, becoming the fifth country to do so independently.[450] In 2003, China became the first country in Asia and the third country in the world to independently send humans into space, with Yang Liwei's spaceflight aboard Shenzhou 5; as of 2022, fourteen Chinese nationals have journeyed into space, including two women. In 2007, China became the third country to successfully destroy its own satellite. In 2011, China launched its first space station testbed, Tiangong-1.[451] In 2013, China successfully landed the Chang'e 3 lander and Yutu rover onto the lunar surface.[452] In 2016, the first quantum science satellite was launched in partnership with Austria dedicated to testing the fundamentals of quantum communication in space.[453][454] In 2019, China became the first country to land a probe—Chang'e 4—on the Far side of the Moon.[455] In 2020, the first experimental 6G test satellite was launched[456][457] and Chang'e 5 successfully returned moon samples to the Earth, making China the third country to do so independently after the United States and the Soviet Union.[458] In 2021, China became the second nation in history to independently land a rover (Zhurong) on Mars, joining the United States.[459] China constructed its own modular space station, the Tiangong, in low Earth orbit. The space station was completed on 3 November 2022 with the launch and transpositioning of the last module.[460][461][462][463] Infrastructure After a decades-long infrastructural boom,[464] China has produced numerous world-leading infrastructural projects: China has the world's largest bullet train network,[465] the most supertall skyscrapers in the world,[466] the world's largest power plant (the Three Gorges Dam),[467] the largest energy generation capacity in the world,[468] a global satellite navigation system with the largest number of satellites in the world,[469] and has initiated the Belt and Road Initiative, a large global infrastructure building initiative with funding on the order of $50–100 billion per year.[470] The Belt and Road Initiative could be one of the largest development plans in modern history.[471] Telecommunications Main article: Telecommunications in China Internet penetration rates in China in the context of East Asia and Southeast Asia, 1995–2012 China is the largest telecom market in the world and currently has the largest number of active cellphones of any country in the world, with over 1.5 billion subscribers, as of 2018.[472] It also has the world's largest number of internet and broadband users, with over 800 million Internet users as of 2018—equivalent to around 60% of its population—and almost all of them being mobile as well.[473] By 2018, China had more than 1 billion 4G users, accounting for 40% of world's total.[474] China is making rapid advances in 5G—by late 2018, China had started large-scale and commercial 5G trials.[475] China Mobile, China Unicom and China Telecom, are the three large providers of mobile and internet in China. China Telecom alone served more than 145 million broadband subscribers and 300 million mobile users; China Unicom had about 300 million subscribers; and China Mobile, the largest of them all, had 925 million users, as of 2018.[476][477] Combined, the three operators had over 3.4 million 4G base-stations in China.[478] Several Chinese telecommunications companies, most notably Huawei and ZTE, have been accused of spying for the Chinese military.[479] China has developed its own satellite navigation system, dubbed Beidou, which began offering commercial navigation services across Asia in 2012[480] as well as global services by the end of 2018.[481][482] Upon the completion of the 35th Beidou satellite, which was launched into orbit on 23 June 2020, Beidou followed GPS and GLONASS as the third completed global navigation satellite in the world.[483] Transport Main article: Transport in China The Duge Bridge is the highest bridge in the world. Since the late 1990s, China's national road network has been significantly expanded through the creation of a network of national highways and expressways. In 2018, China's highways had reached a total length of 142,500 km (88,500 mi), making it the longest highway system in the world.[484] China has the world's largest market for automobiles, having surpassed the United States in both auto sales and production. A side-effect of the rapid growth of China's road network has been a significant rise in traffic accidents,[485] though the number of fatalities in traffic accidents fell by 20% from 2007 to 2017.[486] In urban areas, bicycles remain a common mode of transport, despite the increasing prevalence of automobiles – as of 2012, there are approximately 470 million bicycles in China.[487] The Beijing Daxing International Airport features the world's largest single-building airport terminal. China's railways, which are state-owned, are among the busiest in the world, handling a quarter of the world's rail traffic volume on only 6 percent of the world's tracks in 2006.[488][better source needed] As of 2017, the country had 127,000 km (78,914 mi) of railways, the second longest network in the world.[489] The railways strain to meet enormous demand particularly during the Chinese New Year holiday, when the world's largest annual human migration takes place.[490] China's high-speed rail (HSR) system started construction in the early 2000s. By the end of 2020, high speed rail in China had reached 37,900 kilometers (23,550 miles) of dedicated lines alone, making it the longest HSR network in the world.[491][492] Services on the Beijing–Shanghai, Beijing–Tianjin, and Chengdu–Chongqing Lines reach up to 350 km/h (217 mph), making them the fastest conventional high speed railway services in the world. With an annual ridership of over 2.29 billion passengers in 2019 it is the world's busiest.[493][better source needed] The network includes the Beijing–Guangzhou–Shenzhen High-Speed Railway, the single longest HSR line in the world, and the Beijing–Shanghai High-Speed Railway, which has three of longest railroad bridges in the world.[494] The Shanghai Maglev Train, which reaches 431 km/h (268 mph), is the fastest commercial train service in the world.[495] The Port of Shanghai's deep water harbor on Yangshan Island in the Hangzhou Bay is the world's busiest container port since 2010. Since 2000, the growth of rapid transit systems in Chinese cities has accelerated.[496] As of January 2021, 44 Chinese cities have urban mass transit systems in operation[497] and 39 more have metro systems approved.[498] As of 2020, China boasts the five longest metro systems in the world with the networks in Shanghai, Beijing, Guangzhou, Chengdu and Shenzhen being the largest. There were approximately 229 airports in 2017, with around 240 planned by 2020. China has over 2,000 river and seaports, about 130 of which are open to foreign shipping.[499] In 2017, the Ports of Shanghai, Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Ningbo-Zhoushan, Guangzhou, Qingdao and Tianjin ranked in the Top 10 in the world in container traffic and cargo tonnage.[500] Water supply and sanitation Main article: Water supply and sanitation in China Water supply and sanitation infrastructure in China is facing challenges such as rapid urbanization, as well as water scarcity, contamination, and pollution.[501] According to data presented by the Joint Monitoring Program for Water Supply and Sanitation of WHO and UNICEF in 2015, about 36% of the rural population in China still did not have access to improved sanitation.[502] The ongoing South–North Water Transfer Project intends to abate water shortage in the north.[503] Demographics Main article: Demographics of China A 2009 population density map of the People's Republic of China, with territories not under its control in blue. The eastern coastal provinces are much more densely populated than the western interior. The national census of 2020 recorded the population of the People's Republic of China as approximately 1,411,778,724. According to the 2020 census, about 17.95% of the population were 14 years old or younger, 63.35% were between 15 and 59 years old, and 18.7% were over 60 years old.[8] The population growth rate for 2013 is estimated to be 0.46%.[504] China used to make up much of the world's poor; now it makes up much of the world's middle-class.[505] Although a middle-income country by Western standards, China's rapid growth has pulled hundreds of millions—800 million, to be more precise[506]—of its people out of poverty since 1978. By 2013, less than 2% of the Chinese population lived below the international poverty line of US$1.9 per day, down from 88% in 1981.[356] From 2009 to 2018, the unemployment rate in China has averaged about 4%.[507] Given concerns about population growth, China implemented a two-child limit during the 1970s, and, in 1979, began to advocate for an even stricter limit of one child per family. Beginning in the mid-1980s, however, given the unpopularity of the strict limits, China began to allow some major exemptions, particularly in rural areas, resulting in what was actually a "1.5"-child policy from the mid-1980s to 2015 (ethnic minorities were also exempt from one child limits). The next major loosening of the policy was enacted in December 2013, allowing families to have two children if one parent is an only child.[508] In 2016, the one-child policy was replaced in favor of a two-child policy.[509] A three-child policy was announced on 31 May 2021, due to population aging,[510] and in July 2021, all family size limits as well as penalties for exceeding them were removed.[511] According to data from the 2020 census, China's total fertility rate is 1.3, but some experts believe that after adjusting for the transient effects of the relaxation of restrictions, the country's actual total fertility rate is as low as 1.1.[512] According to one group of scholars, one-child limits had little effect on population growth[513] or the size of the total population.[514] However, these scholars have been challenged. Their own counterfactual model of fertility decline without such restrictions implies that China averted more than 500 million births between 1970 and 2015, a number which may reach one billion by 2060 given all the lost descendants of births averted during the era of fertility restrictions, with one-child restrictions accounting for the great bulk of that reduction.[515] The policy, along with traditional preference for boys, may have contributed to an imbalance in the sex ratio at birth.[516][517] According to the 2010 census, the sex ratio at birth was 118.06 boys for every 100 girls,[518] which is beyond the normal range of around 105 boys for every 100 girls.[519] The 2010 census found that males accounted for 51.27 percent of the total population.[518] However, China's sex ratio is more balanced than it was in 1953, when males accounted for 51.82 percent of the total population.[518] Ethnic groups Main articles: List of ethnic groups in China, Ethnic minorities in China, and Ethnic groups in Chinese history Ethnolinguistic map of China China legally recognizes 56 distinct ethnic groups, who altogether comprise the Zhonghua Minzu. The largest of these nationalities are the ethnic Chinese or "Han", who constitute more than 90% of the total population.[520] The Han Chinese – the world's largest single ethnic group[521] – outnumber other ethnic groups in every provincial-level division except Tibet and Xinjiang.[522] Ethnic minorities account for less than 10% of the population of China, according to the 2010 census.[520] Compared with the 2000 population census, the Han population increased by 66,537,177 persons, or 5.74%, while the population of the 55 national minorities combined increased by 7,362,627 persons, or 6.92%.[520] The 2010 census recorded a total of 593,832 foreign nationals living in China. The largest such groups were from South Korea (120,750), the United States (71,493) and Japan (66,159).[523] Languages Main articles: Languages of China and List of endangered languages in China A trilingual sign in Sibsongbanna, with Tai Lü language on the top Lihaozhai High School in Jianshui, Yunnan. The sign is in Hani (Latin alphabet), Nisu (Yi script), and Chinese. There are as many as 292 living languages in China.[524] The languages most commonly spoken belong to the Sinitic branch of the Sino-Tibetan language family, which contains Mandarin (spoken by 70% of the population),[525] and other varieties of Chinese language: Yue (including Cantonese and Taishanese), Wu (including Shanghainese and Suzhounese), Min (including Fuzhounese, Hokkien and Teochew), Xiang, Gan and Hakka. Languages of the Tibeto-Burman branch, including Tibetan, Qiang, Naxi and Yi, are spoken across the Tibetan and Yunnan–Guizhou Plateau. Other ethnic minority languages in southwest China include Zhuang, Thai, Dong and Sui of the Tai-Kadai family, Miao and Yao of the Hmong–Mien family, and Wa of the Austroasiatic family. Across northeastern and northwestern China, local ethnic groups speak Altaic languages including Manchu, Mongolian and several Turkic languages: Uyghur, Kazakh, Kyrgyz, Salar and Western Yugur. Korean is spoken natively along the border with North Korea. Sarikoli, the language of Tajiks in western Xinjiang, is an Indo-European language. Taiwanese aborigines, including a small population on the mainland, speak Austronesian languages.[526] Standard Mandarin, a variety of Mandarin based on the Beijing dialect, is the official national language of China and is used as a lingua franca in the country between people of different linguistic backgrounds.[527][528] Mongolian, Uyghur, Tibetan, Zhuang and various other languages are also regionally recognized throughout the country.[529] Chinese characters have been used as the written script for the Sinitic languages for thousands of years. They allow speakers of mutually unintelligible Chinese varieties to communicate with each other through writing. In 1956, the government introduced simplified characters, which have supplanted the older traditional characters in mainland China. Chinese characters are romanized using the Pinyin system. Tibetan uses an alphabet based on an Indic script. Uyghur is most commonly written in Persian alphabet-based Uyghur Arabic alphabet. The Mongolian script used in China and the Manchu script are both derived from the Old Uyghur alphabet. Zhuang uses both an official Latin alphabet script and a traditional Chinese character script.[citation needed] Urbanization See also: List of cities in China, List of cities in China by population, and Megalopolises in China Map of the ten largest cities in China (2010) China has urbanized significantly in recent decades. The percent of the country's population living in urban areas increased from 20% in 1980 to over 60% in 2019.[530][531][532] It is estimated that China's urban population will reach one billion by 2030, potentially equivalent to one-eighth of the world population.[531][532] China has over 160 cities with a population of over one million,[533] including the 17 megacities as of 2021[534][535] (cities with a population of over 10 million) of Chongqing, Shanghai, Beijing, Chengdu, Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Tianjin, Xi'an, Suzhou, Zhengzhou, Wuhan, Hangzhou, Linyi, Shijiazhuang, Dongguan, Qingdao and Changsha.[536] Among them, the total permanent population of Chongqing, Shanghai, Beijing and Chengdu is above 20 million.[537] Shanghai is China's most populous urban area[538][539] while Chongqing is its largest city proper, the only city in China with the largest permanent population of over 30 million.[540] By 2025, it is estimated that the country will be home to 221 cities with over a million inhabitants.[531] The figures in the table below are from the 2017 census,[541] and are only estimates of the urban populations within administrative city limits; a different ranking exists when considering the total municipal populations (which includes suburban and rural populations). The large "floating populations" of migrant workers make conducting censuses in urban areas difficult;[542] the figures below include only long-term residents.[citation needed] vte Largest cities or municipalities in the People's Republic of China China Urban Construction Statistical Yearbook 2020 Urban Population and Urban Temporary Population [543][note 1][note 2] Rank Name Province Pop. Rank Name Province Pop. Shanghai Shanghai Beijing Beijing 1 Shanghai SH 24,281,400 11 Hong Kong HK 7,448,900 Guangzhou Guangzhou Shenzhen Shenzhen 2 Beijing BJ 19,164,000 12 Zhengzhou HA 7,179,400 3 Guangzhou GD 13,858,700 13 Nanjing JS 6,823,500 4 Shenzhen GD 13,438,800 14 Xi'an SN 6,642,100 5 Tianjin TJ 11,744,400 15 Jinan SD 6,409,600 6 Chongqing CQ 11,488,000 16 Shenyang LN 5,900,000 7 Dongguan GD 9,752,500 17 Qingdao SD 5,501,400 8 Chengdu SC 8,875,600 18 Harbin HL 5,054,500 9 Wuhan HB 8,652,900 19 Hefei AH 4,750,100 10 Hangzhou ZJ 8,109,000 20 Changchun JL 4,730,900 Population of Hong Kong as of 2018 estimate.[544] The data of Chongqing in the list is the data of "Metropolitan Developed Economic Area", which contains two parts: "City Proper" and "Metropolitan Area". The "City proper" are consist of 9 districts: Yuzhong, Dadukou, Jiangbei, Shapingba, Jiulongpo, Nan'an, Beibei, Yubei, & Banan, has the urban population of 5,646,300 as of 2018. And the "Metropolitan Area" are consist of 12 districts: Fuling, Changshou, Jiangjin, Hechuan, Yongchuan, Nanchuan, Qijiang, Dazu, Bishan, Tongliang, Tongnan, & Rongchang, has the urban population of 5,841,700.[545] Total urban population of all 26 districts of Chongqing are up to 15,076,600. Education Main articles: Education in China, Higher education in China, and List of universities in China [golden secrets] From time to time, we send special emails or offers from 3rd party websites to readers who chose to opt-in. We hope you find them useful. It’s a good idea to [whitelist us]( make sure you get every email. This offer is brought to you by Golden Gate Marketers. 16192 Coastal Hwy Lewes, DE 19958 USA. If for any reason you believe you received this email from Golden Gate Marketers in error [unsubscribe here](. 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