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͏ ‌ ͏ ‌ ͏ ‌ ͏ ‌ ͏ ‌ ͏ ‌ ͏ ‌ ͏ ‌ ͏ ‌ ͏ ‌ ͏ ‌ ͏ ‌ ͏ ‌ ͏ ‌ ͏ ‌ ͏ ‌ ͏ ‌ ͏ ‌ ͏ ‌ ͏ ‌ ͏ ‌ ͏ ‌ ͏ ‌ ͏ ‌ ͏ ‌ ͏ ‌ ͏ ‌ ͏ ‌ ͏ ‌ ͏ ‌ ͏ ‌ ͏ ‌ ͏ ‌ ͏ ‌ ͏ ‌ ͏ ‌ ͏ ‌ ͏ ‌ ͏ ‌ ͏ ‌ ͏ ‌ ͏ ‌ ͏ ‌ ͏ ‌ ͏ ‌ ͏ ‌ ͏ ‌ ͏ ‌ ͏ ‌ ͏ ‌ ͏ ‌ ͏ ‌ ͏ ‌ ͏ ‌ ͏ ‌ ͏ ‌ ͏ ‌ ͏ ‌ ͏ ‌ ͏ ‌ ͏ ‌ ͏ ‌ ͏ ‌ ͏ ‌ ͏ ‌ ͏ ‌ ͏ ‌ ͏ ‌ ͏ ‌ ͏ ‌ ͏ ‌ ͏ ‌ ͏ ‌ ͏ ‌ ͏ ‌ ͏ ‌ ͏ ‌ ͏ ‌ ͏ ‌ ͏ ‌ ͏ ‌ ͏ ‌ ͏ ‌ ͏ ‌ ͏ ‌ ͏ ‌ ͏ ‌ ͏ ‌ ͏ ‌ ͏ ‌ ͏ ‌ ͏ ‌ ͏ ‌ ͏ ‌ ͏ ‌ ͏ ‌ ͏ ‌ ͏ ‌ ͏ ‌ ͏ ‌ ͏ ‌ ͏ ‌ ͏ ‌ ͏ ‌ ͏ ‌ ͏ ‌ ͏ ‌ ͏ ‌ ͏ ‌ ͏ ‌ ͏ ‌ ͏ ‌ ͏ ‌ ͏ ‌ ͏ ‌ ͏ ‌ ͏ ‌ ͏ ‌ ͏ ‌ ͏ ‌ ͏ ‌ ͏ ‌ ͏ ‌ ͏ ‌ ͏ ‌ ͏ ‌ ͏ ‌ ͏ ‌ ͏ ‌ ͏ ‌ ͏ ‌ ͏ ‌ ͏ ‌ ͏ ‌ ͏ ‌ ͏ ‌ ͏ ‌ ͏ ‌ ͏ ‌ ‘Has to be built’: The temple at the heart of Modi’s India re-election bid For Modi’s BJP, the Ram Mandir, built on the ruins of the demolished Babri Masjid, represents a promise fulfilled – and a trap for opponents. A construction crew works on Ram Mandir, a Hindu temple dedicated to Lord Ram, being built at the site of the demolished Babri Masjid in Ayodhya, India, December 29, 2023 A construction crew works on Ram Mandir, a Hindu temple dedicated to Lord Ram, being built at the site of the demolished Babri Masjid in Ayodhya, India, December 29, 2023 [Rajesh Kumar Singh/AP Photo] By Sanjay Kapoor Published On 16 Jan 202416 Jan 2024 Save articles to read later and create your own reading list. Ayodhya, India – For hundreds of years, a journey to Ayodhya for many Hindu pilgrims meant a walk down narrow lanes to the Hanuman Garhi Mandir, a temple honouring Hanuman, the monkey god. Now a wide street leads to the shrine, with shops on both sides selling sweetmeats as offerings to the deity. Hanuman Garhi has a brooding dark dome, and the temple has a new coat of red and saffron paint. Its young priests are sprightly and quick. But the 10th-century temple in the northern Uttar Pradesh state is no longer the main attraction here. Some 500 metres (547 yards) away, a brand new, as yet incomplete, construction has taken hold of India’s attention. Keep reading list of 4 items list 1 of 4 US Senator Tim Scott endorses Trump for president in blow to Nikki Haley list 2 of 4 Popcorn and curfews: India gets ready for Ram temple with frenzy and fear list 3 of 4 Purges in China’s military allow Taiwan some respite – for now list 4 of 4 Could the New Hampshire primary be Haley’s last stand against Trump? end of list Long queues of young men and women chant “Jai Shri Ram” (Victory to Lord Ram) as they try to enter the complex, guarded zealously by police officers. One policeman helpfully tells them to deposit their mobile phones in a safe. Inside, craftsmen work on large horizontal prefab structures. Others chisel away painstakingly at pillars and rock features. It is not noisy, but there is a buzz of construction activity everywhere. The queue leads to a statue of Ram, which will give way to a new one that has been selected in a nationwide competition and will be moved to the venue on January 17. Meanwhile, workers race against time, repairing the steps of a nearby baoli or step-well, and building accommodation for pilgrims. They have a deadline to meet – January 22 – by when they must build enough of the Ram Mandir for Prime Minister Narendra Modi to inaugurate it, amid nationwide frenzy around the project fed and fuelled by the governing Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) and its allied Hindu majoritarian outfits. Built on the ruins of a mosque of the 16th century, Babri Masjid, which Hindu activists demolished in December 1992, the temple is close to the site that is believed by many Hindus to be the birthplace of Lord Ram, a personification of the victory of good over evil. In 1990, the BJP and quasi-religious bodies like Vishwa Hindu Parishad (VHP) launched a massive campaign demanding that a temple be built where the mosque stood, culminating in the physical assault on the existing shrine two years later. The movement catapulted the BJP, which had won only two out of the 543 seats in the lower house of India’s parliament, to national centre stage. Now, the semi-constructed temple is poised to serve as the backdrop for what many analysts and opposition leaders say is effectively the launch of Modi’s campaign for re-election in the 2024 national polls, expected to be held between March and May. ‘No one disputes the importance of the temple’ To many Ayodhya residents, and those visiting the temple town, it is a moment to cherish. “We are very happy with the temple,” said Daudas, the chief priest at Hanuman Garhi, adding that it would be good for the economy of the city too. Deepak Gupta, a shopkeeper near Hanuman Garhi, agreed and said many tourists were already visiting the city to see the construction that has been under way. More pilgrims would come, he said, after the January 22 consecration. At a petrol station on his way from Lucknow, the capital of Uttar Pradesh, to Ayodhya, businessman Dalip Chopra acknowledged that political reasons might be driving the project. But, he added, “No one disputes the importance of the temple and the fact that it has to be built.” Had he ever prayed to Ram before? “We will do it now,” he said, defiantly. Sign up for Al Jazeera Weekly Newsletter The latest news from around the world. Timely. Accurate. Fair. Please check your email to confirm your subscription By signing up, you agree to our Privacy Policy protected by reCAPTCHA Vijay Mishra, an astrologer and priest who divides his time between Lucknow and Ayodhya, said a brand new international airport and a railway station, both inaugurated by Modi on December 30, “could make many bigger cities envious” of Ayodhya. Politics or religion? Across Ayodhya, flags of the governing party lazily flutter alongside banners of a victorious Ram and an angry Hanuman, reinforcing the idea that the temple is a gift to India’s Hindu majority from the BJP. Only 6,000 specially chosen invitees will be allowed in on January 22, and the security blanket, it appears, is aimed at preparing for the possibility of excited crowds trying to enter. On October 30, 1990, the state police had fired on devotees and religious workers, known as karsevaks, as they tried to force their way to the site. At least 50 people were killed. The party in power then in Uttar Pradesh is now in opposition. And a BJP government in the state will not want even the possibility of a repeat. “What would happen if thousands come to Ayodhya,” wondered Shyambabu, owner of a sweetmeat shop in front of the Hanuman Garhi temple. Besides Modi, others who will be part of the consecration include Mohan Bhagwat, chief of the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS), the BJP’s ideological parent; Uttar Pradesh Chief Minister Yogi Adityanath and a priest chosen to perform the ceremony. That the inauguration is taking place before the temple is complete, and that it focuses on Modi — who is not from the Brahmin or priestly community — has upset some Hindu gurus. Four of the most prominent seers, called the Shankaracharyas, are boycotting the event. Also skipping the event is the opposition Congress party, which described the inauguration as a political show rather than one meant to honour Ram. India’s mostly pro-government mainstream media has savaged the Congress over its decision — the BJP and its allies portray India’s Grand Old Party as anti-Hindu and focused on the interests of Muslims. But political analyst Harish Khare said the Congress decision was a reflection of the leadership of the party’s current president, veteran leader Mallikarjun Kharge, who in 2022 took over from the Nehru-Gandhi family that has controlled the Congress for much of the past 75 years. “Unlike the Gandhis, the new Congress president will not allow himself to be on the backfoot on this matter,” Khare said. “Mr Kharge has brought in new clarity that the new president would not be part of any congregation in which the RSS chief would be a major presence.” The Congress is the hub around which the opposition alliance, called INDIA, has been built. With elections coming up, Congress cannot be seen as complicit in a ceremony orchestrated by the party it wants to replace. For the BJP, meanwhile, the Congress decision is a chance to reinforce its narrative that it alone cares about the country’s Hindus. On January 22, as the Ram Mandir is consecrated, a re-election campaign too, will in effect be inaugurated ---------------------------------------- A new study has found that following a Mediterranean diet can help to alter your brain chemistry – leaving you feeling more positive. The Mediterranean diet is thought to be one of the most nutritious ways of eating thanks to the fact that it covers all the main food groups and includes loads of anti-inflammatories and antioxidants. Think about it: you’ve got a plate stacked with fresh fruit and veg, dashed with olive oil which is full of healthy monounsaturated fats, accompanied with fibre-rich almonds, anti-oxidant packed seeds, potassium-filled avocados and oily fish (such as grilled sardines, salmon and anchovies) that chock full of omega-3s. You’ve basically checked off all the major food groups and beneficial nutrients in one meal. So, why is the Mediterranean diet so good for us and how can we eat more like the Italians, Israelis and Persians? What are omega-3s? Omega-3s are polyunsaturated fatty acids – essential fats that our bodies can’t produce and which can only be accessed through food or supplementation. Their anti-inflammatory effects means that they help to maintain a healthy heart, improve mental health and can reduce muscular inflammation. There are three main types of omega-3 fatty acids: alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). DHA and EPA tend to come from fish, seaweed and algae – so if you’re plant-based, it’s important to understand where you can get these acids from (ie spirulina supplements). Why is the Mediterranean diet so good for brain health? Essentially, the Mediterranean diet is high in carbs, medium in fats and very low on processed food – so if you want to follow it and benefit from its muscle-loving properties, you’ve got to up your fat intake, boost the number of plants you’re eating and focus on consuming lots of omega-3 fatty acids. There are plenty of brain benefits to this way of eating. A new study, published in Nutritional Neuroscience, has found that this way of eating may be able to change our brain chemistry to make us feel more positive. Researchers from Roehampton and Royal Holloway universities got 164 people to eat a Mediterranean diet over a period of time and then divided groups based on high adherence and low. They were then asked to complete a series of questionnaires on diet and mental health before having their brains scanned to look at the amounts gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamate (key neurotransmitters involved in brain excitability and inhibition) being produced. Researchers found that the higher the adherence to the Mediterranean diet, the higher the levels of GABA (linked to feeling more sociable and uninhibited) and lower levels of glutamate (too much of which can make us feel anxious). While they didn’t go so far as to find a direct association between diet quality and measures of depression or stress, researchers did observe that diet might be associated with alterations in brain chemistry, and that those alternations could contribute to how we feel. You may also like Eating nuts like almonds can help your body to deal with stress – here's why scientists recommend it More specifically, a 2022 study found that eating cold-water fish and other sources of omega-3 fatty acids like chia seeds and walnuts (all huge parts of the Med diet) may preserve brain health and enhance thinking capacity as we age. Published in the journal Neurology, scientists found that eating a diet rich in omega-3s while we’re young can protect our brain against common signs of ageing by the time we reach middle age. We don’t yet know why DHA and EPA protect the brain but researchers have suggested that it might be down to their anti-inflammatory properties. “We don’t understand everything yet but (it’s proven that) if you increase your consumption of omega-3s even by a little bit, you are protecting your brain,” says Dr Claudia Satizabal, lead author of the study. Why omega-3 is so good for brain and body strength Reduced inflammation While “working out is amazing for the body, it can also wreak havoc on your muscles and joints if you don’t take the proper precautions – such as eating all the right nutrients,” says Isabel Zapf, the founder of Z-Ora Nutrition. “Nutrients help repair the damage that occurs during exercise (such as helping to rebuild muscles). Omega-3, EPA and DHA contain long-chain fatty acids found in algae and oily fish that offset free radical damage caused by strenuous workouts (free radicals lead to inflammation which is what taxes the muscles, joints and ligaments). So these will work to keep the arteries clear and blood flowing efficiently throughout the body and to the muscles.” Oily fishes like salmon are packed with essential fatty acids that our bodies can't make themselves You may also like Easy salmon recipes: 3 new ways to cook your favourite fish Muscle recovery In a report published this month, researchers at the University of Westminster gave people either an omega-3 capsule three times a day for four weeks or a matching placebo; and then got them to do very intense exercise that would cause severe muscle pain afterwards. They discovered a lower inflammatory response and decreased muscle damage to the group taking the fish oil capsules, as compared to the placebo group. While omega-3 didn’t enhance performance, it did reduce pain. Reduced muscle soreness It’s not just DOMs (delayed onset muscle soreness) that omega-3 can help with. According to a study published in the British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, the EPA and DHA in fish oil helps to lessen some symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis (an inflammatory form of the disease). Because of its anti-inflammatory properties, omega-3 has been found to reduce the duration of morning joint stiffness, decrease the number of swollen or tender joints, lessen time to fatigue – while crucially, increasing grip strength. Interestingly, grip strength is a hugely important indicator of strength and overall wellbeing, with researchers saying that it can predict your risk of cardiovascular disease. In fact, the stronger your grip as you age, the more likely you are to survive diseases such as cancer and stay more mobile and independent. Recover easier by getting your fill of antioxident-packed omega-3 Increased endurance As nutritionist Zoe Palmer-Wright, working with wellness brand FOGA says, there is some evidence to suggest that omega-3 can help to improve workout quality. One study found that when a group of men took 2,400mg of fish oil every day for eight week and then performed five sets of six bicep curls, they managed to maintain muscle force and experienced less muscle swelling than the group taking a placebo. It’s worth pointing out that this and many other studies looking into the properties of fish oil were conducted on men, so there are limitations in regards to the impact it has on women and of course, taking a supplement is quite different to getting the nutrients from eating whole foods. What are plant-based alternatives of omega-3? Healthy fats are the mainstay of the Mediterranean diet, with foods such as fish, nuts and oils being promoted over dairy, meat and other forms of saturated fat. Not a fan of fish? Not to worry, there are plenty of plant-based options that contain omega-3s such as the below: Walnuts: These are jam-packed with important nutrients such as fibre and minerals, including manganese, copper, phosphorus, and magnesium. You’ll get 10,800mg of ALA Omega-3 Fatty Acids per 28g. Beans: Beans are a great way to get your intake of protein and fibre – which are both vital to the Mediterranean diet. To get your legume fix, try mixing some beans (such as chickpeas, black beans, kidney beans, lentils, or peas) in a salad, soup, or platter of sautéed vegetables. Just make sure that you rinse any canned beans first as this helps to minimise their sodium content. You may also like The truth about why we're all obsessed with avocados Tofu: Made by coagulating soy milk and pressing the soy curds to form soft blocks, each serving provides a hearty dose of several key nutrients: including protein, iron, calcium, and manganese. You’ll get 6,060 mg of ALA Omega 3 per 1/4 block (122g). Seeds: If you don’t eat fish, load up on chia seeds, hemp seeds and flaxseeds – all provide protein as well as omega-3s. Oils: Olive oil is the primary source of fat in the Mediterranean diet. It provides monounsaturated fat which has been found to lower total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. However, the amount of omega-3s included is very low at around just 1%. “We would recommend switching your olive oil to avocado or algae oil. In addition to being high in antioxidants, animal studies have found that avocado oil may improve heart health by reducing cholesterol and triglyceride levels,” Isabel explains. Healthy fats in the Mediterranean diet You might be thinking that if omega-3s are found in fatty foods and these acids can help to make us stronger, perhaps good fats in general can boost muscle mass and body strength. While fats aren’t directly responsible for muscle growth, “they do play a key role in improving your overall performance,” Zapf says. She explains that polyunsaturated fats are crucial for maintaining hormone levels and building our cell membranes (the vital exterior of each cell) and the layer surrounding nerves. “They are needed for blood clotting, muscle movement and inflammation. Fats are also needed for the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins such as vitamin A, D, E and K – all of which play a crucial role in muscle building and recovery,” meaning that the Mediterranean diet is great for anyone who exercises regularly, has an active lifestyle and wants to get stronger. Nutrition and health consultant and co-founder of Sow and Arrow Pauline Cox, explains that healthy fats have multiple functions within the body: “They’re the building blocks to hormones, maintaining and building our nervous system; they play an integral role in a healthy functioning immune system and are a clean source of long-burning fuel for the body. When we are able to burn fat for fuel, we preserve our lean muscle mass – which is often at the mercy of being used by the body as a source of fuel.” She believes that a diet rich in healthy oils and whole food fats such as oily fish, eggs, avocados, nuts and seeds provides “essential building blocks for a healthy body”. Coupled with quality protein and nutrient-dense vegetables, you’ve got an ideal recipe for overall health and improved strength. You may also like Recipe: Salmon and Avocado Ceviche Fibre in the Mediterranean diet It’s not just the omega-3s and healthy fats in the Mediterranean diet that make it such a good option for active women. It tends to be high in fibre thanks to all the vegetables and complex carbs; making it ideal for promoting a healthy gut – which in turn, “supports strength gains,” Palmer-Wright says. “A healthy digestive system that is able to break down foods, absorb nutrients efficiently and has a healthy microbiome is key to muscle building and repair, increased energy levels, good mood, motivation and strong immunity – all of which help us to show up consistently to training and perform at our best.” Antioxidants are also super important, and these come from all the plants on the plan. “Antioxidants from fruit and veg can counteract the cell-damaging effects of exercise, reduce post-workout fatigue and promote muscle recovery,” Palmer-Wright says, going on to say that the Mediterranean diet as a whole promotes nutrient-dense, fresh whole foods that include lots of high-quality proteins. 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