Neuron: April 4, 2018 (Volume 98, Issue 1)

[Cell press]( [Facebook]( [Twitter]( [Youtube]( [Google Plus]( [Weibo]( [Issue cover]( [Apr 04, 2018]( Vol. 98, Iss. 1 [Website]( [Table of Contents]( [Online Now]( [Archive]( Highlights Announcements --------------------------------------------------------------- [Take a look at the outstanding speaker line up for Cell Symposia: Translation of Stem Cells to the Clinic: Challenges and Opportunities]( Including keynotes Hongkui Deng, Peking University, China & Sally Temple, Neural Stem Cell Institute, USA [Check out the latest jobs in the life sciences on the Cell Career Network]( Featured Article --------------------------------------------------------------- [A Circuit for Integration of Head- and Visual-Motion Signals in Layer 6 of Mouse Primary Visual Cortex]( Mateo Vélez-Fort, Edward F. Bracey, Sepiedeh Keshavarzi, Charly V. Rousseau, Lee Cossell, Stephen C. Lenzi, Molly Strom, Troy W. Margrie Online Now --------------------------------------------------------------- [Spontaneous Infra-slow Brain Activity Has Unique Spatiotemporal Dynamics and Laminar Structure]( Mitra et al. [Kir4.1-Dependent Astrocyte-Fast Motor Neuron Interactions Are Required for Peak Strength]( Kelley et al. Video Abstract --------------------------------------------------------------- [An Imaging-Based Neuron-Astrocyte Proximity Assay]( [The Khakh lab]( at UCLA has developed state-of-the-art genetic and optical strategies to image astrocyte interactions with neurons in living, intact adult brain preparations. [Learning Songs with the Help of Dopamine]( Circuits in the brain are known to signal better and worse performances, but it is unknown whether these signals are sufficient to guide learning of skilled motor behaviors. Using optogenetic excitation and inhibition of dopaminergic terminals in the basal ganglia of freely behaving songbirds, [Lei Xiao, Todd Roberts, and colleagues]( demonstrate the sufficiency of dopaminergic performance evaluation signals in song learning. Table of Contents Previews --------------------------------------------------------------- [Large-Scale CRISPR-Mediated Somatic Mutagenesis Identifies a Signaling Pathway that Guides Retinal Development]( Olga Minkina, Claude Desplan As the mammalian outer retina develops, rod and cone photoreceptors synapse with their respective bipolar cells. Sarin et al. develop a somatic CRISPR technique to determine how genes differentially expressed among the four cell types mediate outer retina development. [Protected by a Fox]( Diane Lipscombe, Eduardo Javier Lopez-Soto Cell-specific regulation of gene expression is important for maintaining cortical excitatory/inhibitory balance. In this issue of Neuron, Vuong et al. (2018) reveal an unlikely role for a broadly expressed RNA binding protein, Rbfox1, in protecting inhibitory transmission in the hippocampus. [A Neural Circuit Driving Maternal Behaviors]( Rui Lin, Yi Li, Minmin Luo In this issue of Neuron, Fang et al. (2018) identified a neural circuit that connects the medial preoptic area to the ventral tegmental area as a critical pathway for pup retrieval in female mice. [Cortical Signal Propagation: Balance, Amplify, Transmit]( Jake P. Stroud, Tim P. Vogels The neural code of cortical processing remains uncracked; however, it must necessarily rely on faithful signal propagation between cortical areas. In this issue of Neuron, Joglekar et al. (2018) show that strong inter-areal excitation balanced by local inhibition can enable reliable signal propagation in data-constrained network models of macaque cortex. Voices --------------------------------------------------------------- [Neuroscience: Past and Future]( Reflecting on when Neuron was launched and what the next 30 years may bring, neuroscientists share their excitement and visions for the future of the field. Q&A --------------------------------------------------------------- [Robert Malenka]( In an interview with Neuron, Robert Malenka shares his favorite discovery moments and discusses his philosophy for running a lab, the influence of his clinical training, and his broad interests, ranging from basic synaptic physiology to circuits mediating reward, aversion, and prosocial behaviors. Reviews --------------------------------------------------------------- [Neural Circuit Mechanisms of Social Behavior]( Patrick Chen, Weizhe Hong Social behaviors are universal throughout the animal kingdom and play pivotal roles in human health and society. In this Review, Chen and Hong discuss the neural circuit mechanisms and principles underlying social behaviors in rodent model systems, as well as potential areas for future research. [Regulation of Body Temperature by the Nervous System]( Chan Lek Tan, Zachary A. Knight Tan and Knight review the neural mechanisms that regulate body temperature in mammals. They describe the molecules and cells that sense temperature, the afferent pathways that transmit this information to the brain, and efferent pathways that coordinate the homeostatic response. NeuroResource --------------------------------------------------------------- [An Optical Neuron-Astrocyte Proximity Assay at Synaptic Distance Scales]( J. Christopher Octeau, Hua Chai, Ruotian Jiang, Shivan L. Bonanno, Kelsey C. Martin, Baljit S. Khakh The Khakh laboratory and collaborators used state-of-the-art optical and genetic strategies to develop an imaging approach to measure static and dynamic interactions of astrocyte processes with synaptic elements within intact adult brain preparations. Report --------------------------------------------------------------- [Proprioceptive Opsin Functions in Drosophila Larval Locomotion]( Damiano Zanini, Diego Giraldo, Ben Warren, Radoslaw Katana, Marta Andrés, Suneel Reddy, Stephanie Pauls, Nicola Schwedhelm-Domeyer, Bart R.H. Geurten, Martin C. Göpfert Zanini et al. report that locomotion in Drosophila larvae requires rhabdomeric visual opsins in ciliated proprioceptors where they contribute to mechanosensation and cilium organization. Articles --------------------------------------------------------------- [Nav1.1-Overexpressing Interneuron Transplants Restore Brain Rhythms and Cognition in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer’s Disease]( Magdalena Martinez-Losa, Tara E. Tracy, Keran Ma, Laure Verret, Alexandra Clemente-Perez, Abdullah S. Khan, Inma Cobos, Kaitlyn Ho, Li Gan, Lennart Mucke, Manuel Alvarez-Dolado, Jorge J. Palop Inhibitory interneurons regulate brain rhythms and cognitive functions disrupted by Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Martinez-Losa et al. show that the level of the voltage-gated sodium channel subunit Nav1.1 in interneuron transplants regulates their therapeutic efficacy in an AD mouse model. [Functional Divergence of Delta and Mu Opioid Receptor Organization in CNS Pain Circuits]( Dong Wang, Vivianne L. Tawfik, Gregory Corder, Sarah A. Low, Amaury François, Allan I. Basbaum, Grégory Scherrer Open Access Wang et al. show that the delta and mu opioid receptors are present in mostly different populations of pain neurons in the spinal cord and brain, indicating that they may control distinct types of pain or distinct aspects of pain experience. [Role for Wnt Signaling in Retinal Neuropil Development: Analysis via RNA-Seq and In Vivo Somatic CRISPR Mutagenesis]( Sumeet Sarin, Elizabeth Zuniga-Sanchez, Yerbol Z. Kurmangaliyev, Henry Cousins, Mili Patel, Jeanette Hernandez, Kelvin X. Zhang, Melanie A. Samuel, Marta Morey, Joshua R. Sanes, S. Lawrence Zipursky Photoreceptors form synapses on interneurons in the retina. Sarin et al. used RNA-seq and somatic CRISPR/Cas9 mutagenesis to seek genes required for this process. They show that Wnt5 produced by bipolar interneurons acts on rod photoreceptors to regulate synapse location. [Rbfox1 Regulates Synaptic Transmission through the Inhibitory Neuron-Specific vSNARE Vamp1]( Celine K. Vuong, Weizheng Wei, Ji-Ann Lee, Chia-Ho Lin, Andrey Damianov, Luis de la Torre-Ubieta, Reem Halabi, Klara Olofsdotter Otis, Kelsey C. Martin, Thomas J. O’Dell, Douglas L. Black Regulation of Vamp1 expression in inhibitory neurons by cytoplasmic Rbfox1 is required for proper inhibitory synaptic transmission and E/I balance. Restoring Vamp1 levels in Rbfox1 cKO inhibitory neurons is sufficient to rescue physiological defects. [Active Protection: Learning-Activated Raf/MAPK Activity Protects Labile Memory from Rac1-Independent Forgetting]( Xuchen Zhang, Qian Li, Lianzhang Wang, Zhong-Jian Liu, Yi Zhong Neuroscience and psychology concern memory maintenance and forgetting. Zhang et al. demonstrate that learning-activated Raf/MAPK pathway actively protects labile memory for hours. This active protection, combined with suppression of Rac1-dependent active forgetting, fully blocks labile memory forgetting. [Complementary Tuning of Na+ and K+ Channel Gating Underlies Fast and Energy-Efficient Action Potentials in GABAergic Interneuron Axons]( Hua Hu, Fabian C. Roth, David Vandael, Peter Jonas Open Access Hu et al. demonstrate that action potentials in parvalbumin-expressing GABAergic interneuron axons are energetically efficient, which is highly unexpected given their brief duration. High energy efficiency emerges from the combination of fast inactivation of voltage-gated Na+ channels and delayed activation of Kv3 channels in the axon. [Glycinergic Inhibitory Plasticity in Binaural Neurons Is Cumulative and Gated by Developmental Changes in Action Potential Backpropagation]( Bradley D. Winters, Nace L. Golding Winters et al. demonstrate a mechanism for reinforcement of inhibitory inputs that are coactive with excitatory inputs in a brainstem circuit critical for sound localization, and this plasticity is gated developmentally by the progressive decline of action potential backpropagation. [A Circuit for Integration of Head- and Visual-Motion Signals in Layer 6 of Mouse Primary Visual Cortex]( Mateo Vélez-Fort, Edward F. Bracey, Sepiedeh Keshavarzi, Charly V. Rousseau, Lee Cossell, Stephen C. Lenzi, Molly Strom, Troy W. Margrie Open Access V1 layer 6 neurons receive a widespread head-motion signal that is integrated with visual input during visual-motion processing. These V1 head-motion inputs project from the retrosplenial cortex, a multisensory area involved in spatial navigation and contextual processing. [A Hypothalamic Midbrain Pathway Essential for Driving Maternal Behaviors]( Yi-Ya Fang, Takashi Yamaguchi, Soomin C. Song, Nicolas X. Tritsch, Dayu Lin Maternal behavior is mediated by a hardwired neural circuit that remains poorly understood. Fang et al. find that medial preoptic Esr1+ cells (MPOAESR1+) are highly active during maternal behaviors. Activation of MPOAESR1+ projection to ventral tegmental area drives immediate pup retrieval. [A Basal Ganglia Circuit Sufficient to Guide Birdsong Learning]( Lei Xiao, Gaurav Chattree, Francisco Garcia Oscos, Mou Cao, Matthew J. Wanat, Todd F. Roberts The role of basal ganglia (BG) in learning motor behaviors is poorly understood. Using optogenetic manipulation of axon terminals in singing songbirds, Xiao et al. demonstrate that the ventral tegmental area to BG pathway is sufficient to guide song learning. [Inter-areal Balanced Amplification Enhances Signal Propagation in a Large-Scale Circuit Model of the Primate Cortex]( Madhura R. Joglekar, Jorge F. Mejias, Guangyu Robert Yang, Xiao-Jing Wang Joglekar et al. propose a basic circuit motif that allows for stable signal transmission in large-scale cortical-circuit models. The motif contains strong long-range recurrent excitation stabilized by local feedback inhibition, extending the balanced amplification mechanism. [Update Your Profile]([Terms and Conditions]([Privacy Policy]([Unsubscribe from Email Alert]( This email has been sent from Cell Press, a division of Elsevier Inc., 50 Hampshire Street, 5th Floor, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. 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