Neuron: December 20, 2023 (Volume 111, Issue 24)

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[Full field-of-view virtual reality goggles for mice](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(23)00893-0/1/0100018c88538e3b-916db83b-0638-4430-bcd0-8584e60102f1-000000/CWNz28184guyuhYsje_8BXbCbDBCwRsFAXIs4X9IOLM=332) Pinke et al. [Reduced neural encoding of utility prediction errors in cocaine addiction](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(23)00700-6/1/0100018c88538e3b-916db83b-0638-4430-bcd0-8584e60102f1-000000/KwAjwzCW1bjt101HZ5yBGazk1C_5B6MgzaJefIAfAk4=332) Konova et al. [Genome-wide study reveals novel roles for formin-2 in axon regeneration as a microtubule dynamics regulator and therapeutic target for nerve repair](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(23)00885-1/1/0100018c88538e3b-916db83b-0638-4430-bcd0-8584e60102f1-000000/QWbTx6LB08l2OIyiFods3EVQ6KYhdq1wPho1bSgUQbw=332) Au et al. Online now --------------------------------------------------------------- [Lights, fiber, action! A primer on in vivo fiber photometry](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(23)00890-5/1/0100018c88538e3b-916db83b-0638-4430-bcd0-8584e60102f1-000000/dJ2HW2IS8atgw4UFsZJnKzCSKQLr-vxrjXmWY80FG6M=332) Simpson et al. [Egocentric processing of items in spines, dendrites, and somas in the retrosplenial cortex](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(23)00892-9/1/0100018c88538e3b-916db83b-0638-4430-bcd0-8584e60102f1-000000/cF0QWzegyom_m73LO-DZh3rbc62KgNbDChDXPzFjXic=332) Cheng et al. [Layer 6b controls brain state via apical dendrites and the higher-order thalamocortical system](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(23)00895-4/1/0100018c88538e3b-916db83b-0638-4430-bcd0-8584e60102f1-000000/DbC1bHixizq_pNJMXhdoPFNCH3tQz4jnTbKQzg4zUmo=332) Zolnik et al. [Astrocyte growth is driven by the Tre1/S1pr1 phospholipid-binding G protein-coupled receptor](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(23)00882-6/1/0100018c88538e3b-916db83b-0638-4430-bcd0-8584e60102f1-000000/7bd7YZBoTuJdNGK8zllNEqzmTO4hts9jCd4n6DaTnRA=332) Chen et al. Table of Contents Previews --------------------------------------------------------------- [Human-specific translational control of neuronal mitochondria and excitability](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(23)00836-X%3Fdgcid=raven_jbs_etoc_email/1/0100018c88538e3b-916db83b-0638-4430-bcd0-8584e60102f1-000000/hadsv8PZHNcA5WlCVHZ2qdjOlONpRNL4ad_u5p0oFeo=332) Alicia R. Lane, Meghan E. Wynne, Victor Faundez How are human-specific brain bioenergetics and excitability connected? In this Neuron issue, Shen et al.1 reveal a human-specific interaction between RACK1 mRNA and FMRP. Reducing RACK1 mimics FMRP-dependent excitability and mitochondrial phenotypes, which can be reversed with mitochondrial-protective drugs. These findings suggest that FMRP-mediated translation adapts mitochondria to excitability energy demands. [Seeing stars: Astroglia modulate visual circuits during behavioral-state transitions](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(23)00807-3%3Fdgcid=raven_jbs_etoc_email/1/0100018c88538e3b-916db83b-0638-4430-bcd0-8584e60102f1-000000/ncSoNskZnqlkrXzQv4jMTdPlNJge3mUvx7k_hsNnZNM=332) Alex B. Chen, Marc Duque, Florian Engert In this issue of Neuron, Uribe-Arias et al.1 show that, in larval zebrafish, astrocyte-like cells exhibit calcium responses to norepinephrine during behavioral-state transitions and alter neuronal response properties. Thus, astroglia can sculpt neuronal dynamics in behaviorally meaningful ways. NeuroView --------------------------------------------------------------- [Discovering how the amygdala shapes human behavior: From lesion studies to neuromodulation](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(23)00753-5%3Fdgcid=raven_jbs_etoc_email/1/0100018c88538e3b-916db83b-0638-4430-bcd0-8584e60102f1-000000/HDNnLbS5dMFYuqXLQoSu0ysSlIVwOc4NCA-cV6yTChk=332) Cory S. Inman, Martina K. Hollearn, Lensky Augustin, Justin M. Campbell, Kiersten L. Olson, Krista L. Wahlstrom Case studies of patients with amygdala damage or those receiving direct amygdala stimulation have informed our understanding of the amygdala’s role in emotion and cognition. These foundational studies illustrate how the human amygdala influences our present behavior and prioritizes memories of our past in service of future experiences. This broad influence makes the amygdala a novel target for clinical neuromodulation. Review --------------------------------------------------------------- [Characterizing the mechanisms of social connection](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(23)00699-2%3Fdgcid=raven_jbs_etoc_email/1/0100018c88538e3b-916db83b-0638-4430-bcd0-8584e60102f1-000000/KBT54J_ZjD9wK4bZAFt46BlxhdRcFKhTeQCiC-GREGI=332) Mauricio R. Delgado, Dominic S. Fareri, Luke J. Chang Open Access The authors review the psychological and neural mechanisms that foster social connections, highlighting the idea that the rewards derived from positive social interactions facilitate the sharing of perspectives and preferences, which in turn encourages connection with others and promotes well-being. NeuroResources --------------------------------------------------------------- [In vivo photopharmacology with light-activated opioid drugs](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(23)00704-3%3Fdgcid=raven_jbs_etoc_email/1/0100018c88538e3b-916db83b-0638-4430-bcd0-8584e60102f1-000000/waK1ezYzOJ-xjrC6tGdbO8jtdCm9ZKpZBI6qFyV_eiA=332) Shannan P. McClain, Xiang Ma, Desiree A. Johnson, Caroline A. Johnson, Aryanna E. Layden, Jean C. Yung, Susan T. Lubejko, Giulia Livrizzi, X. Jenny He, Jingjing Zhou, Janie Chang-Weinberg, Emilya Ventriglia, Arianna Rizzo, Marjorie Levinstein, Juan L. Gomez, Jordi Bonaventura, Michael Michaelides, Matthew R. Banghart Open Access Light-activated drugs offer exquisite control over the timing and location of drug action in the brain. McClain et al. describe systemically available photoactivatable opioid drugs and their use to study opioid-sensitive circuits in behaving mice. This work establishes an experimental framework for the validation and application of photopharmacological probes in vivo. [Full field-of-view virtual reality goggles for mice](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(23)00893-0%3Fdgcid=raven_jbs_etoc_email/1/0100018c88538e3b-916db83b-0638-4430-bcd0-8584e60102f1-000000/vaLE3UcEGaHoSshJJHUHFpbI4650YfloeYiORcOEYp0=332) Domonkos Pinke, John B. Issa, Gabriel A. Dara, Gergely Dobos, Daniel A. Dombeck Open Access Pinke, Issa, et al. developed a virtual reality goggle system for mice, called iMRSIV, for head-fixed neuroscience experiments that overcomes multiple limitations of previous rodent virtual reality systems. iMRSIV is more compact and provides stereo vision and a full field of view that together increase immersion and speed task engagement. Articles --------------------------------------------------------------- [Deep scRNA sequencing reveals a broadly applicable Regeneration Classifier and implicates antioxidant response in corticospinal axon regeneration](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(23)00707-9%3Fdgcid=raven_jbs_etoc_email/1/0100018c88538e3b-916db83b-0638-4430-bcd0-8584e60102f1-000000/SuUlhmCMpryo4a1P1HKeQnZBYAh-3WbRzsQLzM360_M=332) Hugo J. Kim, Junmi M. Saikia, Katlyn Marie A. Monte, Eunmi Ha, Daniel Romaus-Sanjurjo, Joshua J. Sanchez, Andrea X. Moore, Marc Hernaiz-Llorens, Carmine L. Chavez-Martinez, Chimuanya K. Agba, Haoyue Li, Joseph Zhang, Daniel T. Lusk, Kayla M. Cervantes, Binhai Zheng Open Access Through deep single-cell RNA sequencing of regenerating corticospinal neurons, Kim et al. identify antioxidant response gene NFE2L2 as a new regulator of axon regeneration and develop a Regeneration Classifier that can be broadly applied to predict the regenerative potential of diverse neuronal types based on their single-cell transcriptomes. [Genome-wide study reveals novel roles for formin-2 in axon regeneration as a microtubule dynamics regulator and therapeutic target for nerve repair](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(23)00885-1%3Fdgcid=raven_jbs_etoc_email/1/0100018c88538e3b-916db83b-0638-4430-bcd0-8584e60102f1-000000/JLHnr7_ltsil--9ayR-dD-RVrMlh_4gzySiva1vFRT0=332) Ngan Pan Bennett Au, Tan Wu, Xinyu Chen, Feng Gao, Yuen Tung Yolanda Li, Wing Yip Tam, Kwan Ngok Yu, Daniel H. Geschwind, Giovanni Coppola, Xin Wang, Chi Him Eddie Ma Proximal peripheral nerve injury (PNI) results in poor clinical outcomes. Au et al. reveal that ionizing radiation induces intrinsic growth of injured neurons and Fmn2 downregulation. Fmn2 deletion enhances microtubule dynamics, axon regeneration, and function recovery. Using gene signature of Fmn2 deletion identifies FDA-approved metaxalone recapitulating growth-promoting effects of Fmn2 deletion for PNI. [Species-specific FMRP regulation of RACK1 is critical for prenatal cortical development](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(23)00702-X%3Fdgcid=raven_jbs_etoc_email/1/0100018c88538e3b-916db83b-0638-4430-bcd0-8584e60102f1-000000/WsOQ3euPkR3xhGDhsGvf3xCMrF47oHHoTsTyn7EFixY=332) Minjie Shen, Carissa L. Sirois, Yu Guo, Meng Li, Qiping Dong, Natasha M. Méndez-Albelo, Yu Gao, Saniya Khullar, Lee Kissel, Soraya O. Sandoval, Natalie E. Wolkoff, Sabrina X. Huang, Zhiyan Xu, Jonathan E. Bryan, Amaya M. Contractor, Tomer Korabelnikov, Ian A. Glass, Dan Doherty, Jon E. Levine, André M.M. Sousa, Qiang Chang, Anita Bhattacharyya, Daifeng Wang, Donna M. Werling, Xinyu Zhao Shen et al. demonstrate that FMRP is critical for prenatal human brain development through regulating mitochondrial functions. They have discovered that FMRP interacts with other proteins to regulate genes important for neuronal development. They show that enhancing mitochondrial functions rescues the hyperexcitability of human fragile X syndrome patient-derived neurons. [Serine-129 phosphorylation of α-synuclein is an activity-dependent trigger for physiologic protein-protein interactions and synaptic function](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(23)00894-2%3Fdgcid=raven_jbs_etoc_email/1/0100018c88538e3b-916db83b-0638-4430-bcd0-8584e60102f1-000000/F_AymW-ugk_fcDbbJbbR7MlmfpMbn5kncK1mHGK3nAs=332) Leonardo A. Parra-Rivas, Kayalvizhi Madhivanan, Brent D. Aulston, Lina Wang, Dube Dheeraj Prakashchand, Nicholas P. Boyer, Veronica M. Saia-Cereda, Kristen Branes-Guerrero, Donald P. Pizzo, Pritha Bagchi, V.S. Sundar, Yong Tang, Utpal Das, David A. Scott, Padmini Rangamani, Yuki Ogawa, Subhojit Roy Open Access Phosphorylation of α-synuclein at the serine-129 site is an established pathologic hallmark of Parkinson’s disease and related “synucleinopathies,” but new findings from Parra-Rivas et al. suggest a physiologic role for this post-translational modification in triggering α-synuclein function by facilitating protein-protein interactions at synapses. [Adult-born granule cells facilitate remapping of spatial and non-spatial representations in the dentate gyrus](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(23)00703-1%3Fdgcid=raven_jbs_etoc_email/1/0100018c88538e3b-916db83b-0638-4430-bcd0-8584e60102f1-000000/RRdUdL-T8xwEEev7tf7x2OvzsMWPG1K7Sbt6mbyhjNs=332) Sebnem N. Tuncdemir, Andres D. Grosmark, Hannah Chung, Victor M. Luna, Clay O. Lacefield, Attila Losonczy, Rene Hen Tuncdemir et al. show that young adult-born hippocampal neurons are critical for mice’s ability to discriminate between similar situations. In the absence of these young neurons, contextual representations are dominated by landmarks, a situation that is reminiscent of the overgeneralization often found in anxiety and age-related disorders. [Radial astrocyte synchronization modulates the visual system during behavioral-state transitions](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(23)00709-2%3Fdgcid=raven_jbs_etoc_email/1/0100018c88538e3b-916db83b-0638-4430-bcd0-8584e60102f1-000000/mlV8Iq2XOu7jFhndY7ERdIyP8mXuOJnP8p1HrzwNams=332) Alejandro Uribe-Arias, Rotem Rozenblat, Ehud Vinepinsky, Emiliano Marachlian, Anirudh Kulkarni, David Zada, Martin Privat, Diego Topsakalian, Sarah Charpy, Virginie Candat, Sarah Nourin, Lior Appelbaum, Germán Sumbre Open Access Uribe-Arias et al. show that upon strong sensory stimulation, zebrafish larvae change their behavioral state, characterized by an escape response followed by freezing. This behavioral transition is mediated by the interaction between glia and neurons, allowing the nervous system to modulate itself using long time constants. [Reduced neural encoding of utility prediction errors in cocaine addiction](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(23)00700-6%3Fdgcid=raven_jbs_etoc_email/1/0100018c88538e3b-916db83b-0638-4430-bcd0-8584e60102f1-000000/9_fA8SwxtDS3YM8vss26GupVBQNUg9np3F9TDDBLsd4=332) Anna B. Konova, Ahmet O. Ceceli, Guillermo Horga, Scott J. Moeller, Nelly Alia-Klein, Rita Z. Goldstein Alteration in dopaminergic prediction error signals is central to models of addiction. Using analogous methods to preclinical studies, Konova et al. show these signals are markedly reduced in human cocaine addiction. These reductions were driven by subjective responses inferred from behavioral risk preferences to received reward alongside intact reward expectations. [Direct cortical inputs to hippocampal area CA1 transmit complementary signals for goal-directed navigation](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(23)00701-8%3Fdgcid=raven_jbs_etoc_email/1/0100018c88538e3b-916db83b-0638-4430-bcd0-8584e60102f1-000000/sBozpKXEP0UqdwGd2FAN5m3tNnx1BZdMDKrrMcx7n8s=332) John C. Bowler, Attila Losonczy MEC and LEC are thought to forward distinct information to CA1. Bowler et al. exploit sub-cellular axon imaging in CA1 in mice and find that, although LEC and MEC representations are partially overlapping, they are also distinct. LEC information is affected by navigational goals, whereas MEC provides more context/location-specific information. [Excitation creates a distributed pattern of cortical suppression due to varied recurrent input](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(23)00673-6%3Fdgcid=raven_jbs_etoc_email/1/0100018c88538e3b-916db83b-0638-4430-bcd0-8584e60102f1-000000/QOGdCi3svc_uNB69wbDDH9t6Lb4fT042FvbYBhl5XjI=332) Jonathan F. O’Rawe, Zhishang Zhou, Anna J. Li, Paul K. LaFosse, Hannah C. Goldbach, Mark H. Histed Dense recurrent connections are a universal feature of cortical areas. What function do they play in sensory cortex? Here, by studying mechanisms of suppression in mice, O’Rawe et al. show that recurrent connections change input-output transformations. Neural computations arise from feedforward and feedback influences but also depend critically on local, recurrent connectivity. [Mechanisms underlying reshuffling of visual responses by optogenetic stimulation in mice and monkeys](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(23)00706-7%3Fdgcid=raven_jbs_etoc_email/1/0100018c88538e3b-916db83b-0638-4430-bcd0-8584e60102f1-000000/UViPodHldHK4eEwHR-djJDbLGUcbmQ-PGErQh2MeDmY=332) Alessandro Sanzeni, Agostina Palmigiano, Tuan H. Nguyen, Junxiang Luo, Jonathan J. Nassi, John H. Reynolds, Mark H. Histed, Kenneth D. Miller, Nicolas Brunel Sanzeni et al. find that in both mouse and monkey V1, optogenetic stimulation of excitatory cells strongly changes individual neuronal firing rates but not their distribution: “rate reshuffling.” Network models reproduce reshuffling given sufficiently strong interactions between neurons. The results demonstrate the importance of recurrent interactions in shaping network response. Editorial expression of concern --------------------------------------------------------------- [Activated Protein C Prevents Neuronal Apoptosis via Protease Activated Receptors 1 and 3](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(23)00929-7%3Fdgcid=raven_jbs_etoc_email/1/0100018c88538e3b-916db83b-0638-4430-bcd0-8584e60102f1-000000/2klKKfDNRADhRyEmuyHJ7FV53FKnv0ZyHyk1CZLCNYU=332) Huang Guo, Dong Liu, Harris Gelbard, Tong Cheng, Rae Insalaco, José A. Fernández, John H. Griffin, Berislav V. 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