Neuron: August 2, 2023 (Volume 111, Issue 15)

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[Cell Press collection on neurodegenerative disease](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fcp%2Fcollections-neurodegenerative-disease/1/01000189b6dd6e60-04fddb72-be86-45fa-8cc2-26df8be87124-000000/s4ZDMSnLR8Rr5zlIjvFyPsNLgTcFZzzI4TGYmuxGwGA=312) Read the latest translational research and fundamental mechanisms of neurodegenerative disorders. [Webinar: Single-cell genomics for clinical samples](%2F%2Fwww.workcast.com%2Fregister%3Fcpak=9066443499831518%26referrer=etoc/1/01000189b6dd6e60-04fddb72-be86-45fa-8cc2-26df8be87124-000000/uUwPWYNEkKeVJhaVqMN7ZGOwRgwXQ2iVeGnbkJ5qqNQ=312) August 2, 2023, 11:00 am ET | available live & on demand [Inclusive language in scientific publishing: Sex and gender](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fvideo-do%2Finclusive-language-sex-and-gender/1/01000189b6dd6e60-04fddb72-be86-45fa-8cc2-26df8be87124-000000/2Ew9cIzm1ZJCBdT3e0AQPP5AlvOp22zGTlf0V-_ELLs=312) Watch this recent panel on making the language used to describe sex and gender more inclusive and accurate. Featured articles --------------------------------------------------------------- [CRISPR for neuroscientists](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(23)00306-9/1/01000189b6dd6e60-04fddb72-be86-45fa-8cc2-26df8be87124-000000/Gh8FJunlqjvOMJk5BnyQ90-_nn60PdgfVMiL8qp6PnY=312) Kalamakis et al. [NMDA receptor functions in health and disease: Old actor, new dimensions](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(23)00344-6/1/01000189b6dd6e60-04fddb72-be86-45fa-8cc2-26df8be87124-000000/2wRFkG34q8stL80s-Xuud1vlaQNO_F1sQk3fwh7jXxo=312) Dupuis et al. [An astrocyte BMAL1-BAG3 axis protects against alpha-synuclein and tau pathology](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(23)00379-3/1/01000189b6dd6e60-04fddb72-be86-45fa-8cc2-26df8be87124-000000/MewJs4KgxgCTX62iCKqcJy-aVSgbtiZ35bneweenv8o=312) Sheehan et al. [The parabrachial nucleus elicits a vigorous corticosterone feedback response to the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(23)00382-3/1/01000189b6dd6e60-04fddb72-be86-45fa-8cc2-26df8be87124-000000/Hko3j8THh-cWR58ybTYwE_k-20ORaioMKnE3MRGCkCI=312) Jagot et al. Online now --------------------------------------------------------------- [Play and tickling responses map to the lateral columns of the rat periaqueductal gray](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(23)00477-4/1/01000189b6dd6e60-04fddb72-be86-45fa-8cc2-26df8be87124-000000/c4VZKEvFaRENncd65fjtfN7C8rPLlnTb-FE0VwzNqOs=312) Gloveli et al. [Dopamine release and negative valence gated by inhibitory neurons in the laterodorsal tegmental nucleus](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(23)00480-4/1/01000189b6dd6e60-04fddb72-be86-45fa-8cc2-26df8be87124-000000/0kpzqYXq4qNKMXyIlYjt6S3PcUhl637IlfdL2-JONbs=312) Du et al. [Top-down control of exogenous attentional selection is mediated by beta coherence in prefrontal cortex](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(23)00506-8/1/01000189b6dd6e60-04fddb72-be86-45fa-8cc2-26df8be87124-000000/fFqDoL3wceZ4vx3mxxy5pjsmpmQ3DBSmwtQxrAN4krc=312) Dubey et al. [PLA2G2E-mediated lipid metabolism triggers brain-autonomous neural repair after ischemic stroke](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(23)00483-X/1/01000189b6dd6e60-04fddb72-be86-45fa-8cc2-26df8be87124-000000/Q7cH73DKDN5bWa-zZUFxlB1TY_X6_yFe_p3gaeU1hpg=312) Nakamura et al. Table of Contents Previews --------------------------------------------------------------- [Time and experience are independent determinants of representational drift in CA1](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(23)00508-1%3Fdgcid=raven_jbs_etoc_email/1/01000189b6dd6e60-04fddb72-be86-45fa-8cc2-26df8be87124-000000/ZYswozY00YI7rNhKkLSODQUmYEYDAO6OKL2iB8H7KTg=312) J. Quinn Lee, Mark P. Brandon In this issue of Neuron, Khatib et al.1 and Geva et al.2 present complementary and breakthrough discoveries demonstrating that elapsed time and active experience independently affect unique aspects of representational drift in the hippocampus. [Timing matters: A protective role of astrocyte reactivity in neurodegeneration](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(23)00473-7%3Fdgcid=raven_jbs_etoc_email/1/01000189b6dd6e60-04fddb72-be86-45fa-8cc2-26df8be87124-000000/Gs1aOSa0Pir4iNWX4-ZDDw1a5VawOQUFc-3f6qa4lNw=312) Daniela Rojo, Erin M. Gibson Sheehan and Nadarajah et al. identified that Bmal1 loss from astrocytes induces the expression of BAG3, a macroautophagy chaperone enriched in Alzheimer’s disease patients and in disease-associated astrocytes, enhancing the phagocytosis of misfolded proteins and preventing tau and alpha-synuclein pathologies. Obituary --------------------------------------------------------------- [Jeffrey Watkins (1929–2023)](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(23)00511-1%3Fdgcid=raven_jbs_etoc_email/1/01000189b6dd6e60-04fddb72-be86-45fa-8cc2-26df8be87124-000000/oVdaiq7enZvMzW3n1ZyBWtj-u9m3EDh0Fk0rZqTUeI8=312) Mark L. Mayer, Roger A. Nicoll Primer --------------------------------------------------------------- [CRISPR for neuroscientists](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(23)00306-9%3Fdgcid=raven_jbs_etoc_email/1/01000189b6dd6e60-04fddb72-be86-45fa-8cc2-26df8be87124-000000/X3lnh6ruO9IaPpj7Ye2TUEoaZUWOOmvyYrt882BOnvU=312) Georgios Kalamakis, Randall J. Platt In the primer by Kalamakis and Platt, they describe the development of CRISPR technologies and their applications in the diverse subfields of neuroscience. They also delve into outstanding limitations and emerging opportunities to investigate brain development, wiring, function, and history. Review --------------------------------------------------------------- [NMDA receptor functions in health and disease: Old actor, new dimensions](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(23)00344-6%3Fdgcid=raven_jbs_etoc_email/1/01000189b6dd6e60-04fddb72-be86-45fa-8cc2-26df8be87124-000000/4UBtF3l6wKXDl0ocINmlvaYMgein8MXdq13uNgD6x6Q=312) Julien P. Dupuis, Olivier Nicole, Laurent Groc Dupuis et al. discuss recent advances in our understanding of the glutamatergic NMDA receptor, focusing mainly on the dynamics and nanoscale organization of membrane NMDA receptors and their emerging role in ionotropic and non-ionotropic signaling. NeuroResource --------------------------------------------------------------- [Profiling of purified autophagic vesicle degradome in the maturing and aging brain](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(23)00384-7%3Fdgcid=raven_jbs_etoc_email/1/01000189b6dd6e60-04fddb72-be86-45fa-8cc2-26df8be87124-000000/bGNAPAL4yeoLOtpJ9w4iV68ZOEjMEnP5KnysO6KOSaE=312) Emmanouela Kallergi, Devanarayanan Siva Sankar, Alessandro Matera, Angeliki Kolaxi, Rosa Chiara Paolicelli, Joern Dengjel, Vassiliki Nikoletopoulou Open Access Kallergi et al. provide a comprehensive map of the brain autophagic degradome. They reveal that protein aggregates, mitochondria, and endoplasmic reticulum, as well as synaptic proteins, are actively turned over by macroautophagy under basal conditions. These selective autophagy pathways are differentially regulated in the adolescent, adult, and aged brain. Reports --------------------------------------------------------------- [Active experience, not time, determines within-day representational drift in dorsal CA1](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(23)00387-2%3Fdgcid=raven_jbs_etoc_email/1/01000189b6dd6e60-04fddb72-be86-45fa-8cc2-26df8be87124-000000/Cel3Ku7NHG_AHzNxMkCgrT-5EwX-J7baPVeSIb45gVY=312) Dorgham Khatib, Aviv Ratzon, Mariell Sellevoll, Omri Barak, Genela Morris, Dori Derdikman Khatib et al. find that hippocampal representations of space are continuously updated, inducing drift. This drift is related to the subject’s active experience within a context rather than the passage of time. This suggests that the hippocampus is engaged in the continuous reconsolidation of active memories. [Time and experience differentially affect distinct aspects of hippocampal representational drift](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(23)00378-1%3Fdgcid=raven_jbs_etoc_email/1/01000189b6dd6e60-04fddb72-be86-45fa-8cc2-26df8be87124-000000/C1O8vwHEWpS6H62QkISqBJCUkj6VTllnIOx9pQ2ghNI=312) Nitzan Geva, Daniel Deitch, Alon Rubin, Yaniv Ziv Geva et al. find a double dissociation between the effects of time and experience on distinct aspects of hippocampal representational drift (i.e., the gradual change in neuronal representations of familiar environments): the passage of time drives changes in neuronal activity rates, whereas experience drives changes in the cells’ spatial tuning. Articles --------------------------------------------------------------- [The parabrachial nucleus elicits a vigorous corticosterone feedback response to the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(23)00382-3%3Fdgcid=raven_jbs_etoc_email/1/01000189b6dd6e60-04fddb72-be86-45fa-8cc2-26df8be87124-000000/wjaM6Nrs7XtEV93eLVaZ6uvmwb60CfTfPIq2mzD1Oag=312) Ferdinand Jagot, Romane Gaston-Breton, Ana Jeemin Choi, Maud Pascal, Lena Bourhy, Romane Dorado-Doncel, Karl-Klaus Conzelmann, Pierre-Marie Lledo, Gabriel Lepousez, Gérard Eberl Jagot et al. identify a brainstem-to-hypothalamus neuronal circuit in mice by which the cytokine IL-1β induces the corticosterone response and mediates immunosuppression. [An astrocyte BMAL1-BAG3 axis protects against alpha-synuclein and tau pathology](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(23)00379-3%3Fdgcid=raven_jbs_etoc_email/1/01000189b6dd6e60-04fddb72-be86-45fa-8cc2-26df8be87124-000000/6KzpuIKWheFZjntmD1ZsYMQN1avCL9sQV4I7Gadz4a0=312) Patrick W. Sheehan, Collin J. Nadarajah, Michael F. Kanan, Jessica N. Patterson, Brenna Novotny, Jennifer H. Lawrence, Melvin W. King, Logan Brase, Casey E. Inman, Carla M. Yuede, Jiyeon Lee, Tirth K. Patel, Oscar Harari, Bruno A. Benitez, Albert A. Davis, Erik S. Musiek Sheehan, Nadarajah et al. show that deletion of the circadian clock gene Bmal1 in astrocytes protects against tau and alpha-synuclein pathology by triggering a unique astrocyte activation profile marked by increased BAG3 expression. Astrocyte BAG3 expression was itself protective and upregulated in disease-associated astrocytes in human Alzheimer's disease. [Differential behavior-related activity of distinct hippocampal interneuron types during odor-associated spatial navigation](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(23)00380-X%3Fdgcid=raven_jbs_etoc_email/1/01000189b6dd6e60-04fddb72-be86-45fa-8cc2-26df8be87124-000000/Al8BEaz-PdNnxFZwwIZ7OJSfAcjnphf5_kXKnEN06K8=312) Thomas Forro, Thomas Klausberger Open Access How the diversity of different interneuron types in the hippocampus relates to their cognitive roles is not well understood. Forro et al. report distinct activities of identified parvalbumin+ basket, parvalbumin+ bistratified, and cholecystokinin+ interneurons in mice during different phases of a spatial association task in a virtual environment. [Representation and control of pain and itch by distinct prefrontal neural ensembles](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(23)00342-2%3Fdgcid=raven_jbs_etoc_email/1/01000189b6dd6e60-04fddb72-be86-45fa-8cc2-26df8be87124-000000/Gn1rj2x6KoyZ02hzZjMIA5Tqhuwkx8csW46TwBNw8VA=312) Qian Pan, Su-Shan Guo, Ming Chen, Xin-Yu Su, Zi-Long Gao, Qi Wang, Tian-Le Xu, Ming-Gang Liu, Ji Hu Pan et al. uncovered separate representation and control of pain and itch by distinct prefrontal neural ensembles in mice, which differentially modulate pain- or itch-related behaviors through their divergent projection circuits. [Mouse frontal cortex mediates additive multisensory decisions](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(23)00381-1%3Fdgcid=raven_jbs_etoc_email/1/01000189b6dd6e60-04fddb72-be86-45fa-8cc2-26df8be87124-000000/3s_I2vlmWeXKXalUs6aMrYVMe5mYqVsD6Fl4KaAB3FE=312) Philip Coen, Timothy P.H. Sit, Miles J. Wells, Matteo Carandini, Kenneth D. Harris Open Access Coen, Sit, et al. train mice in an audiovisual task and show that they combine evidence across modalities additively, even when it is conflicting. This combination relies on activity in frontal area MOs. After learning, this activity represents auditory and visual stimuli additively and can be used to reproduce behavior. [Rate versus synchrony codes for cerebellar control of motor behavior](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(23)00509-3%3Fdgcid=raven_jbs_etoc_email/1/01000189b6dd6e60-04fddb72-be86-45fa-8cc2-26df8be87124-000000/K6ylhbQyVSvjzRVmqfsxu4KePfRMMXcZ4Y1AL3I5Hgo=312) David J. Herzfeld, Mati Joshua, Stephen G. Lisberger Simultaneous recordings from pairs of Purkinje cells in the floccular complex during smooth pursuit eye movements reveal that information transmission out of the cerebellar cortex relies almost exclusively on changes in firing rates rather than millisecond-scale coordination of spike timing across the Purkinje cell population. 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