Neuron: May 3, 2023 (Volume 111, Issue 9)

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[Molecular and cellular mechanisms of the first social relationship: A conserved role of 5-HT from mice to monkeys, upstream of oxytocin](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(23)00114-9/1/01000187e2309ef3-18f2e72a-a22d-44af-bbad-a24574b11097-000000/WE7KeNsrf6USe2IAZu-PEbkki6673qeAq1IVw3fYvzQ=299) Liu et al. [Transcriptional control of nucleus accumbens neuronal excitability by retinoid X receptor alpha tunes sensitivity to drug rewards](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(23)00117-4/1/01000187e2309ef3-18f2e72a-a22d-44af-bbad-a24574b11097-000000/R4gMvJAKDV4eO_J8t5PCJ57RKAZ-rit4Pgd-ZuvHHfs=299) Godino et al. [Communication dynamics in the human connectome shape the cortex-wide propagation of direct electrical stimulation](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(23)00077-6/1/01000187e2309ef3-18f2e72a-a22d-44af-bbad-a24574b11097-000000/uUfQW9HWp67ySLRPypQHlHLkeOiC5nNPYn5k1Z8lgAg=299) Seguin et al. Online now --------------------------------------------------------------- [Mice identify subgoal locations through an action-driven mapping process](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(23)00230-1/1/01000187e2309ef3-18f2e72a-a22d-44af-bbad-a24574b11097-000000/WnJignSJjwQ1ycwC4iEkujhrdICWdakOFzAWTiODqms=299) Shamash et al. [Vowel and formant representation in the human auditory speech cortex](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(23)00266-0/1/01000187e2309ef3-18f2e72a-a22d-44af-bbad-a24574b11097-000000/GjAngTEsr_t0xpgP-v-_3i6hEypUFzV4lHyupVEylyk=299) Oganian et al. [Microglial-to-neuronal CCR5 signaling regulates autophagy in neurodegeneration](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(23)00268-4/1/01000187e2309ef3-18f2e72a-a22d-44af-bbad-a24574b11097-000000/2NJNvIqyVBv4WuPBd3idwUQuTmp0HtCPxjzrvWJZ2tg=299) Festa et al. [Integrating model development across computational neuroscience, cognitive science, and machine learning](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(23)00261-1/1/01000187e2309ef3-18f2e72a-a22d-44af-bbad-a24574b11097-000000/EgHCZUW7anRcG2EoJo2KonLfLEYtwykDmT72A7O_eb8=299) Gleeson et al. Table of Contents Previews --------------------------------------------------------------- [An Hspa8 variant is a shocking modifier of spinal muscular atrophy in mice](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(23)00221-0%3Fdgcid=raven_jbs_etoc_email/1/01000187e2309ef3-18f2e72a-a22d-44af-bbad-a24574b11097-000000/543P85Z2IgLLLc_I5aiTNfQ3MMceHKjUXy919iv23-I=299) Anton James Blatnik III, Arthur Harry Macleod Burghes In this issue of Neuron, Kim et al.1 show that an Hspa8 variant modifies disease phenotypes in a mouse model of spinal muscular atrophy. Hspa8 facilitates the correct folding of proteins, enhances SNARE assembly, and influences SMN2 splicing. [Addiction neuroscience goes nuclear: A role for the transcription factor RXRα](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(23)00264-7%3Fdgcid=raven_jbs_etoc_email/1/01000187e2309ef3-18f2e72a-a22d-44af-bbad-a24574b11097-000000/TgjY6nmh2HyouT6nRARRQpwrIqWzEvVz8Juf20qELTw=299) R. Christopher Pierce, Matthew T. Rich, Sarah E. Swinford-Jackson Building on work defining the cocaine-modulated transcriptional landscape in mice, Godino and colleagues focus in this issue of Neuron 1 on the role of a specific nuclear receptor, RXRα. Results demonstrate that modifying accumbens RXRα expression profoundly alters gene transcription, neuronal activity, and cocaine-induced behavioral responses. [Valence processing in pons](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(23)00281-7%3Fdgcid=raven_jbs_etoc_email/1/01000187e2309ef3-18f2e72a-a22d-44af-bbad-a24574b11097-000000/dWeFL-pjSCtrc81DG2wz1QU_33PpnrV5ToJ3VPtiOZY=299) Xiaoke Chen In this issue of Neuron, Xiao et al. reported that inhibitory and excitatory neurons in the pontine central gray encode and transmit opposite valences of sensory stimuli through parallel circuits to a distributed brain network. Review --------------------------------------------------------------- [Lost in local translation: TDP-43 and FUS in axonal/neuromuscular junction maintenance and dysregulation in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(23)00132-0%3Fdgcid=raven_jbs_etoc_email/1/01000187e2309ef3-18f2e72a-a22d-44af-bbad-a24574b11097-000000/1l5MBEVhdK0aBsaD7kLXBntzR-PmusbvYs1c3APsyec=299) Diana Piol, Tessa Robberechts, Sandrine Da Cruz Piol et al. review key breakthroughs made on the role of local translation in the maintenance of axons and neuromuscular junctions and their demise in TDP-43- and FUS-mediated ALS, further discussing spatial omics as promising technologies to study the underlying mechanisms. Reports --------------------------------------------------------------- [Downregulation of Hsp90 and the antimicrobial peptide Mtk suppresses poly(GR)-induced neurotoxicity in C9ORF72-ALS/FTD](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(23)00133-2%3Fdgcid=raven_jbs_etoc_email/1/01000187e2309ef3-18f2e72a-a22d-44af-bbad-a24574b11097-000000/CLhQx3ipEPNHA_s0F2kmoRKMlYa_x4kq2_c1WZlV6D0=299) Soojin Lee, Yong-Woo Jun, Gabriel R. Linares, Brandon Butler, Yeliz Yuva-Adyemir, Jill Moore, Gopinath Krishnan, Bryan Ruiz-Juarez, Manuel Santana, Marine Pons, Neal Silverman, Zhiping Weng, Justin K. Ichida, Fen-Biao Gao Open Access Using fruit flies and neurons derived from stem cells of patients with ALS/FTD as their experimental systems, Lee et al. found that the knockdown of three proteins that likely function in a related pathway partially suppresses the neurotoxicity of poly(GR), a pathological protein in ALS/FTD. [Communication dynamics in the human connectome shape the cortex-wide propagation of direct electrical stimulation](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(23)00077-6%3Fdgcid=raven_jbs_etoc_email/1/01000187e2309ef3-18f2e72a-a22d-44af-bbad-a24574b11097-000000/_DAWsSKW5-dGXNUWQ5FhTcgd9NVVrWjwi9HvdhqchAk=299) Caio Seguin, Maciej Jedynak, Olivier David, Sina Mansour, Olaf Sporns, Andrew Zalesky Seguin et al. use a large dataset of direct electrical stimulation to empirically study the propagation of electrical pulses across the entire human brain at high-spatiotemporal resolution. The authors show that models of network communication computed on the human connectome, inferred non-invasively from MRI, can explain causal, millisecond-resolution and cortex-wide neural signal transmission. Articles --------------------------------------------------------------- [EndophilinA-dependent coupling between activity-induced calcium influx and synaptic autophagy is disrupted by a Parkinson-risk mutation](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(23)00079-X%3Fdgcid=raven_jbs_etoc_email/1/01000187e2309ef3-18f2e72a-a22d-44af-bbad-a24574b11097-000000/27_CFO_NcA8YFb2rnsYMucEUbWmliR2Y-PD7RW_MNQk=299) Adekunle T. Bademosi, Marianna Decet, Sabine Kuenen, Carles Calatayud, Jef Swerts, Sandra F. Gallego, Nils Schoovaerts, Spyridoula Karamanou, Nikolaos Louros, Ella Martin, Jean-Baptiste Sibarita, Katlijn Vints, Natalia V. Gounko, Frédéric A. Meunier, Anastassios Economou, Wim Versées, Frederic Rousseau, Joost Schymkowitz, Sandra-F. Soukup, Patrik Verstreken Open Access Bademosi, Decet, and Kuenen et al. show that synaptic autophagy is triggered by calcium influx during neuronal activity. This is mediated by rigidity changes in EndoA structure driving protein mobility and protein re-localization. A Parkinson disease-linked variant in EndoA1 impinges on this process and blocks autophagy in flies and human neurons. [A spinal muscular atrophy modifier implicates the SMN protein in SNARE complex assembly at neuromuscular synapses](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(23)00082-X%3Fdgcid=raven_jbs_etoc_email/1/01000187e2309ef3-18f2e72a-a22d-44af-bbad-a24574b11097-000000/StFJttHHW7AAg8nm7m7dBYJS_8ww3aaT4Ps8TgpDV6E=299) Jeong-Ki Kim, Narendra N. Jha, Tomoyuki Awano, Charlotte Caine, Kishore Gollapalli, Emily Welby, Seung-Soo Kim, Andrea Fuentes-Moliz, Xueyong Wang, Zhihua Feng, Fusako Sera, Taishi Takeda, Shunichi Homma, Chien-Ping Ko, Lucia Tabares, Allison D. Ebert, Mark M. Rich, Umrao R. Monani Why does paucity of the housekeeping SMN protein trigger selective motor neuron degeneration? Kim et al. probe this by identifying a genetic suppressor of neurodegeneration in spinal muscular atrophy model mice. The suppressor, a synaptic chaperone, reveals a role for SMN in assembling synaptic SNARE complexes specifically at neuromuscular junctions. [Hidden behavioral fingerprints in epilepsy](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(23)00081-8%3Fdgcid=raven_jbs_etoc_email/1/01000187e2309ef3-18f2e72a-a22d-44af-bbad-a24574b11097-000000/QREzPTpRYax4Gzjr8bTqpzjhN1o8LhUxE2O2ZP5hM0o=299) Tilo Gschwind, Ayman Zeine, Ivan Raikov, Jeffrey E. Markowitz, Winthrop F. Gillis, Sylwia Felong, Lori L. Isom, Sandeep Robert Datta, Ivan Soltesz Open Access Gschwind et al. show that machine learning-assisted behavioral analysis allows an unbiased assessment of epilepsy in animal models. The automated identification of behavioral phenotypes, including anti-epileptic drug responses, during the readily available inter-ictal periods bears great potential to accelerate rigorous, reproducible preclinical research into epilepsies. [Transcriptional control of nucleus accumbens neuronal excitability by retinoid X receptor alpha tunes sensitivity to drug rewards](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(23)00117-4%3Fdgcid=raven_jbs_etoc_email/1/01000187e2309ef3-18f2e72a-a22d-44af-bbad-a24574b11097-000000/RGgYYd92P5ofV5q4z7cf59URCySVn0lCVVu3NH4wBlY=299) Arthur Godino, Marine Salery, Romain Durand-de Cuttoli, Molly S. Estill, Leanne M. Holt, Rita Futamura, Caleb J. Browne, Philipp Mews, Peter J. Hamilton, Rachael L. Neve, Li Shen, Scott J. Russo, Eric J. Nestler The transcriptional substrates of vulnerability to addiction are diverse and complex. Godino et al. use cell-type-specific transcriptomics, electrophysiology, and behavior to single out RXRα, a putatively druggable transcription factor that governs larger gene networks to calibrate the physiology of NAc neurons and, in turn, individual sensitivity to drugs of abuse. [Molecular and cellular mechanisms of the first social relationship: A conserved role of 5-HT from mice to monkeys, upstream of oxytocin](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(23)00114-9%3Fdgcid=raven_jbs_etoc_email/1/01000187e2309ef3-18f2e72a-a22d-44af-bbad-a24574b11097-000000/K2VPp6sHWKn0klqR3UimNM8Ulb4kwqBBsncVh69p728=299) Yan Liu, Liang Shan, Tiane Liu, Juan Li, Yongchang Chen, Changhong Sun, Chaojuan Yang, Xiling Bian, Yuyu Niu, Chen Zhang, Jianzhong Xi, Yi Rao Maternal affiliation by infants is the first social behavior. Liu et al. have discovered a role for serotonin in this behavior conserved from mice and rats to monkeys. Serotonergic neurons from the raphe nucleus innervates oxytocinergic neurons in the paraventricular nucleus with serotonin acting upstream of oxytocin in maternal affiliation. [Glutamatergic and GABAergic neurons in pontine central gray mediate opposing valence-specific behaviors through a global network](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(23)00116-2%3Fdgcid=raven_jbs_etoc_email/1/01000187e2309ef3-18f2e72a-a22d-44af-bbad-a24574b11097-000000/vBNaxfiIaXm-ESF5QSe6Tvjhy6_drTHX9qZ790xox7k=299) Cuiyu Xiao, Jinxing Wei, Guang-wei Zhang, Can Tao, Junxiang J. Huang, Li Shen, Ian R. Wickersham, Huizhong W. Tao, Li I. Zhang Xiao et al. find that pontine central gray (PCG) contributes to encoding positive and negative valences through the activity of its GABAergic and glutamatergic neurons, respectively, which mediate sensory-induced reward- and aversion-related behaviors. Thus, PCG may serve as a critical hub for the bottom-up processing of sensory valence preceding the limbic system. [Neural knowledge assembly in humans and neural networks](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(23)00118-6%3Fdgcid=raven_jbs_etoc_email/1/01000187e2309ef3-18f2e72a-a22d-44af-bbad-a24574b11097-000000/AUQyVrQtB64SYju0KFYm3v02Cu-ZOwoUsuH6ywucfmU=299) Stephanie Nelli, Lukas Braun, Tsvetomira Dumbalska, Andrew Saxe, Christopher Summerfield Open Access Our work addresses a perplexing question: how is human understanding of the world dramatically changed by a single new piece of information? Interestingly, by dialing up and down a “certainty” parameter in a neural network model, we can capture the range of successes and failures shown in human participants. Correction --------------------------------------------------------------- [Dually innervated dendritic spines develop in the absence of excitatory activity and resist plasticity through tonic inhibitory crosstalk](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(23)00265-9%3Fdgcid=raven_jbs_etoc_email/1/01000187e2309ef3-18f2e72a-a22d-44af-bbad-a24574b11097-000000/l8hLdlMPDjwcZccu7jb_N0DBkFAffOVCG_wB8ZDhn2c=299) Mason S. Kleinjan, William C. Buchta, Roberto Ogelman, In-Wook Hwang, Masaaki Kuwajima, Dusten D. Hubbard, Dean J. Kareemo, Olga Prikhodko, Samantha L. Olah, Luis E. Gomez Wulschner, Wickliffe C. Abraham, Santos J. Franco, Kristen M. Harris, Won Chan Oh, Matthew J. 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