Neuron: January 18, 2023 (Volume 111, Issue 2)

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Featured articles --------------------------------------------------------------- [Rethinking retrosplenial cortex: Perspectives and predictions](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(22)01027-3/1/01000185c5b09c7d-cce36f52-2fbc-419d-9884-fe54e18aec36-000000/b4JKdAUlNRQLBCksOXsy48LVYHI_XL703tnjGwyFmg8=284) Alexander et al. [A flexible two-photon fiberscope for fast activity imaging and precise optogenetic photostimulation of neurons in freely moving mice](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(22)00963-1/1/01000185c5b09c7d-cce36f52-2fbc-419d-9884-fe54e18aec36-000000/1YuxBLvOqvG8yS21JPZ92n9Y8UyRzrf0Y_AKXyK_F6M=284) Accanto et al. [The miR-124-AMPAR pathway connects polygenic risks with behavioral changes shared between schizophrenia and bipolar disorder](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(22)00964-3/1/01000185c5b09c7d-cce36f52-2fbc-419d-9884-fe54e18aec36-000000/40vz5OUhMfz4MFkbyqYbHylBzMu19vX3L4KfsyFue2Y=284) Namkung et al. [Driving axon regeneration by orchestrating neuronal and non-neuronal innate immune responses via the IFNγ-cGAS-STING axis](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(22)00961-8/1/01000185c5b09c7d-cce36f52-2fbc-419d-9884-fe54e18aec36-000000/8ln7Q2CNrfe8OO7QbGW-aeGaNsqUMWuLn2eeRsnNIIg=284) Wang et al. Online now --------------------------------------------------------------- [Parametric control of flexible timing through low-dimensional neural manifolds](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(22)01089-3/1/01000185c5b09c7d-cce36f52-2fbc-419d-9884-fe54e18aec36-000000/lQukFS6koT6RqMXIijp6F-ztfUDZH9t47TwLSPiab1I=284) Beiran et al. [Humidity sensors that alert mosquitoes to nearby hosts and egg-laying sites](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(22)01122-9/1/01000185c5b09c7d-cce36f52-2fbc-419d-9884-fe54e18aec36-000000/Z0K1BGeGG8CJrTRDhRQJlxl7FMzkvz8T3HUtEACDWs4=284) Laursen et al. [Machine learning dissection of human accelerated regions in primate neurodevelopment](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(22)01123-0/1/01000185c5b09c7d-cce36f52-2fbc-419d-9884-fe54e18aec36-000000/NZ-6vf7FwIJFxjnNSDXX2FPzsP85SbwnW4b6TIXQrMo=284) Whalen et al. [Replay and compositional computation](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(22)01125-4/1/01000185c5b09c7d-cce36f52-2fbc-419d-9884-fe54e18aec36-000000/mDKIr8737-RTLDuHESJ0SK35078srxytlNRYyQnpzt8=284) Kurth-Nelson et al. Table of Contents Previews --------------------------------------------------------------- [End of the road: Astrocyte endfeet regulate OPC migration and myelination](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(22)01120-5%3Fdgcid=raven_jbs_etoc_email/1/01000185c5b09c7d-cce36f52-2fbc-419d-9884-fe54e18aec36-000000/VFcL35-5lmhqMx7BDZlnl86qszgiqn2tSaB0IaIvVuU=284) Greg J. Duncan, Ben Emery Oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) use the vasculature as a scaffold for their migration. In this issue of Neuron, Su et al. determine that astrocytic ensheathment of the vasculature mediates OPC detachment from blood vessels via the secretion of semaphorins, regulating the timing of oligodendrocyte differentiation. [ApoE4 makes microglia trem2bling](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(22)01153-9%3Fdgcid=raven_jbs_etoc_email/1/01000185c5b09c7d-cce36f52-2fbc-419d-9884-fe54e18aec36-000000/QjO7PSUaERKto8dbP4iFiOBmqRHfkUi-VdwBmO6-mW4=284) Michael T. Heneka The ApoE-Trem2 pathway links two of the most important genetic risk variants for sporadic Alzheimer’s disease. In this issue of Neuron, Gratuze and colleagues1 report that Trem2 deficiency further aggravates neurodegeneration in tau mutant mice expressing human ApoE4. Together with previous work, this study points to a complex interaction and highlights the need for studying molecular interactions on all human ApoE variants. [miR-124-3p mediates polygenic risk shared between schizophrenia and bipolar disorder](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(22)01121-7%3Fdgcid=raven_jbs_etoc_email/1/01000185c5b09c7d-cce36f52-2fbc-419d-9884-fe54e18aec36-000000/2SOO5_wsDXHzUOH8Pq-dI2EUxA-lpXN7CZ8_9kpp02c=284) Dariusz Å»urawek, Gustavo Turecki In this issue of Neuron, Namkung et al. demonstrate that the microRNA miR-124-3p is associated with polygenic risk scores shared between schizophrenia and bipolar disorder and confers risk to behavioral alterations common to these two disorders through modulation of AMPA receptor neurotransmission. [aGABRacadabra: A surprising new role for GABAA receptors in cortical development](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(22)01114-X%3Fdgcid=raven_jbs_etoc_email/1/01000185c5b09c7d-cce36f52-2fbc-419d-9884-fe54e18aec36-000000/iI00tmpNz48yNzdE59_cII6DkZlQToGgh4ozmcBUwUQ=284) Nazim Kourdougli, Carlos Portera-Cailliau In this issue of Neuron, Babij, Ferrer, and colleagues provide new evidence that β3 subunit of GABAA receptors is critical for the maturation of functional networks in the neonatal somatosensory cortex. Review --------------------------------------------------------------- [Rethinking retrosplenial cortex: Perspectives and predictions](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(22)01027-3%3Fdgcid=raven_jbs_etoc_email/1/01000185c5b09c7d-cce36f52-2fbc-419d-9884-fe54e18aec36-000000/cF10jOd_oZelMeQjSY4VU7gqGI9QUJ9KzNk6-trWCOw=284) Andrew S. Alexander, Ryan Place, Michael J. Starrett, Elizabeth R. Chrastil, Douglas A. Nitz What is the retrosplenial cortex and what does it do? Alexander et al. discuss theories inspired by these questions and highlight their limitations. They propose that retrosplenial activity serves to relate spatial perspectives and to generate predictions about environmental interactions. NeuroResource --------------------------------------------------------------- [A flexible two-photon fiberscope for fast activity imaging and precise optogenetic photostimulation of neurons in freely moving mice](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(22)00963-1%3Fdgcid=raven_jbs_etoc_email/1/01000185c5b09c7d-cce36f52-2fbc-419d-9884-fe54e18aec36-000000/yqtxwTf0ktHuab7EpChMrknoL2PvASFQ7ZhxfXZ5mXU=284) Nicolò Accanto, François G.C. Blot, Antonio Lorca-Cámara, Valeria Zampini, Florence Bui, Christophe Tourain, Noam Badt, Ori Katz, Valentina Emiliani Accanto et al. developed a two-photon fiberscope (2P-FENDO) for the selective and reliable optogenetic photostimulation of neurons and high-speed calcium imaging in freely moving mice. 2P-FENDO enables stable recordings over hours without obstructing animal movement, thus representing a key technology to precisely investigate neuronal circuits and understand how they influence behavior. Report --------------------------------------------------------------- [Astrocyte endfoot formation controls the termination of oligodendrocyte precursor cell perivascular migration during development](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(22)00991-6%3Fdgcid=raven_jbs_etoc_email/1/01000185c5b09c7d-cce36f52-2fbc-419d-9884-fe54e18aec36-000000/ttz8xSDKNgTFcdxtW-FuHI_s2xmRDfBniZcCafhC2vQ=284) Yixun Su, Xiaorui Wang, Yujian Yang, Liang Chen, Wenlong Xia, Kimberly K. Hoi, Hui Li, Qi Wang, Guangdan Yu, Xiaoying Chen, Shouyu Wang, Yuxin Wang, Lan Xiao, Alexei Verkhratsky, Stephen P.J. Fancy, Chenju Yi, Jianqin Niu Open Access Su et al. find that the developmental placement of astrocyte endfeet on vessels controls the termination of widespread OPC perivascular migration. Astrocytes produce semaphorins 3a and 6a, which repel OPCs from the vasculature and permit their subsequent differentiation by releasing them from a maturation inhibitory endothelial niche. Articles --------------------------------------------------------------- [TREM2-independent microgliosis promotes tau-mediated neurodegeneration in the presence of ApoE4](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(22)00955-2%3Fdgcid=raven_jbs_etoc_email/1/01000185c5b09c7d-cce36f52-2fbc-419d-9884-fe54e18aec36-000000/CmbWUX8RCU6ZR-YFWb8RKBWe_5YrInGUKWPwW77pHHI=284) Maud Gratuze, Johannes C.M. Schlachetzki, Ricardo D’Oliveira Albanus, Nimansha Jain, Brenna Novotny, Logan Brase, Lea Rodriguez, Clayton Mansel, Michal Kipnis, Sydney O’Brien, Martina P. Pasillas, Choonghee Lee, Melissa Manis, Marco Colonna, Oscar Harari, Christopher K. Glass, Jason D. Ulrich, David M. Holtzman Gratuze et al. demonstrate that TREM2 deletion does not protect against tau pathology and tau-mediated neurodegeneration in the presence of ApoE4. Despite decreasing TREM2-dependent microgliosis, a TREM2-independent microgliosis persists in the presence of ApoE4 and tau pathology that exhibits high microglial lysosomal burden and lipid accumulation. [The miR-124-AMPAR pathway connects polygenic risks with behavioral changes shared between schizophrenia and bipolar disorder](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(22)00964-3%3Fdgcid=raven_jbs_etoc_email/1/01000185c5b09c7d-cce36f52-2fbc-419d-9884-fe54e18aec36-000000/OqDSYua8XFyEWX2UOOcfv1qofC-j9W7CeSEe9unSvlM=284) Ho Namkung, Hiroshi Yukitake, Daisuke Fukudome, Brian J. Lee, Mengnan Tian, Gianluca Ursini, Atsushi Saito, Shravika Lam, Suvarnambiga Kannan, Rupali Srivastava, Minae Niwa, Kamal Sharma, Peter Zandi, Hanna Jaaro-Peled, Koko Ishizuka, Nilanjan Chatterjee, Richard L. Huganir, Akira Sawa Schizophrenia and bipolar disorder share genetic risks as well as clinical manifestations. Nevertheless, it remains unknown whether, and how, common neurobiological pathways translate their shared polygenic risks into shared clinical manifestations. We present the miR-124-AMPAR pathway as a key neurobiological pathway that connects their shared polygenic risks with behavioral changes. [Driving axon regeneration by orchestrating neuronal and non-neuronal innate immune responses via the IFNγ-cGAS-STING axis](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(22)00961-8%3Fdgcid=raven_jbs_etoc_email/1/01000185c5b09c7d-cce36f52-2fbc-419d-9884-fe54e18aec36-000000/kXrCnnLbFgLLdPMKNGc46yOj8gHM1WM6mgpkZvbzsac=284) Xu Wang, Chao Yang, Xuejie Wang, Jinmin Miao, Weitao Chen, Yiren Zhou, Ying Xu, Yongyan An, Aifang Cheng, Wenkang Ye, Mengxian Chen, Dong Song, Xue Yuan, Jiguang Wang, Peiyuan Qian, Angela Ruohao Wu, Zhong-Yin Zhang, Kai Liu Open Access The neural innate immune responses for axon regeneration is not well understood. Wang and Yang et al. demonstrate that activating the immune signaling IFNγ-cGAS-STING axis promotes axon regeneration in both the PNS and the CNS, uncovering a role for the antiviral machinery in neural repair. [Gabrb3 is required for the functional integration of pyramidal neuron subtypes in the somatosensory cortex](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(22)00997-7%3Fdgcid=raven_jbs_etoc_email/1/01000185c5b09c7d-cce36f52-2fbc-419d-9884-fe54e18aec36-000000/QepODnf6plaSfVOxBtLXRKbpocX1oHQ4YPMugCq4RXo=284) Rachel Babij, Camilo Ferrer, Alexander Donatelle, Sam Wacks, Amanda M. Buch, James E. Niemeyer, Hongtao Ma, Zhe Ran S. Duan, Robert N. Fetcho, Alicia Che, Takumi Otsuka, Theodore H. Schwartz, Ben S. Huang, Conor Liston, Natalia V. De Marco García Babij, Ferrer, et al. use mouse genetics and in vivo imaging to show that Gabrb3 is required for the developmental decorrelation of cortical networks. Gabrb3 removal leads to enhanced contralateral connectivity and hypersensitivity to tactile stimuli. In addition, GABRB3 expression is spatially correlated with atypical connectivity in ASD human subjects. [Influence of claustrum on cortex varies by area, layer, and cell type](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(22)00959-X%3Fdgcid=raven_jbs_etoc_email/1/01000185c5b09c7d-cce36f52-2fbc-419d-9884-fe54e18aec36-000000/s1WpaYRC2ddfz09IuQsTmvMpuhQ-innol6N94dW5EIU=284) Ethan G. McBride, Saurabh R. Gandhi, Jacqulyn R. Kuyat, Douglas R. Ollerenshaw, Anton Arkhipov, Christof Koch, Shawn R. Olsen The claustrum densely projects to most cortical areas, but the function of these projections has not been investigated beyond the prefrontal cortex. McBride et al. find that the effect of claustro-cortical projections depends on the brain area, layer, and cell type, as well as the claustrum stimulation parameters. 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