Neuron: October 5, 2022 (Volume 110, Issue 19)

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Featured articles --------------------------------------------------------------- [Multistability, perceptual value, and internal foraging](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(22)00669-9/1/01000183a8dd29a2-c7a5f97d-434b-49bf-94ae-5232992f5d67-000000/5cpy1CuEJenIGtB9WIjuZAqdFWlFFfYM6hVSiqUR9YM=269) Safavi et al. [Not so spontaneous: Multi-dimensional representations of behaviors and context in sensory areas](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(22)00588-8/1/01000183a8dd29a2-c7a5f97d-434b-49bf-94ae-5232992f5d67-000000/E5i8gKLYVh-k_ZPj2O3rgcR4v26y5OAcCcjXfA9yUL8=269) Avitan et al. [Neuroinflammatory disease disrupts the blood-CNS barrier via crosstalk between proinflammatory and endothelial-to-mesenchymal-transition signaling](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(22)00660-2/1/01000183a8dd29a2-c7a5f97d-434b-49bf-94ae-5232992f5d67-000000/zuMEj0zZFNjkY5FGMyHxQdhhQbzohL4BZpiyOdJxOeM=269) Sun et al. [Signaling snapshots of a serotonin receptor activated by the prototypical psychedelic LSD](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(22)00752-8/1/01000183a8dd29a2-c7a5f97d-434b-49bf-94ae-5232992f5d67-000000/kEq1N9QzJex267WcS2DNoqNRE8xgfj3mrZi1vmpPk80=269) Cao et al. Online now --------------------------------------------------------------- [A brain atlas of synapse protein lifetime across the mouse lifespan](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(22)00814-5/1/01000183a8dd29a2-c7a5f97d-434b-49bf-94ae-5232992f5d67-000000/hmtOQZItZLGpw4MFhgqkfrw2uZmbuSqQ-H6SZS1Nwe8=269) Bulovaite et al. [Modulation of 5-HT release by dynorphin mediates social deficits during opioid withdrawal](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(22)00863-7/1/01000183a8dd29a2-c7a5f97d-434b-49bf-94ae-5232992f5d67-000000/Wfr3-R_dI2g6KqTs3YxeVmcyoajSkr7cKw6VqWxmuMY=269) Pomrenze et al. [Multiscale imaging informs translational mouse modeling of neurological disease](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(22)00811-X/1/01000183a8dd29a2-c7a5f97d-434b-49bf-94ae-5232992f5d67-000000/SoPxeAW_9cV9uJ6o0lGRP544HQ3irSVRRFfxdoaY5So=269) Wang et al. [Visual cortex encodes timing information in humans and mice](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(22)00813-3/1/01000183a8dd29a2-c7a5f97d-434b-49bf-94ae-5232992f5d67-000000/QscYwMFsRm2d-wgf_pztQulO3N_6VqRZeStOpG23n0Q=269) Yu et al. Table of Contents Previews --------------------------------------------------------------- [Endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition in multiple sclerosis: Good cells gone bad](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(22)00856-X%3Fdgcid=raven_jbs_etoc_email/1/01000183a8dd29a2-c7a5f97d-434b-49bf-94ae-5232992f5d67-000000/T7DmN2h8dTQWYvF95YqoTwkAgMFfmwG9CmXRdZpVitk=269) Gabrielle M. Mey, Tara M. DeSilva In cancer and cardiovascular disease, endothelial cells can transform into mesenchymal cells (EndoMT), affecting disease onset and progression. In this issue of Neuron, Sun et al. (2022) demonstrate how EndoMT triggers breakdown of the blood-CNS barrier in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis. [Tuning the neurogenesis channel](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(22)00805-4%3Fdgcid=raven_jbs_etoc_email/1/01000183a8dd29a2-c7a5f97d-434b-49bf-94ae-5232992f5d67-000000/Rx9aHYnjBQxmNapQvz0SOMXArlC_FPem-K9QGGrVkfo=269) Nicolás Marichal, Benedikt Berninger Earlier work has implicated the neurotransmitter GABA in controlling forebrain progenitor proliferation. In this issue of Neuron, Everlien et al. (2022) demonstrate that diazepam binding inhibitor acts to keep the neurogenesis-promoting effect of GABA at bay. [Glia-neuron interplay drives circadian glycosphingolipid homeostasis and structural brain plasticity](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(22)00795-4%3Fdgcid=raven_jbs_etoc_email/1/01000183a8dd29a2-c7a5f97d-434b-49bf-94ae-5232992f5d67-000000/sW036PVwzpaMsY6iHaUjQ8FjxFSf1IeD7-EccFJJa-A=269) Marco Brancaccio Glia-neuronal interplay is critical for circadian regulation of physiology and behavior. In this issue of Neuron, Vaughen et al. identify daily variations of glycosphingolipids that depend on glia and whose disruption alters proteostasis and daily structural plasticity of Drosophila circadian circuits. [Passing the baton: Information transfer between neurons enables continuity of the decision process](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(22)00818-2%3Fdgcid=raven_jbs_etoc_email/1/01000183a8dd29a2-c7a5f97d-434b-49bf-94ae-5232992f5d67-000000/Cj0s9OViIzfuEDLzg8OuFIJQa6n0E6Yqf6arbifVHeg=269) Kara D. McGaughey, Long Ding In this issue of Neuron, So and Shadlen (2022) reveal that the transfer of choice-related information between neurons renders the decision process robust to intervening events. Perspective --------------------------------------------------------------- [Not so spontaneous: Multi-dimensional representations of behaviors and context in sensory areas](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(22)00588-8%3Fdgcid=raven_jbs_etoc_email/1/01000183a8dd29a2-c7a5f97d-434b-49bf-94ae-5232992f5d67-000000/3BrFOVDfiwiV5o3ycUjA_Wf15ks0ZNH1hp5oLCL58lE=269) Lilach Avitan, Carsen Stringer Open Access Avitan and Stringer cover recent work describing large-scale spontaneous activity in developing and mature animals. They show that spontaneous activity is high dimensional, correlated with behavior, and distinct from sensory-driven activity, suggesting new functional roles for this activity in the circuit. Review --------------------------------------------------------------- [Multistability, perceptual value, and internal foraging](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(22)00669-9%3Fdgcid=raven_jbs_etoc_email/1/01000183a8dd29a2-c7a5f97d-434b-49bf-94ae-5232992f5d67-000000/7sZppZXCrGrKwmC-OswF3vIpAp0uQEw677_nVf2jjDw=269) Shervin Safavi, Peter Dayan Safavi et al. propose a value-based decision-theoretic framework for perceptual multistability. This synergizes with previous Helmholtzian accounts of perception and also offers a more comprehensive computational and algorithmic treatment of perceptual dynamics in healthy and psychiatric populations. Articles --------------------------------------------------------------- [Alterations in a cross-hemispheric circuit associates with novelty discrimination deficits in mouse models of neurodegeneration](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(22)00668-7%3Fdgcid=raven_jbs_etoc_email/1/01000183a8dd29a2-c7a5f97d-434b-49bf-94ae-5232992f5d67-000000/iguSAAmU0sbk_Op8OjFXLNFr2p-dXy8SCS6oQPep5LE=269) Chinnakkaruppan Adaikkan, Jun Wang, Karim Abdelaal, Steven J. Middleton, P. Lorenzo Bozzelli, Ian R. Wickersham, Thomas J. McHugh, Li-Huei Tsai Adaikkan et al. discuss how a functional circuit comprised of cross-hemispheric neurons in the homotopic visual cortex is required for novelty discrimination and how alterations in this circuit lead to impaired discrimination-dependent tasks in mouse models of neurodegeneration. [Neuroinflammatory disease disrupts the blood-CNS barrier via crosstalk between proinflammatory and endothelial-to-mesenchymal-transition signaling](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(22)00660-2%3Fdgcid=raven_jbs_etoc_email/1/01000183a8dd29a2-c7a5f97d-434b-49bf-94ae-5232992f5d67-000000/SKSt1hK5SoFXj5kG8MOU_UDCjXNfXFVVrY2NToDRjjg=269) Zhonglou Sun, Helong Zhao, Daniel Fang, Chadwick T. Davis, Dallas S. Shi, Kachon Lei, Bianca E. Rich, Jacob M. Winter, Li Guo, Lise K. Sorensen, Robert J. Pryor, Nina Zhu, Samuel Lu, Laura L. Dickey, Daniel J. Doty, Zongzhong Tong, Kirk R. Thomas, Alan L. Mueller, Allie H. Grossmann, Baowei Zhang, Thomas E. Lane, Robert S. Fujinami, Shannon J. Odelberg, Weiquan Zhu Open Access Loss of blood-CNS barrier (BCNSB) function is a hallmark of neuroinflammatory diseases, including MS. Sun et al. show that ARF6-mediated crosstalk between IL-1β and ALK signaling induces presymptomatic endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndoMT), causing BCNSB disruption and disease progression in a mouse MS model. Inhibiting this pathway reverses EndoMT and disease severity, suggesting a new therapeutic strategy to treat MS. [Enhanced excitability of the hippocampal CA2 region and its contribution to seizure activity in a mouse model of temporal lobe epilepsy](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(22)00665-1%3Fdgcid=raven_jbs_etoc_email/1/01000183a8dd29a2-c7a5f97d-434b-49bf-94ae-5232992f5d67-000000/P_l7sn1YJw3YrqWnjrAhFFiAFC1I7oh5p_6TitJCL7U=269) Alexander C. Whitebirch, John J. LaFrancois, Swati Jain, Paige Leary, Bina Santoro, Steven A. Siegelbaum, Helen E. Scharfman Whitebirch et al. find increased intrinsic excitability and net synaptic excitation of CA2 PCs in hippocampal slices from epileptic mice. Chemogenetic inhibition of CA2 PCs in vivo reduces the frequency of spontaneous recurring seizures. Together, these data suggest that pathological hyperexcitability in CA2 circuitry may contribute to seizure activity in epilepsy. [Diazepam binding inhibitor governs neurogenesis of excitatory and inhibitory neurons during embryonic development via GABA signaling](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(22)00667-5%3Fdgcid=raven_jbs_etoc_email/1/01000183a8dd29a2-c7a5f97d-434b-49bf-94ae-5232992f5d67-000000/35W4CDKOZqcMcZ5tDSMaj_Ob71p9IP7EgA_q3MWm1WI=269) Isabelle Everlien, Ting-Yun Yen, Yu-Chao Liu, Barbara Di Marco, Javier Vázquez-Marín, Lázaro Centanin, Julieta Alfonso, Hannah Monyer Everlien and colleagues demonstrate that the endozepine DBI is expressed in neural stem cells and progenitors of the prenatal murine telencephalon. DBI negatively modulates GABAA-receptor-mediated currents in neural progenitor cells. This translates into decreased prenatal progenitor proliferation and fewer excitatory and inhibitory neurons in the postnatal mouse brain. [Signaling snapshots of a serotonin receptor activated by the prototypical psychedelic LSD](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(22)00752-8%3Fdgcid=raven_jbs_etoc_email/1/01000183a8dd29a2-c7a5f97d-434b-49bf-94ae-5232992f5d67-000000/LXPMdreEn070focb2Lak2N49dDkOXxRi-UvPaDhCnzo=269) Can Cao, Ximena Barros-Álvarez, Shicheng Zhang, Kuglae Kim, Marc A. Dämgen, Ouliana Panova, Carl-Mikael Suomivuori, Jonathan F. Fay, Xiaofang Zhong, Brian E. Krumm, Ryan H. Gumpper, Alpay B. Seven, Michael J. Robertson, Nevan J. Krogan, Ruth Hüttenhain, David E. Nichols, Ron O. Dror, Georgios Skiniotis, Bryan L. Roth LSD is the prototypical psychedelic drug that profoundly alters human sensation, perception, and mood. Cao et al. determined the high-resolution cryo-EM structures of LSD-bound HTR2B in transducer-free, G-protein-coupled, and β-arrestin-1-coupled states, which reveal the molecular bases underlying the differential engagement of downstream signaling transducers for LSD. [In vivo nanoscopic landscape of neurexin ligands underlying anterograde synapse specification](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(22)00706-1%3Fdgcid=raven_jbs_etoc_email/1/01000183a8dd29a2-c7a5f97d-434b-49bf-94ae-5232992f5d67-000000/4M-25KkDjBVtUg7BsbeyXCqOJk4y5dHza8_nUcobEqE=269) Kazuya Nozawa, Taku Sogabe, Ayumi Hayashi, Junko Motohashi, Eriko Miura, Itaru Arai, Michisuke Yuzaki Synaptic organizers, such as neuroligin1, LRRTM1, and Cbln1, commonly target neurexin. Using X10 expansion microscopy, Nozawa et al. revealed that presynaptic neurexin isoforms regulated nanoclusters of postsynaptic neurexin ligands and glutamate receptor subtypes. Their findings provide models of how neurexin ligands coordinate or compete to organize excitatory synapses in vivo. [Glial control of sphingolipid levels sculpts diurnal remodeling in a circadian circuit](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(22)00661-4%3Fdgcid=raven_jbs_etoc_email/1/01000183a8dd29a2-c7a5f97d-434b-49bf-94ae-5232992f5d67-000000/rQ0Jc26Yfn0_SXFCDpGp8tNRRF84pPYriJM_stkOFOY=269) John P. Vaughen, Emma Theisen, Irma Magaly Rivas-Serna, Andrew B. Berger, Prateek Kalakuntla, Ina Anreiter, Vera C. Mazurak, Tamy Portillo Rodriguez, Joshua D. Mast, Tom Hartl, Ethan O. Perlstein, Richard J. Reimer, M. Thomas Clandinin, Thomas R. Clandinin Vaughen et al. find that brain sphingolipids are degraded by glial-derived glucocerebrosidase (GBA). Glial gba1b knockout in Drosophila causes selective sphingolipid and phospholipid alterations, cyclic protein aggregates, and sleep loss. Specific sphingolipids fluctuate diurnally in the brain, and sphingolipid metabolism instructs structural remodeling of a key circadian circuit. [Decision formation in parietal cortex transcends a fixed frame of reference](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(22)00664-X%3Fdgcid=raven_jbs_etoc_email/1/01000183a8dd29a2-c7a5f97d-434b-49bf-94ae-5232992f5d67-000000/uwYYBjvvJZbyQ2NvMyxiluLNl_ezCzrEBWLAodNIIQM=269) NaYoung So, Michael N. Shadlen Open Access Neurons in area LIP represent intention in an oculocentric frame of reference. They are therefore unable to represent a decision when evidence is acquired before and after a change of gaze direction. So and Shadlen show that continuity of a decision arises via transfer of information from neuron to neuron. 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