Neuron: September 21, 2022 (Volume 110, Issue 18)

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[3D spatial genome organization in the nervous system: From development and plasticity to disease](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(22)00542-6/1/0100018360b28448-31aef496-7ca6-4dfb-84a6-fe7edc35cedb-000000/rkmIDirEA77Ndvw3gy8Nl3vGaP01pp_5batOGkoW2mY=267) Fujita et al. [Molecular signatures underlying neurofibrillary tangle susceptibility in Alzheimer's disease](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(22)00600-6/1/0100018360b28448-31aef496-7ca6-4dfb-84a6-fe7edc35cedb-000000/Sy0QpUYcHd0UTKL9ROsRG3BRJI_O0W1RfN3DVdzg1SA=267) Otero-Garcia et al. [Synaptic-like axo-axonal transmission from striatal cholinergic interneurons onto dopaminergic fibers](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(22)00656-0/1/0100018360b28448-31aef496-7ca6-4dfb-84a6-fe7edc35cedb-000000/M1-mG_q2iIZ-xBxBvA4DZY3S3Ed5s4s7ncqCRzMZAaQ=267) Kramer et al. Online now --------------------------------------------------------------- [Independent response modulation of visual cortical neurons by attentional and behavioral states](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(22)00803-0/1/0100018360b28448-31aef496-7ca6-4dfb-84a6-fe7edc35cedb-000000/caQHEj2leTWRz3KWgnB5HIyd3jZ8PTTahEGW_2D3mzs=267) Kanamori et al. [Joint coding of visual input and eye/head position in V1 of freely moving mice](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(22)00804-2/1/0100018360b28448-31aef496-7ca6-4dfb-84a6-fe7edc35cedb-000000/vV1y4pFWNk33GXsjDDqvAwNnneqlqRFsI6zlOYMl1GA=267) Parker et al. [Striatal dopamine explains novelty-induced behavioral dynamics and individual variability in threat prediction](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(22)00758-9/1/0100018360b28448-31aef496-7ca6-4dfb-84a6-fe7edc35cedb-000000/KsLyZKxPPAH69sYIjrAEsQLa22xF1zIafi02AuasOmE=267) Akiti et al. [Molecularly defined and functionally distinct cholinergic subnetworks](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(22)00796-6/1/0100018360b28448-31aef496-7ca6-4dfb-84a6-fe7edc35cedb-000000/lwA6J7Xym7NjXk3DMfzlN2mZNhaFxtbQ9FX_suJa9JY=267) Li et al. Table of Contents Previews --------------------------------------------------------------- [W’axon, wax off: Striatal cholinergic synapses instruct dopamine axon activity](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(22)00759-0%3Fdgcid=raven_jbs_etoc_email/1/0100018360b28448-31aef496-7ca6-4dfb-84a6-fe7edc35cedb-000000/zNYh9imQqnYxHlWtajctwsQV0HVzCt6D2dQXzkBQ03w=267) Eddy Albarran, Jun B. Ding Canonically, axons are considered the output structures of neurons, relaying signals generated at the dendrites and soma. In this issue of Neuron, Kramer et al. challenge this notion by showing that dopaminergic axons can be depolarized directly by cholinergic interneurons and even generate action potentials independent of somatic activity. [Sensational astrocytes: Mechanotransduction in adult brain function](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(22)00753-X%3Fdgcid=raven_jbs_etoc_email/1/0100018360b28448-31aef496-7ca6-4dfb-84a6-fe7edc35cedb-000000/-Xf19k9lfN1wPrBeqevNoxH5BjKgCf6sxW3ARXtLPPA=267) Kevin Hong Chen, Zhaozhu Qiu Sensing the mechanical microenvironment is an essential aspect of all life, yet its mechanism remains poorly understood. In this issue of Neuron, Chi et al. reveal the role of astrocyte mechanosensitive Piezo1 channel in adult neurogenesis and cognitive function. [Love or not? A new subpopulation of neurons controls the switch of female sexual behavior](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(22)00710-3%3Fdgcid=raven_jbs_etoc_email/1/0100018360b28448-31aef496-7ca6-4dfb-84a6-fe7edc35cedb-000000/2sxWzLebxAT5vGb06Df3r0yehnM5ECRDpTjE-zK-XtM=267) Zhihui Liu, Peng Cao In this issue of Neuron, Yin and colleagues describe a new subpopulation of neurons in the ventrolateral part of the ventromedial hypothalamus, cholecystokinin A receptor (Cckar)-expressing cells, and unravel their roles in regulating female sexual behavior over reproductive cycles. [Dips in dopamine say “no” to nicotine](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(22)00757-7%3Fdgcid=raven_jbs_etoc_email/1/0100018360b28448-31aef496-7ca6-4dfb-84a6-fe7edc35cedb-000000/BSDy0DYbOqrNq66LKwocCyvnOMb-0tgZDCyth2FyHCE=267) Alice Servonnet, Saleem M. Nicola Nicotine has both rewarding and aversive effects. In this issue of Neuron, Liu et al. show that nicotine aversion depends on both desensitization of high-affinity nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) that activate midbrain dopamine neurons and activation of low-affinity nAChRs that inhibit dopamine neurons via the laterodorsal tegmental nucleus (LDT). NeuroView --------------------------------------------------------------- [A life in science, ending soon](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(22)00799-1%3Fdgcid=raven_jbs_etoc_email/1/0100018360b28448-31aef496-7ca6-4dfb-84a6-fe7edc35cedb-000000/WRTsTr80HlgFiHXUJB4necY-koelZrkahGc-AAwA0R0=267) David J. Linden A diagnosis of terminal cancer has caused Linden to think about his life in science and the delight and surprise it has brought him and the experiments he would pursue if he had just a bit more time. Perspective --------------------------------------------------------------- [3D spatial genome organization in the nervous system: From development and plasticity to disease](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(22)00542-6%3Fdgcid=raven_jbs_etoc_email/1/0100018360b28448-31aef496-7ca6-4dfb-84a6-fe7edc35cedb-000000/XKenjUoP-wQeQD_oGxz0S4-OIEzlRpYd2EJUeB0QkW0=267) Yuki Fujita, Sarshan R. Pather, Guo-li Ming, Hongjun Song Chromatin is organized into multiscale hierarchical three-dimensional structures. In this review, Fujita et al. discuss different aspects of spatial genome organization and their functions in regulating gene expression in the nervous system and their dysregulation in brain disorders. Review --------------------------------------------------------------- [Neuroblastoma: When differentiation goes awry](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(22)00657-2%3Fdgcid=raven_jbs_etoc_email/1/0100018360b28448-31aef496-7ca6-4dfb-84a6-fe7edc35cedb-000000/92xPp8dsN0gF-PMWsVZQSq81RPdQzJOM50n33DfGsQU=267) Maged Zeineldin, Anand G. Patel, Michael A. Dyer Open Access This review by Zeinelden et al. discusses the origin of neuroblastoma from the developing sympathoadrenal lineage. The authors argue that neuroblastoma is a disease of arrested differentiation and describe how tumor cell heterogeneity reflects underlying developmental mechanisms. NeuroResource --------------------------------------------------------------- [Molecular signatures underlying neurofibrillary tangle susceptibility in Alzheimer’s disease](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(22)00600-6%3Fdgcid=raven_jbs_etoc_email/1/0100018360b28448-31aef496-7ca6-4dfb-84a6-fe7edc35cedb-000000/w9sj1ksA4xLfoeOptDEtQxyrIZ_9BpF-5KCqcELlowE=267) Marcos Otero-Garcia, Sameehan U. Mahajani, Debia Wakhloo, Weijing Tang, Yue-Qiang Xue, Samuel Morabito, Jie Pan, Jane Oberhauser, Angela E. Madira, Tamara Shakouri, Yongning Deng, Thomas Allison, Zihuai He, William E. Lowry, Riki Kawaguchi, Vivek Swarup, Inma Cobos Using a new method for profiling single, tangle-bearing neurons from postmortem brain tissue, Otero-Garcia et al. quantify the susceptibility of 20 neocortical subtypes to tangle formation, define signatures of NFT susceptibility, and distinguish molecular changes specifically associated with NFTs from those broadly identified in Alzheimer’s disease. Reports --------------------------------------------------------------- [Synaptic-like axo-axonal transmission from striatal cholinergic interneurons onto dopaminergic fibers](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(22)00656-0%3Fdgcid=raven_jbs_etoc_email/1/0100018360b28448-31aef496-7ca6-4dfb-84a6-fe7edc35cedb-000000/Exq5TBznhTX4-i4EzGZSyfZfVR7O_LwXV-lknX83fjM=267) Paul F. Kramer, Samuel G. Brill-Weil, Alex C. Cummins, Renshu Zhang, Gisela A. Camacho-Hernandez, Amy H. Newman, Mark A.G. Eldridge, Bruno B. Averbeck, Zayd M. Khaliq Open Access Dopaminergic axons express nicotinic receptors that modulate and evoke neurotransmitter release. Using direct recordings from dopaminergic axons, Kramer et al. reveal the presence of spontaneous synaptic-like nicotinic axonal EPSPs capable of generating spontaneous axonal action potentials. These findings demonstrate the mechanisms underlying nicotinic-receptor-mediated membrane-potential signaling in dopaminergic axons. [Task specificity in mouse parietal cortex](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(22)00662-6%3Fdgcid=raven_jbs_etoc_email/1/0100018360b28448-31aef496-7ca6-4dfb-84a6-fe7edc35cedb-000000/V9HWqtpLqRw2sm1io-pwL5QcfH3GASNweaXV3GhIias=267) Julie J. Lee, Michael Krumin, Kenneth D. Harris, Matteo Carandini Open Access Lee et al. trained the same mice to perform two or even three visual decision tasks involving different apparatuses. They discovered that neurons in parietal cortex exhibit strong task specificity: different parietal neurons are active in different physical contexts. Articles --------------------------------------------------------------- [Rhesus macaque versus rat divergence in the corticospinal projectome](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(22)00607-9%3Fdgcid=raven_jbs_etoc_email/1/0100018360b28448-31aef496-7ca6-4dfb-84a6-fe7edc35cedb-000000/bcQoSXwiXYPH84ockBo75_kcIKWNPg6tt2rUSFX30CU=267) Eleni Sinopoulou, Ephron S. Rosenzweig, James M. Conner, Daniel Gibbs, Chase A. Weinholtz, Janet L. Weber, John H. Brock, Yvette S. Nout-Lomas, Eric Ovruchesky, Yoshio Takashima, Jeremy S. Biane, Hiromi Kumamaru, Leif A. Havton, Michael S. Beattie, Jacqueline C. Bresnahan, Mark H. Tuszynski Open Access Sinopoulou et al. map the entire projection network of the corticospinal motor system in rats and monkeys, including all collaterals. They find extensive corticospinal collateralization in rats yet far more direct corticospinal convergence on the spinal cord in monkeys. These findings have important implications for translational research. [Astrocytic Piezo1-mediated mechanotransduction determines adult neurogenesis and cognitive functions](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(22)00655-9%3Fdgcid=raven_jbs_etoc_email/1/0100018360b28448-31aef496-7ca6-4dfb-84a6-fe7edc35cedb-000000/K3sFS6oYkBUseAPMF7gp8y9oCLw8z8qsK2P1rI8mC1E=267) Shaopeng Chi, Yaxiong Cui, Haiping Wang, Jinghui Jiang, Tingxin Zhang, Suhua Sun, Zhuan Zhou, Yi Zhong, Bailong Xiao Chi et al. find that astrocytes utilize the specialized mechanosensor Piezo1 to convert mechanical forces into Ca2+ and ATP signaling, which regulates adult neurogenesis and cognitive functions, conceptually highlighting the importance of mechanotransduction in brain structure and function. [VMHvllCckar cells dynamically control female sexual behaviors over the reproductive cycle](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(22)00605-5%3Fdgcid=raven_jbs_etoc_email/1/0100018360b28448-31aef496-7ca6-4dfb-84a6-fe7edc35cedb-000000/iBZLoPtX8CEpox2LL_4WzLWhRLdUWO48h1S8m5cHWoo=267) Luping Yin, Koichi Hashikawa, Yoshiko Hashikawa, Takuya Osakada, Julieta E. Lischinsky, Veronica Diaz, Dayu Lin Yin et al. establish VMHvllCckar cells as a hub orchestrating female sexual behaviors and a brake on female aggression. VMHvllCckar cells undergo dramatic cellular and synaptic changes over the reproductive cycle to alter cell responsivity to male cues and control the timing of female sexual behaviors. [An inhibitory brainstem input to dopamine neurons encodes nicotine aversion](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(22)00608-0%3Fdgcid=raven_jbs_etoc_email/1/0100018360b28448-31aef496-7ca6-4dfb-84a6-fe7edc35cedb-000000/TKnidEwY6n-rW57j1dj_HRof0hzR9x-yt0ONebyqckw=267) Christine Liu, Amanda J. Tose, Jeroen P.H. Verharen, Yichen Zhu, Lilly W. Tang, Johannes W. de Jong, Jessica X. Du, Kevin T. Beier, Stephan Lammel Liu, Tose et al. reveal that a high dose of nicotine causes behavioral aversion and reduces dopamine release in the lateral nucleus accumbens through α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors on an inhibitory brainstem input. Suppressing this input to dopamine neurons prevents the reduction of dopamine release and behavioral aversion to nicotine. [Control of fear by discrete prefrontal GABAergic populations encoding valence-specific information](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(22)00646-8%3Fdgcid=raven_jbs_etoc_email/1/0100018360b28448-31aef496-7ca6-4dfb-84a6-fe7edc35cedb-000000/-2lSzcWHaosGS7_fIzkEds4lva56sIDweUValF9m1oQ=267) Kirstie A. Cummings, Sabina Bayshtok, Tri N. Dong, Paul J. Kenny, Roger L. Clem Cummings et al. demonstrate that discrete populations of prefrontal somatostatin interneurons activated by positive and negative experience exert opposing control over fear memory. This outlines an important role for functional specialization of GABAergic interneurons in emotional learning. 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