Neuron: September 7, 2022 (Volume 110, Issue 17)

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[Learn more](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fnews-do%2Fcell-press-impact-factors-2022/2/0100018318dc540e-60cc1813-2f18-4ec6-a6c8-12e4142a21b8-000000/M2o5cXrzt2LBIy2E-cnkp9CunbAPPdJ3YaHG8JtYWto=265) [Cell Symposia: Advances in therapeutic applications of stem cells](%2F%2Fwww.cell-symposia.com%2Fstem-cells-2022/1/0100018318dc540e-60cc1813-2f18-4ec6-a6c8-12e4142a21b8-000000/hgffQU-chnzAZknh-8tTNPco4cxddISX23ecEB5IvZQ=265) December 8-10, 2022 | Cedars-Sinai, Los Angeles, CA, USA | Keynotes: Douglas Melton, Hans Clevers and Gordana Vunjak-Novakovic [Extended abstract submission deadline September 16, 2022 - submit your abstract here](%2F%2Fwww.cell-symposia.com%2Fstem-cells-2022/2/0100018318dc540e-60cc1813-2f18-4ec6-a6c8-12e4142a21b8-000000/_eHA5TLs3kWURhCL7txla5crbqko6g4akXTMvyRVqKg=265) [Webinar: Tripartite symbioses with the virome](%2F%2Fwww.workcast.com%2Fregister%3Fcpak=6949255492955973%26referrer=etoc/1/0100018318dc540e-60cc1813-2f18-4ec6-a6c8-12e4142a21b8-000000/LSmjHjzvN85m2J8X6IRNEvTrDlxsAUuVSYB8R5thD3U=265) September 19, 2022, 12:30 pm ET | Speakers: Britt Koskella (UC Berkeley), Bryan Hsu (Virginia Tech) & Paul Bollyky (Stanford University) [Register for free](%2F%2Fwww.workcast.com%2Fregister%3Fcpak=6949255492955973%26referrer=etoc/2/0100018318dc540e-60cc1813-2f18-4ec6-a6c8-12e4142a21b8-000000/jgVIt6gSjnmeyofr_SYviyIno6ma1ReXNV6kyynIV-I=265) Featured articles --------------------------------------------------------------- [PIEZO channels and newcomers in the mammalian mechanosensitive ion channel family](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(22)00606-7/1/0100018318dc540e-60cc1813-2f18-4ec6-a6c8-12e4142a21b8-000000/6tnsyer9cBpdzUP1RkzAx6x-ne0Iow5Px_pGwBMchXU=265) Delmas et al. [Medial and orbital frontal cortex in decision-making and flexible behavior](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(22)00463-9/1/0100018318dc540e-60cc1813-2f18-4ec6-a6c8-12e4142a21b8-000000/0Yc2HIFRZldlytmXfgVILlfE_MGS8mav7XYFwDh_z4s=265) Klein-Flugge et al. [Neuroscience Cloud Analysis As a Service: An open-source platform for scalable, reproducible data analysis](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(22)00587-6/1/0100018318dc540e-60cc1813-2f18-4ec6-a6c8-12e4142a21b8-000000/gLiUMqif_y9Qpr3bLSE_J2VYZONcZaoD0KxaEgI3i1w=265) Abe et al. [Vagus nerve stimulation drives selective circuit modulation through cholinergic reinforcement](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(22)00555-4/1/0100018318dc540e-60cc1813-2f18-4ec6-a6c8-12e4142a21b8-000000/2odhqVaOdKyQG1JFJ8bSXfjf20Cd7a4fW9yIg8HCcNo=265) Bowles et al. Online now --------------------------------------------------------------- [Choroid plexus-CSF-targeted antioxidant therapy protects the brain from toxicity of cancer chemotherapy](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(22)00741-3/1/0100018318dc540e-60cc1813-2f18-4ec6-a6c8-12e4142a21b8-000000/D4qkKaQQ7ZrBywS9cFVE707oxitH3IpCDfBxeJH9qAk=265) Jang et al. [Excitatory SST neurons in the medial paralemniscal nucleus control repetitive self-grooming and encode reward](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(22)00742-5/1/0100018318dc540e-60cc1813-2f18-4ec6-a6c8-12e4142a21b8-000000/2hx3xrTeFkKChfwh2bvI6KI8dKHaQxMXTMpAw3_pbvg=265) Sun et al. [LINE-1 activation in the cerebellum drives ataxia](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(22)00743-7/1/0100018318dc540e-60cc1813-2f18-4ec6-a6c8-12e4142a21b8-000000/nUeKUVXkhDG1r5xwnqGaQQC5gMx55SPjVD9fZrqRr7c=265) Takahashi et al. [NMDAR-dependent presynaptic homeostasis in adult hippocampus: Synapse growth and cross-modal inhibitory plasticity](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(22)00746-2/1/0100018318dc540e-60cc1813-2f18-4ec6-a6c8-12e4142a21b8-000000/piG9959GaXMc0fYeoexGf3hNqcpdNvnkX1MccAix2OE=265) Chipman et al. Table of Contents Previews --------------------------------------------------------------- [Condensing our understanding of endocytosis](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(22)00708-5%3Fdgcid=raven_jbs_etoc_email/1/0100018318dc540e-60cc1813-2f18-4ec6-a6c8-12e4142a21b8-000000/-an8bnWE9AgQ6ezlD5GGDR9OKmtce1HeL_27tpn3iUc=265) Lauren C. Panzera, Michael B. Hoppa In this issue of Neuron, Imoto et al. report that a splice variant of dynamin (Dyn1xA) interacts with syndapin to form a molecular condensate at the edge of the presynaptic active zone. This enables rapid recruitment of proteins to endocytic sites essential for powering ultrafast endocytosis. [Spike timing-based regulation of thalamocortical signaling](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(22)00709-7%3Fdgcid=raven_jbs_etoc_email/1/0100018318dc540e-60cc1813-2f18-4ec6-a6c8-12e4142a21b8-000000/5XDAY4zAygkxSU4MAUdrKYytO_Hfkac_ilBXj3KlH9c=265) Isis S. Wyche, Daniel H. O’Connor For decades, thalamic burst and tonic spiking modes have been theorized to regulate sensory signaling in the thalamocortical circuit. In this issue of Neuron, Borden et al. demonstrate a timing-based mechanism by which thalamic spiking mode controls sensory responses in the awake cortex. [Why study mechanisms of brain stimulation therapies? To modulate the right neurons, in the right way, at the right time](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(22)00750-4%3Fdgcid=raven_jbs_etoc_email/1/0100018318dc540e-60cc1813-2f18-4ec6-a6c8-12e4142a21b8-000000/hgSCvun2e23f-JNSGzFeGfcaIStDKLBFxmGps_HAvWw=265) Matthew J. McGinley, Steven T. Lee Clinical applications of vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) are burgeoning, but mechanistic work lags behind. In this issue of Neuron, Bowles and colleagues show that VNS timed with positive reinforcement improves motor learning and cortical function by a cholinergic mechanism. Perspectives --------------------------------------------------------------- [PIEZO channels and newcomers in the mammalian mechanosensitive ion channel family](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(22)00606-7%3Fdgcid=raven_jbs_etoc_email/1/0100018318dc540e-60cc1813-2f18-4ec6-a6c8-12e4142a21b8-000000/zzN3n79EAiXq54qRhx_EoqKdVeDEFGe3_EMqmc53QZU=265) Patrick Delmas, Thibaud Parpaite, Bertrand Coste This review by Delmas et al. presents the latest developments on the properties and pathophysiological functions of Piezo channels and discusses the pros and cons of newly identified proteins as candidate mechanosensitive channels in mammals. [The caudal prethalamus: Inhibitory switchboard for behavioral control?](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(22)00663-8%3Fdgcid=raven_jbs_etoc_email/1/0100018318dc540e-60cc1813-2f18-4ec6-a6c8-12e4142a21b8-000000/PNifc7goKoS68dtCQ3gsElLgiNClhgpKu864xmF1VYI=265) Alex Fratzl, Sonja B. Hofer In this perspective, Fratzl and Hofer review the main nuclei in the caudal prethalamus and propose that given their wide-ranging inhibitory control over diverse brain functions, these brain regions may act together as a behavioral switchboard. Review --------------------------------------------------------------- [Medial and orbital frontal cortex in decision-making and flexible behavior](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(22)00463-9%3Fdgcid=raven_jbs_etoc_email/1/0100018318dc540e-60cc1813-2f18-4ec6-a6c8-12e4142a21b8-000000/iLB4GeanYkhi59QY_s0ZXY5Z80mQlrRvbieywtuti9E=265) Miriam C. Klein-Flügge, Alessandro Bongioanni, Matthew F.S. Rushworth The prefrontal cortex (PFC) provides high-level coordination of behavior but is not a homogeneous structure. In this review, Klein-Flügge et al. compare the function of several distinct PFC regions and connected subcortical nuclei in decision-making, behavioral flexibility, and social behavior. NeuroResource --------------------------------------------------------------- [Neuroscience Cloud Analysis As a Service: An open-source platform for scalable, reproducible data analysis](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(22)00587-6%3Fdgcid=raven_jbs_etoc_email/1/0100018318dc540e-60cc1813-2f18-4ec6-a6c8-12e4142a21b8-000000/ol9p8xDACS8Kj7-kWOdJN9X-8MO0-AiYY67L9hH-QhA=265) Taiga Abe, Ian Kinsella, Shreya Saxena, E. Kelly Buchanan, Joao Couto, John Briggs, Sian Lee Kitt, Ryan Glassman, John Zhou, Liam Paninski, John P. Cunningham Computing infrastructure is a fundamental part of neural data analysis. Abe et al. present an open-source, cloud-based platform called NeuroCAAS to automatically build reproducible computing infrastructure for neural data analysis. They show that NeuroCAAS supports novel analysis design and can improve the efficiency of popular existing methods. Report --------------------------------------------------------------- [Motor learning selectively strengthens cortical and striatal synapses of motor engram neurons](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(22)00544-X%3Fdgcid=raven_jbs_etoc_email/1/0100018318dc540e-60cc1813-2f18-4ec6-a6c8-12e4142a21b8-000000/_eT9XeQ8hXJCQnGLXqtY8X1aSwqyi4NT6m_ir21YTnk=265) Fuu-Jiun Hwang, Richard H. Roth, Yu-Wei Wu, Yue Sun, Destany K. Kwon, Yu Liu, Jun B. Ding Open Access In this study, Hwang, Roth, et al. find that motor learning recruits a population of engram neurons in the motor cortex that are reactivated during task performance. Motor learning leads to selective remodeling of dendritic spines and strengthening of outputs to the striatum of M1 engram neurons. Articles --------------------------------------------------------------- [Light-evoked dendritic spikes in sustained but not transient rabbit retinal ganglion cells](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(22)00547-5%3Fdgcid=raven_jbs_etoc_email/1/0100018318dc540e-60cc1813-2f18-4ec6-a6c8-12e4142a21b8-000000/a1ilG85cSRp9m6WokNFat6OE6HlhPkYPVJruh16MHHE=265) Arne Brombas, Xiangyu Zhou, Stephen R. Williams Open Access Brombas et al. perform simultaneous electrical recordings from the soma and dendrites of rabbit OFF retinal ganglion cells to reveal that the differential expression of active dendritic integration defines cell-class-specific computations and the representation of moving visual stimuli. [Dynamin is primed at endocytic sites for ultrafast endocytosis](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(22)00548-7%3Fdgcid=raven_jbs_etoc_email/1/0100018318dc540e-60cc1813-2f18-4ec6-a6c8-12e4142a21b8-000000/dhu4cSZ9EKvJVjc5PNQZVcxeYQdxIrg1mec6bj5IFsI=265) Yuuta Imoto, Sumana Raychaudhuri, Ye Ma, Pascal Fenske, Eduardo Sandoval, Kie Itoh, Eva-Maria Blumrich, Hideaki T. Matsubayashi, Lauren Mamer, Fereshteh Zarebidaki, Berit Söhl-Kielczynski, Thorsten Trimbuch, Shraddha Nayak, Janet H. Iwasa, Jian Liu, Bin Wu, Taekjip Ha, Takanari Inoue, Erik M. Jorgensen, Michael A. Cousin, Christian Rosenmund, Shigeki Watanabe Open Access Imoto et al. demonstrate that a splice variant of Dynamin 1, Dyn1xA, mediates vesicle scission during ultrafast endocytosis. For such a rapid event, Dyn1xA molecules are concentrated at endocytic zones through molecular condensation with Syndapin 1. This cache of Dyn1xA accelerates the kinetics of endocytosis by 100-fold. [Thalamic bursting and the role of timing and synchrony in thalamocortical signaling in the awake mouse](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(22)00546-3%3Fdgcid=raven_jbs_etoc_email/1/0100018318dc540e-60cc1813-2f18-4ec6-a6c8-12e4142a21b8-000000/9Epo-31V6jkxQAPHwIJ-G3mO-mXnKBaAM66_-W65S1s=265) Peter Y. Borden, Nathaniel C. Wright, Arthur E. Morrissette, Dieter Jaeger, Bilal Haider, Garrett B. Stanley It has long been proposed that the thalamus serves as a dynamic gate for control of sensory signaling to cortex through switching between tonic and burst firing modes. Using optogenetic manipulation in the awake mouse, Borden et al. demonstrate a thalamic burst-driven, timing-based gating of sensory signaling to the cortex. [Sequential inhibitory plasticities in hippocampal area CA2 and social memory formation](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(22)00551-7%3Fdgcid=raven_jbs_etoc_email/1/0100018318dc540e-60cc1813-2f18-4ec6-a6c8-12e4142a21b8-000000/8RjK9L7_clyRhzCD50k-eh0rjygRNEtGLW_mMaC_25s=265) Maïthé Loisy, Guillaume Bouisset, Sébastien Lopez, Maud Muller, Alena Spitsyn, Jeanne Duval, Rebecca Ann Piskorowski, Laure Verret, Vivien Chevaleyre Social recognition is important for gregarious animals. In this issue of Neuron, Loisy et al. describe a plasticity induced by CB1R that contributes to social memory formation. This plasticity is impaired in a mouse model of schizophrenia but is rescued by manipulation that rescues social memory in these mice. [Vagus nerve stimulation drives selective circuit modulation through cholinergic reinforcement](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(22)00555-4%3Fdgcid=raven_jbs_etoc_email/1/0100018318dc540e-60cc1813-2f18-4ec6-a6c8-12e4142a21b8-000000/xPuTvnTh8uXUC4XKAe4YyLt-1ZRA4BUBub-qXJ2gRQo=265) Spencer Bowles, Jordan Hickman, Xiaoyu Peng, W. Ryan Williamson, Rongchen Huang, Kayden Washington, Dane Donegan, Cristin G. Welle Stimulation of the vagus nerve paired with behavior has been shown to enhance rehabilitation following neurologic injury, but the mechanism remains unknown. Bowles, Hickman, Peng et al. demonstrate that VNS applied after a successful reach improves skilled motor learning via a cholinergic reinforcement mechanism, resulting in selective modulation of M1 neurons. 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