Neuron: August 3, 2022 (Volume 110, Issue 15)

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[Modulation of neural co-firing to enhance network transmission and improve motor function after stroke](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(22)00603-1/1/01000182693a0a5a-98493c25-966e-4aba-a8ae-764baf8ccc67-000000/X1xbdvTfd67fqjAC9RFTbLGOr511ICm9vd6nzDbgiKU=260) Ganguly et al. [Neuronal NLRP3 is a parkin substrate that drives neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(22)00450-0/1/01000182693a0a5a-98493c25-966e-4aba-a8ae-764baf8ccc67-000000/HRe-9kr00LkgqYgelOw_dhT1EeA0Wn2PqJ5JE7tN_J0=260) Panicker et al. [High-density single-unit human cortical recordings using the Neuropixels probe](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(22)00448-2/1/01000182693a0a5a-98493c25-966e-4aba-a8ae-764baf8ccc67-000000/bokN_LsQoc_iLbwcwqHGZgOCZoQnbHOEpjeIc4QyNCk=260) Chung et al. Online now --------------------------------------------------------------- [An inhibitory brainstem input to dopamine neurons encodes nicotine aversion](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(22)00608-0/1/01000182693a0a5a-98493c25-966e-4aba-a8ae-764baf8ccc67-000000/Zr0OXwD_h1O7M-Oo83Qu0ds4x42BNP6ib3ygEUP1QcQ=260) Liu et al. [Rhesus macaque versus rat divergence in the corticospinal projectome](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(22)00607-9/1/01000182693a0a5a-98493c25-966e-4aba-a8ae-764baf8ccc67-000000/XGHbMEZ72m8iA00a2wZe5m1VdqQqDNwTd0Pt2hhAU00=260) Sinopoulou et al. [PIEZO channels and newcomers in the mammalian mechanosensitive ion channel family](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(22)00606-7/1/01000182693a0a5a-98493c25-966e-4aba-a8ae-764baf8ccc67-000000/YNA6FN6OxNcYMO6MVhRGTBfAnZI43hviHj1V0_yFuys=260) Delmas et al. [VMHvllCckar cells dynamically control female sexual behaviors over the reproductive cycle](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(22)00605-5/1/01000182693a0a5a-98493c25-966e-4aba-a8ae-764baf8ccc67-000000/c0Yxo1hpjQB3RdcXyTUjKI14Uaxv6SKIm6LFwwZsyZM=260) Yin et al. Table of Contents Previews --------------------------------------------------------------- [Probing the human brain at single-neuron resolution with high-density cortical recordings](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(22)00659-6%3Fdgcid=raven_jbs_etoc_email/1/01000182693a0a5a-98493c25-966e-4aba-a8ae-764baf8ccc67-000000/RNUERWeeFfm5T2pIunm_nwYZAjS2EQ3HQBsEugzsq04=260) Stephen Meisenhelter, Ueli Rutishauser Recording in vivo from large numbers of neurons is a core neuroscience technique not typically possible in humans. In this issue of Neuron, Chung et al. (2022) show high-density acute recordings in human cortex using the Neuropixels probe. [Taking the parkin brakes off of neuronal NLRP3 drives inflammasome activation and neurodegeneration in Parkinson’s disease](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(22)00553-0%3Fdgcid=raven_jbs_etoc_email/1/01000182693a0a5a-98493c25-966e-4aba-a8ae-764baf8ccc67-000000/mF5ZXMS1w6xNUYBZ_vQ8uv7CgJDGdsUiLTnGwi92VaM=260) Kristine E. Zengeler, John R. Lukens NLRP3 is a central driver of neurodegeneration thought to function mainly in microglia. In this issue of Neuron, Panicker et al. (2022) find that NLRP3 is a parkin substrate that contributes significantly to Parkinson’s disease pathogenesis by acting in neurons. [The exciting side of unconventional glycine receptors](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(22)00649-3%3Fdgcid=raven_jbs_etoc_email/1/01000182693a0a5a-98493c25-966e-4aba-a8ae-764baf8ccc67-000000/9lTTEbrTKW1reCqkTEi5vmO7mKph_Z_fzo3aEupyUPw=260) Pedro Espinosa, Camilla Bellone In this issue of Neuron, Bossi, Dhanasobhon, and colleagues uncover the functional relevance of GluN1/GluN3A excitatory glycine receptors (eGlyRs) in the neocortex and amygdala. This study provides exciting new insights into the role of unconventional eGlyRs in brain function. [Everything, everywhere, all at once: Functional specialization and distributed coding in the cerebral cortex](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(22)00648-1%3Fdgcid=raven_jbs_etoc_email/1/01000182693a0a5a-98493c25-966e-4aba-a8ae-764baf8ccc67-000000/cWaTJWR-tBSUudQ0BhpqZFXiTlrgiPdz5cv1J2YTqVg=260) Rifqi O. Affan, Benjamin B. Scott In this issue of Neuron, Tseng and colleagues reveal functional gradients in the mouse posterior cortex that reconcile specialized and parallel processes during flexible, goal-directed navigation. Perspective --------------------------------------------------------------- [Modulation of neural co-firing to enhance network transmission and improve motor function after stroke](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(22)00603-1%3Fdgcid=raven_jbs_etoc_email/1/01000182693a0a5a-98493c25-966e-4aba-a8ae-764baf8ccc67-000000/S5Y9U47W7OkndFLmX7qScslgu6U0wMsZBPlS611lH1M=260) Karunesh Ganguly, Preeya Khanna, Robert J. Morecraft, David J. Lin Neurotechnology has the great potential to improve upper limb function after stroke, but clinical outcomes are variable. Ganguly et al. propose a neurophysiological framework that establishes a path forward for basic and clinical research with a goal of improving the robustness of clinical translation. Review --------------------------------------------------------------- [Dysregulation of organelle membrane contact sites in neurological diseases](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(22)00365-8%3Fdgcid=raven_jbs_etoc_email/1/01000182693a0a5a-98493c25-966e-4aba-a8ae-764baf8ccc67-000000/rbiYCRygYkVcqk22T2uf1-XvxHtJVP1JTwqDeWEqdG8=260) Soojin Kim, Robert Coukos, Fanding Gao, Dimitri Krainc Kim et al. review the emerging field of interorganelle contact sites, focusing on their role in organelle dynamics and interorganelle communication to maintain cellular homeostasis. In particular, they discuss how the disruptions in interorganelle contacts contribute to the pathogenesis of neurological diseases. NeuroResource --------------------------------------------------------------- [High-density single-unit human cortical recordings using the Neuropixels probe](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(22)00448-2%3Fdgcid=raven_jbs_etoc_email/1/01000182693a0a5a-98493c25-966e-4aba-a8ae-764baf8ccc67-000000/h0nXEksQrcO6Z8XPYRwkOc9AwkCRM6lzGZv2MOZbOnI=260) Jason E. Chung, Kristin K. Sellers, Matthew K. Leonard, Laura Gwilliams, Duo Xu, Maximilian E. Dougherty, Viktor Kharazia, Sean L. Metzger, Marleen Welkenhuysen, Barundeb Dutta, Edward F. Chang Recent technologies have enabled simultaneous recording from large numbers of individual neurons in animal models. Here, Chung, Sellers, et al. translate this technology to record from tens to hundreds of individual neurons in humans undergoing neurosurgical procedures. They provide quantitative unit metrics to serve as a benchmark for recording quality. Articles --------------------------------------------------------------- [Neuronal NLRP3 is a parkin substrate that drives neurodegeneration in Parkinson’s disease](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(22)00450-0%3Fdgcid=raven_jbs_etoc_email/1/01000182693a0a5a-98493c25-966e-4aba-a8ae-764baf8ccc67-000000/7c5EpmimPQUhTP-1e6M4X03s9StB8zt_qvoi6qS5wOs=260) Nikhil Panicker, Tae-In Kam, Hu Wang, Stewart Neifert, Shih-Ching Chou, Manoj Kumar, Saurav Brahmachari, Aanishaa Jhaldiyal, Jared T. Hinkle, Fatih Akkentli, Xiaobo Mao, Enquan Xu, Senthilkumar S. Karuppagounder, Eric T. Hsu, Sung-Ung Kang, Olga Pletnikova, Juan Troncoso, Valina L. Dawson, Ted M. Dawson Inflammasomes are multimeric signaling platforms traditionally shown to be assembled in immune cells. Here, Panicker et al. show that inactivation of the E3 ligase parkin from dopamine neurons results in spontaneous activation of the neuronal NLRP3 inflammasome, contributing to dopamine neuron death and neurodegeneration in Parkinson’s disease. [GluN3A excitatory glycine receptors control adult cortical and amygdalar circuits](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(22)00457-3%3Fdgcid=raven_jbs_etoc_email/1/01000182693a0a5a-98493c25-966e-4aba-a8ae-764baf8ccc67-000000/sha1OB3wD3WEmJ2yFiJmDSh7CBqGpxUAipUTswdFqjc=260) Simon Bossi, Dhanasak Dhanasobhon, Graham C.R. Ellis-Davies, Jimena Frontera, Marcel de Brito Van Velze, Joana Lourenço, Alvaro Murillo, Rafael Luján, Mariano Casado, Isabel Perez-Otaño, Alberto Bacci, Daniela Popa, Pierre Paoletti, Nelson Rebola Open Access Bossi et al. show that GluN3A subunits control the activity of selective neuronal populations in the adult mouse brain via the formation of excitatory glycine GluN1/GluN3A receptors (eGlyRs). Functional analysis reveals that eGlyRs regulate the recruitment of somatostatin-positive interneurons in the neocortex and participate in the stability of fear memories in the BLA. [A single vomeronasal receptor promotes intermale aggression through dedicated hypothalamic neurons](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(22)00410-X%3Fdgcid=raven_jbs_etoc_email/1/01000182693a0a5a-98493c25-966e-4aba-a8ae-764baf8ccc67-000000/XDnNctIy9id2MLmnpeld2zMYWYiWM4uw9sP9IvDyM90=260) Takumi Itakura, Ken Murata, Kazunari Miyamichi, Kentaro K. Ishii, Yoshihiro Yoshihara, Kazushige Touhara Pheromonal information is known to be crucial for regulating intermale aggression, but how do pheromones trigger aggression? Itakura and Murata et al. identify one specific murine vomeronasal receptor, Vmn2r53, that receives male urinary pheromone. Sensory input from Vmn2r53 activates the hypothalamic circuit with a social-experience-dependent modulation, resulting in aggression enhancement. [Dynamic causal communication channels between neocortical areas](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(22)00452-4%3Fdgcid=raven_jbs_etoc_email/1/01000182693a0a5a-98493c25-966e-4aba-a8ae-764baf8ccc67-000000/MWWppXR02fImGk2e_xYCJg7FHgOdD66l1xTad0mhiYc=260) Mitra Javadzadeh, Sonja B. Hofer Open Access How do brain regions influence each other? Javadzadeh and Hofer use a causal approach to study cortical interactions. They find that communication subspaces between areas—the channels by which they interact—are not static over time but re-organize rapidly over timescales as short as tens of milliseconds. [Shared and specialized coding across posterior cortical areas for dynamic navigation decisions](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(22)00453-6%3Fdgcid=raven_jbs_etoc_email/1/01000182693a0a5a-98493c25-966e-4aba-a8ae-764baf8ccc67-000000/cSqrYU6aYHjLHtKPlxiBe0v2w20SfXmrDx4djNqJUns=260) Shih-Yi Tseng, Selmaan N. Chettih, Charlotte Arlt, Roberto Barroso-Luque, Christopher D. Harvey Open Access In mice navigating in dynamic environments, Tseng, Chettih, et al. find highly distributed but specialized encoding of visual, cognitive, and locomotor signals in the posterior cortex with similar conjunctive codes across areas. They propose that the posterior cortex integrates distinct information modalities to form a general-purpose state representation of the environment and behavior. [Dynamic task-belief is an integral part of decision-making](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(22)00451-2%3Fdgcid=raven_jbs_etoc_email/1/01000182693a0a5a-98493c25-966e-4aba-a8ae-764baf8ccc67-000000/6CsE7D3WeOCMt2zEvusYiKPzDRzZRFBf2THB_JGY34s=260) Cheng Xue, Lily E. Kramer, Marlene R. Cohen Xue, Kramer, and Cohen studied decision-making when, as in real life, what needs to be decided is uncertain and changing. Interestingly, subjective beliefs about the task have inextricable neuronal links to perceptual decision-making. This suggests that task-switching and perceptual decision-making belong to a very integrated system in the brain. 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