Neuron: July 3, 2019 (Volume 103, Issue 1)

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[Memo1-Mediated Tiling of Radial Glial Cells Facilitates Cerebral Cortical Development](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(19)30525-2/1/0100016bb8c69a28-b8a0ecba-544e-487f-b64b-ae994229d737-000000/k3clyDvP_hI6ZuPOhMz5rHlRd4A=116) Nakagawa et al. Video Abstract --------------------------------------------------------------- %2F%2Fyoutu.be%2FecVMVHyenC8/1/0100016bb8c69a28-b8a0ecba-544e-487f-b64b-ae994229d737-000000/F--70qxYk4RV4Iq-AuhayucK9vU=116 [Cellular-Resolution Atlas for Dissecting Zebrafish Brain Function](%2F%2Fyoutu.be%2FecVMVHyenC8/2/0100016bb8c69a28-b8a0ecba-544e-487f-b64b-ae994229d737-000000/BkHDVipVxFuSAWUIBqurUwMDenY=116) [Kunst et al.](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(19)30391-5/1/0100016bb8c69a28-b8a0ecba-544e-487f-b64b-ae994229d737-000000/6450PDr0DOrpD_1wQcIqAaOonJU=116) developed a cellular-resolution atlas of the larval zebrafish brain ([(%2F%2Ffishatlas.neuro.mpg.de%2Fzebrafishatlas%2F/1/0100016bb8c69a28-b8a0ecba-544e-487f-b64b-ae994229d737-000000/6Kb0LWGMpWu-15gmxLmxMJ2zg88=116)), which [Kramer et al.](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(19)30375-7/1/0100016bb8c69a28-b8a0ecba-544e-487f-b64b-ae994229d737-000000/Fil-bXSxRNboUpoEleNREQYnAm4=116) used to discover key anatomical pathways of the optic flow-processing circuit. Together, these studies identified circuit mechanisms underlying behavior by combining anatomical and functional analyses. Table of Contents Previews --------------------------------------------------------------- [Visualizing Infralimbic Control over Incubation of Cocaine Craving](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(19)30558-6%3Fdgcid=raven_jbs_etoc_email/1/0100016bb8c69a28-b8a0ecba-544e-487f-b64b-ae994229d737-000000/7LHCId6xvZdIkaAq3aPUAQS59VQ=116) Phillip Jean-Richard-dit-Bressel, Gavan P. McNally The infralimbic prefrontal cortex serves complex roles in controlling drug-seeking behavior. In this issue of Neuron, Cameron et al. (2019) provide new insights into engagement and function of the infralimbic cortex → nucleus accumbens corticostriatal pathway in the incubation of cocaine craving. [Interneurons Tap the Brakes on Learning](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(19)30557-4%3Fdgcid=raven_jbs_etoc_email/1/0100016bb8c69a28-b8a0ecba-544e-487f-b64b-ae994229d737-000000/vGAYhFcmEr7Tg2otoCwbvJMWRxk=116) Ayaka Hachisuka, Sotiris C. Masmanidis Little was previously known about the behavioral role of low-threshold spiking interneurons in the striatum. In this issue of Neuron, Holly et al. (2019) show that their activity can slow the acquisition of novel action-outcome associations. [Bursting Enables GRP Neurons to Engage Spinal Itch Circuits](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(19)30559-8%3Fdgcid=raven_jbs_etoc_email/1/0100016bb8c69a28-b8a0ecba-544e-487f-b64b-ae994229d737-000000/_ZCDCrGfjAG1KzEBQcVvJEO3CU0=116) Hugues Petitjean, Philippe Seguéla, Reza Sharif-Naeini In this issue of Neuron, Pagani et al. (2019) find that itch signaling occurs only when GRP neurons fire action potentials in bursts. This enables GRP release and the activation of GRPR neurons, which help carry the itch signal to the brain. Review --------------------------------------------------------------- [Mechanisms of Noise-Induced Tinnitus: Insights from Cellular Studies](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(19)30433-7%3Fdgcid=raven_jbs_etoc_email/1/0100016bb8c69a28-b8a0ecba-544e-487f-b64b-ae994229d737-000000/eWkuaf0dstYiMKc9y5m5o2_QXBY=116) Susan E. Shore, Calvin Wu In “Mechanisms of Noise-Induced Tinnitus: Insights from Cellular Studies,” Shore and Wu discuss single-neuron studies showing distinct brainstem signatures in animals with behavioral evidence of tinnitus. Transmission of tinnitus-specific, synchronous activity to cortex is necessary for eventual phantom perception. Neuroresource --------------------------------------------------------------- [A Cellular-Resolution Atlas of the Larval Zebrafish Brain](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(19)30391-5%3Fdgcid=raven_jbs_etoc_email/1/0100016bb8c69a28-b8a0ecba-544e-487f-b64b-ae994229d737-000000/VeXazfUoebznkPfNlc9o47IkcHw=116) Michael Kunst, Eva Laurell, Nouwar Mokayes, Anna Kramer, Fumi Kubo, António M. Fernandes, Dominique Förster, Marco Dal Maschio, Herwig Baier Kunst et al. generated a digital atlas of the larval zebrafish brain containing over 2,000 neuron morphologies, most of them previously unknown. These data are used to generate the first brain-wide wiring diagram with single-cell resolution for a vertebrate species. Articles --------------------------------------------------------------- [Elevating Growth Factor Responsiveness and Axon Regeneration by Modulating Presynaptic Inputs](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(19)30390-3%3Fdgcid=raven_jbs_etoc_email/1/0100016bb8c69a28-b8a0ecba-544e-487f-b64b-ae994229d737-000000/RMvqUXhhUmCB4ENOfkvm_ALmSR4=116) Yiling Zhang, Philip R. Williams, Anne Jacobi, Chen Wang, Anurag Goel, Arlene A. Hirano, Nicholas C. Brecha, Daniel Kerschensteiner, Zhigang He Zhang et al. (2019) find that amacrine cell hyperactivation after RGC axotomy prevents IGF1 responsiveness. Blocking amacrine cell synaptic activity potentiates IGF1-mediated axon regeneration by maintaining IGF1R localization to primary cilia, a localization that is normally lost in injured RGCs. [Glutathione S-Transferase Regulates Mitochondrial Populations in Axons through Increased Glutathione Oxidation](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(19)30374-5%3Fdgcid=raven_jbs_etoc_email/1/0100016bb8c69a28-b8a0ecba-544e-487f-b64b-ae994229d737-000000/QMe2KrqgYHPI3T3OuUIgfX7TyPg=116) Gaynor A. Smith, Tzu-Huai Lin, Amy E. Sheehan, Wynand Van der Goes van Naters, Lukas J. Neukomm, Hillary K. Graves, Dana M. Bis-Brewer, Stephan Züchner, Marc R. Freeman Open Access Smith and Lin et al. identify a glutathione S-transferase that decreases mitochondrial fusion in axons of neurons through unbiased genetic screening using Drosophila. gfzf mutants induce sustained hyperfusion through an enhanced oxidation of glutathione that increases the function of mitofusin. [Transient Confinement of CaV2.1 Ca2+-Channel Splice Variants Shapes Synaptic Short-Term Plasticity](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(19)30387-3%3Fdgcid=raven_jbs_etoc_email/1/0100016bb8c69a28-b8a0ecba-544e-487f-b64b-ae994229d737-000000/XWWakwEW2fjWULaPLl5t2jq4iLU=116) Jennifer Heck, Pierre Parutto, Anna Ciuraszkiewicz, Arthur Bikbaev, Romy Freund, Jessica Mitlöhner, Maria Andres-Alonso, Anna Fejtova, David Holcman, Martin Heine Presynaptic CaV2.1 channels are confined in nanodomains, for which size and dwell time are modulated by network activity. Heck et al. show that changing the affinity to scaffold proteins by alternative splicing of CaV2.1 directly affects short-term plasticity. [Increased Cocaine Motivation Is Associated with Degraded Spatial and Temporal Representations in IL-NAc Neurons](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(19)30350-2%3Fdgcid=raven_jbs_etoc_email/1/0100016bb8c69a28-b8a0ecba-544e-487f-b64b-ae994229d737-000000/nhJXGQ03g390dJa-up-s3iVviA0=116) Courtney M. Cameron, Malavika Murugan, Jung Yoon Choi, Esteban A. Engel, Ilana B. Witten Cameron et al. report that spatial and temporal representations in IL-NAc neurons during drug seeking are degraded after a drug-free period. The disengagement of this “anti-relapse” projection may contribute to heightened drug seeking that results from a drug-free period. [Striatal Low-Threshold Spiking Interneurons Regulate Goal-Directed Learning](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(19)30351-4%3Fdgcid=raven_jbs_etoc_email/1/0100016bb8c69a28-b8a0ecba-544e-487f-b64b-ae994229d737-000000/z4v83JqskRiYkqSSkXz5P_6s2K8=116) Elizabeth N. Holly, M. Felicia Davatolhagh, Kyuhyun Choi, Opeyemi O. Alabi, Luigim Vargas Cifuentes, Marc V. Fuccillo The functional role of dorsomedial striatum low-threshold spiking interneurons (LTSIs) in behavior has been largely unexplored. Holly et al. show that LTSIs have reward outcome-associated activity that decreases with and causally modulates goal-directed learning. [How Gastrin-Releasing Peptide Opens the Spinal Gate for Itch](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(19)30379-4%3Fdgcid=raven_jbs_etoc_email/1/0100016bb8c69a28-b8a0ecba-544e-487f-b64b-ae994229d737-000000/gdPZRReydrt22Eun4ha4hLi6QGQ=116) Martina Pagani, Gioele W. Albisetti, Nandhini Sivakumar, Hendrik Wildner, Mirko Santello, Helge C. Johannssen, Hanns Ulrich Zeilhofer Open Access Pagani et al. investigated the temporal and spatial signature of GRP signaling, a key element of spinal itch relay. They find that GRP signals build up slowly and rather diffusely during stimulation, possibly explaining why itch is difficult to localize. [Neuronal Architecture of a Visual Center that Processes Optic Flow](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(19)30375-7%3Fdgcid=raven_jbs_etoc_email/1/0100016bb8c69a28-b8a0ecba-544e-487f-b64b-ae994229d737-000000/WV3vcaE5kQNHI6BcPimSrfSjKSc=116) Anna Kramer, Yunmin Wu, Herwig Baier, Fumi Kubo Based on the projection patterns of functionally identified neurons in zebrafish pretectum, Kramer et al. propose that monocular direction-selective neurons combine retinal inputs to generate binocular optic flow responses. Single-neuron tracings highlight two downstream pathways to hindbrain motor centers. [A Fear Memory Engram and Its Plasticity in the Hypothalamic Oxytocin System](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(19)30386-1%3Fdgcid=raven_jbs_etoc_email/1/0100016bb8c69a28-b8a0ecba-544e-487f-b64b-ae994229d737-000000/O0_-ZRDy2vBPSYJspGAKbpzye8k=116) Mazahir T. Hasan, Ferdinand Althammer, Miriam Silva da Gouveia, Stephanie Goyon, Marina Eliava, Arthur Lefevre, Damien Kerspern, Jonas Schimmer, Androniki Raftogianni, Jerome Wahis, H. Sophie Knobloch-Bollmann, Yan Tang, Xinying Liu, Apar Jain, Virginie Chavant, Yannick Goumon, Jan-Marek Weislogel, René Hurlemann, Sabine C. Herpertz, Claudia Pitzer, Pascal Darbon, Godwin K. Dogbevia, Ilaria Bertocchi, Matthew E. Larkum, Rolf Sprengel, Hilmar Bading, Alexandre Charlet, Valery Grinevich Hasan et al. developed a novel genetic method, vGATE, to tag a context-specific fear memory engram in the hypothalamic oxytocin system that participates in rapid unfreezing, extinction, and enhanced glutamatergic transmission. [A Flexible Model of Working Memory](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(19)30377-0%3Fdgcid=raven_jbs_etoc_email/1/0100016bb8c69a28-b8a0ecba-544e-487f-b64b-ae994229d737-000000/bFKQE7yikajfBsHnPynXHFkfhRs=116) Flora Bouchacourt, Timothy J. Buschman Working memory is highly flexible; one can hold anything “in mind.” Bouchacourt and Buschman present a model of working memory that uses random connections to flexibly maintain any input. Many behavioral and neurophysiological characteristics of working memory are also captured. [Rapid Invariant Encoding of Scene Layout in Human OPA](%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fneuron%2Ffulltext%2FS0896-6273(19)30349-6%3Fdgcid=raven_jbs_etoc_email/1/0100016bb8c69a28-b8a0ecba-544e-487f-b64b-ae994229d737-000000/FktQAzfCCYWZQcwck6Vbub_ht1g=116) Linda Henriksson, Marieke Mur, Nikolaus Kriegeskorte Environmental boundaries, such as walls, define the geometry of the local environment. How do our brains extract this information from the visual input? Using brain imaging, Henriksson et al. show that scene layout is encoded by the scene-responsive OPA. 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