The Small Biotech Scaring Big Pharma

There's one tiny biotech on the verge of a breakthrough dementia treatment... [Animation Logo](     Oct 28, 2023 CAN'T SEE PICTURES? [CLICK HERE]( Oct 28, 2023 CAN'T SEE PICTURES? [CLICK HERE]( Upon the death of magnate Stanisław Koniecpolski (March 1646) his successor, Aleksander, redrew the maps of his possessions. He laid claim to Khmelnytsky's estate, claiming it as his. Trying to find protection from this grab by the powerful magnate, Khmelnytsky wrote numerous appeals and letters to different representatives of the Polish crown but to no avail. At the end of 1645 the Chyhyryn starosta Daniel Czapliński officially received authority from Koniecpolski to seize Khmelnytsky's Subotiv estate. In the summer of 1646, Khmelnytsky arranged an audience with King Władysław IV to plead his case, as he had favourable standing at the court. Władysław, who wanted Cossacks on his side in the wars he planned, gave Khmelnytsky a royal charter, protecting his rights to the Subotiv estate. But, because of the structure of the Commonwealth at that time and the lawlessness of Ukraine, even the King was not able to prevent a confrontation with local magnates. In the beginning of 1647, Daniel Czapliński started to harass Khmelnytsky in order to force him off the land. On two occasions the magnate had Subotiv raided: considerable property damage was done and Khmelnytsky's son Yuriy was badly beaten. Finally, in April 1647, Czapliński succeeded in evicting Khmelnytsky from the land, and he was forced to move with his large family to a relative's house in Chyhyryn. In May 1647, Khmelnytsky arranged a second audience with the king to plead his case but found him unwilling to confront a powerful magnate. In addition to losing the estate, Khmelnytsky suffered the loss of his wife Hanna, and he was left alone with their children. He promptly remarried, to Motrona (Helena Czaplińska), by that time wife of Daniel Czapliński, the so-called "Helen of the steppe". He was less successful in real estate, and was unable to regain the land and property of his estate or financial compensation for it. During this time, he met several higher Polish officials to discuss the Cossacks' war with the Tatars, and used this occasion again to plead his case with Czapliński, still unsuccessfully. At the end of 1647 Khmelnytsky reached the estuary of the Dnieper river. On 7 December, his small detachment (300–500 men), with the help of registered Cossacks who went over to his side, disarmed the small Polish detachment guarding the area and took over the Zaporozhian Sich.[citation needed] The Poles attempted to retake the Sich but were decisively defeated as more registered Cossacks joined the forces. At the end of January 1648, a Cossack Rada was called and Khmelnytsky was unanimously elected a hetman. A period of feverish activity followed. Cossacks were sent with hetman's letters to many regions of Ukraine calling on Cossacks and Orthodox peasants to join the rebellion, Khortytsia was fortified, efforts were made to acquire and make weapons and ammunition, and emissaries were sent to the Khan of Crimea, Ä°slâm III Giray. Initially, Polish authorities took the news of Khmelnytsky's arrival at the Sich and reports about the rebellion lightly. The two sides exchanged lists of demands: the Poles asked the Cossacks to surrender the mutinous leader and disband, while Khmelnytsky and the Rada demanded that the Commonwealth restore the Cossacks' ancient rights, stop the advance of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church, yield the right to appoint Orthodox leaders of the Sich and of the Registered Cossack regiments, and to remove Commonwealth troops from Ukraine.[35] The Polish magnates considered the demands an affront, and an army headed by Stefan Potocki moved in the direction of the Sich. Had the Cossacks stayed at Khortytsia, they might have been defeated, as in many other rebellions. However, Khmelnytsky marched against the Poles. The two armies met on 16 May 1648 at Zhovti Vody, where, aided by the Tatars of Tugay Bey, the Cossacks inflicted their first crushing defeat on the Commonwealth. It was repeated soon afterwards, with the same success, at the Battle of Korsuń on 26 May 1648. Khmelnytsky used his diplomatic and military skills: under his leadership, the Cossack army moved to battle positions following his plans, Cossacks were proactive and decisive in their manoeuvrers and attacks, and most importantly, he gained the support of both large contingents of registered Cossacks and the Crimean Khan, his crucial ally for the many battles to come.   The Small Biotech Scaring Big Pharma [Major biotechnological discoveries]( There's one tiny biotech on the verge of a breakthrough dementia treatment... Biogen, the only biotech to get a new Alzheimer's drug approved in the past 20 years, made a $1 billion investment in this company. [Get the name of the small biotech here ]( "The Buck Stops Here," [Signature Dylan Jovine] Bohdan Zynovii Mykhailovych Khmelnytskyi (Ruthenian: Ѕѣнові Богданъ Хмелнiцкiи;[1] modern Ukrainian: Богдан Зиновій Михайлович Хмельницький; c. 1595 – 6 August 1657) was a Ruthenian nobleman and military commander of Ukrainian Cossacks[2][3][4][5][6][7][8] as Hetman of the Zaporozhian Host, which was then under the suzerainty of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. He led an uprising against the Commonwealth and its magnates (1648–1654) that resulted in the creation of an independent Cossack state in Ukraine. In 1654, he concluded the Treaty of Pereyaslav with the Russian Tsar and allied the Cossack Hetmanate with Tsardom of Russia, thus placing central Ukraine under Russian protection.[9] During the uprising the Cossacks led a massacre of thousands of Jewish people during 1648–1649 as one of the most traumatic events in the history of the Jews in Ukraine and Ukrainian nationalism.[10] Early life Bohdan Khmelnytsky Coat of arms Noble family Khmelnytsky family Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth during the reign of Władysław IV, c. 1635 Although there is no definite proof of the date of Khmelnytsky's birth, Ukrainian-born historian Mykhaylo Maksymovych suggests that it is likely 27 December 1595 Julian (St. Theodore's[11] day). As was the custom in the Orthodox Church, he was baptized with one of his middle names, Theodor, translated into Ukrainian as Bohdan. A biography of Khmelnytsky by Smoliy and Stepankov, however, suggests that it is more likely he was born on 9 November (feast day of St Zenoby,[12] 30 October in Julian calendar) and was baptized on 11 November (feast day of St. Theodore in the Catholic Church).[13] [Footer Logo]( This editorial email containing advertisements was sent to {EMAIL} because you subscribed to this service. To stop receiving these emails, click [unsubscribe](. Polaris Advertising welcomes your feedback and questions. But please note: The law prohibits us from giving personalized advice. To ensure our emails continue reaching your inbox, please add our email address to your address book. To contact Us, call toll free Domestic/International: +1 (302) 499-2858 Mon–Fri, 9am–5pm ET, or email us support@polarisadvertising.com. 124 Broadkill Rd 4 Milton, DE 19968. Any reproduction, copying, or redistribution of our content, in whole or in part, is prohibited without written permission from Polaris Advertising. © 2023 Polaris Advertising. All rights reserved. Khmelnytsky was probably born in the village of Subotiv, near Chyhyryn in the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland at the estate of his father Mykhailo Khmelnytsky.[14] He was born into Ukrainian lesser nobility.[2] His father was a courtier of Great Crown Hetman Stanisław Żółkiewski, but later joined the court of his son-in-law Jan Daniłowicz, who in 1597 became starosta of Korsuń and Chyhyryn and appointed Mykhailo as his deputy in Chyhyryn (pidstarosta). For his service, he was granted a strip of land near the town, where Mykhailo set up a khutor Subotiv. There has been controversy as to whether Bohdan and his father belonged to the Szlachta (Polish term for noblemen).[15] Some sources state that in 1590 his father Mykhailo was appointed as a sotnyk for the Korsun-Chyhyryn starosta Jan Daniłowicz, who continued to colonize the new Ukrainian lands near the Dnieper river.[16] Khmelnytsky identified as a noble, and his father's status as a pidstarosta of Chyhyryn helped him to be considered as such by others. During the Uprising, however, Khmelnytsky would stress his mother's Cossack roots and his father's exploits with the Cossacks of the Sich.[citation needed] Khmelnytsky attended a Jesuit college, possibly in Jarosław, but more likely in Lviv in the school founded by hetman Żółkiewski. He completed his schooling by 1617, acquiring a broad knowledge of world history and learning Polish and Latin. Later he learned Turkish, Tatar, and French. Unlike many of the other Jesuit students, he did not embrace Roman Catholicism but remained Orthodox Народився Іван Сірко на Поділлі, походив із родини дрібної православної української шляхти. Час його народження, ймовірно, припадає десь на початок XVII ст. Уже на схилі віку він згадує в листі, до російського царя Олексія Михайловича, що наприкінці двадцятих років йому разом із Богданом Хмельницьким випало бути в морському поході запорозьких козаків проти турецької фортеці Трапезунд. З українським гетьманом також перебував 1646 р. у Франції, спільно з армією принца Конде воював під Дюнкерком. В історичних документах зафіксована участь Івана Сірка у визвольній війні українського народу проти панування шляхетської Польщі, зокрема в битві під Жванцем 1653 р. Два з половиною десятиріччя Сірко боронив рідну землю від ханських орд і ніколи не знав поразки (явище у світовій історії унікальне). Він провів близько ста великих і малих походів козаків у Крим і ногайські улуси, давав відсіч ордам, що вдиралися на територію України, намагався перешкодити грабіжницьким нападам ворогів. Іван Сірко заявляв: «Бог свідок моєї душі, що я ніколи не ходив в Україну з тим, щоб руйнувати мою Батьківщину; не хвалячись, правду говорю, що всі мої заходи й намагання спрямовані на те, щоб робити шкоду нашим ворогам, бусерменам». Запорожці під його орудою вели розвідку в степу й пониззі Дніпра, влаштовували засідки біля переправ та обіч шляхів, чатували на «морських» розливах, громили загони, які поверталися в Крим із полоненими і здобиччю. З запорожцями Іван Сірко вирушав у походи під Перекоп, на татарські фортеці в пониззях Дніпра, на Очаків, Аккерман, Бендери, на буджацьких татар, Чорний і Кучманський шляхи. Походи здійснювалися човнами Дніпром, верхи степами, використовували козаки славнозвісний табір, були у них і армати. Своєю ініціативою, енергією і воєнною вдачею Сірко здобув собі на Запорожжі небувалу шану. Коли після смерті Богдана Хмельницького між старшиною спалахнула жорстока боротьба за булаву, Іван Сірко, якого ніколи не вабили гетьманські клейноди і котрий не прагнув використати свою величезну популярність і любов народу для захоплення влади, не втручався у ці чвари. Тяжко переживаючи страждання України, що виникли внаслідок внутрішніх міжусобиць і зазіхань чужинців, добре розумів ті приховані мотиви, якими керувалися гетьмани в боротьбі за владу. Згодом, у 1674 р., він говорив: «Тепер у нас чотири гетьмани: Самойлович, Суховій, Ханенко, Дорошенко, та ні від кого нічого доброго нема; вдома сидять і тільки християнську кров проливають за гетьманство, за маєтності, за млини». [Footer Logo]( Upon completion of his studies in 1617, Khmelnytsky entered into service with the Cossacks. As early as 1619, he was sent together with his father to Moldavia, when the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth entered into war against the Ottoman Empire. During the battle of Cecora (Țuțora) on 17 September 1620, his father was killed, and young Khmelnytsky, among many others including future hetman Stanisław Koniecpolski, was captured by the Turks. He spent the next two years in captivity in Constantinople as a prisoner of an Ottoman Kapudan Pasha (presumably Parlak Mustafa Pasha).[17] Other sources claim that he spent his slavery in Ottoman Navy on galleys as an oarsman, where he picked up a knowledge of Turkic languages.[18] While there is no concrete evidence as to his return to Ukraine, most historians believe Khmelnytsky either escaped or was ransomed. Sources vary as to his benefactor – his mother, friends, the Polish king – but perhaps by Krzysztof Zbaraski, ambassador of the Commonwealth to the Ottomans. In 1622 he paid 30,000 thalers in ransom for all prisoners of war captured at the Battle of Cecora. Upon return to Subotiv, Khmelnytsky took over operating his father's estate and became a registered Cossack in the Chyhyryn Regiment. He most likely did not take part in any of the Cossack uprisings that broke out in Ukraine at that time. His loyal service achieved him the rank of military clerk (pisarz wojskowy) of the registered Cossacks in 1637. It happened after the capitulation of the Pavlyuk uprising in the town Borowica on 24 December 1637, when field hetman Mikołaj Potocki appointed new Cossack eldership. He had to do it because some of the elders either joined Pavlyuk or were killed by him (like former military clerk, Teodor Onuszkowicz).[19] Because of his new position Khmelnytsky was the one who prepared and signed an act of capitulation.[20] Fighting didn't stop in Borowica, rebel Cossacks rose up again under the new command of Ostryanyn and Hunia in the spring next year. Mikołaj Potocki was successful again and after a six week long siege, the rebel Cossacks were forced to capitulate on 3 August 1638. Like the year before, some registered Cossacks joined the rebels, while some of them remained loyal. Unlike the last time, Potocki decided not to punish the rebel Cossacks, but forced all of them to swear loyalty to the king and the state and swear not to seek revenge against each other. The Hetman also agreed to their request to send emissaries to the king to seek royal grace and preserve Cossack rights. They were elected on a council on 9 September 1638 in Kyiv. Bohdan Khmelnytsky was one of them; the other three were Iwan Bojaryn, colonel of Kaniów, Roman Połowiec and Jan Wołczenko.[21] The emissaries didn't achieve much, mostly because all decisions were already made by the Sejm earlier this year, when deputies accepted the project presented by the grand Hetman Stanisław Koniecpolski.[22] Cossacks were forced to accept harsh new terms at the next council in Masłowy Staw, at the Ros river. According to one of the articles of the Ordynacya Woyska Zaporowskiego ("Ordinance of the Zaporozhian Army") registered Cossacks lost the right to elect their own officers and a commander, called elder (starszy) or commissar. From now on, the elder was to be nominated by the Sejm, from the Grand Hetman’s recommendation. The Grand Hetman also got the right to appoint all officers. Commissars, colonels and osauls had to be a noblemen, while sotniks and atamans had to be Cossacks, who were "distinguished in a service for Us and the Commonwealth".[23] Khmelnytsky became one of the sotniks of Chyhryn regiment. This editorial email containing advertisements was sent to {EMAIL} because you subscribed to this service. To stop receiving these emails, click [unsubscribe](. Polaris Advertising welcomes your feedback and questions. But please note: The law prohibits us from giving personalized advice. To ensure our emails continue reaching your inbox, please add our email address to your address book. To contact Us, call toll free Domestic/International: +1 (302) 499-2858 Mon–Fri, 9am–5pm ET, or email us support@polarisadvertising.com. 124 Broadkill Rd 4 Milton, DE 19968. Any reproduction, copying, or redistribution of our content, in whole or in part, is prohibited without written permission from Polaris Advertising. © 2023 Polaris Advertising. All rights reserved. In 1663 in Paris Pierre Chevalier published a book about Cossack uprising called Histoire de la guerre des Cosaques contre la Pologne, which he dedicated to Nicolas Léonor de Flesselles, count de Brégy, who was an ambassador to Poland in 1645.[24] In the dedication he described the meeting de Brégy had with Khmelnytsky in France, and group of Cossacks he brought to France to fight against Spain in Flanders.[25] Chevalier also claimed that he himself commanded Cossacks in Flanders.[26] Although in distant parts of the book Chevalier doesn't mention either Cossacks or Khmelnytsky even once. In his other writing, Relation des Cosaques (avec la vie de Kmielniski, tirée d’un Manuscrit), published the same year, which also contains a biography of Khmelnytsky, there is no mention about his or any other Cossacks stay in France or Flanders.[27] Moreover first Chevalier book is the only source that mention such an event, there is not trace of it even in correspondence of count de Brègy.[28] Although it is true that he was conducting a recruitment of soldiers in Poland for French army in years 1646-1648. In fact he succeeded and about 3000 of them travelled via Gdańsk to Flanders and took part in fights around Dunkirk. French sources describes them as infanterie tout Poulonnois qu’Allemand.[29] They were commanded by colonels Krzysztof Przyjemski, Andrzej Przyjemski and Georges Cabray. Second recruitment that shipped off in 1647 were commanded by Jan Pleitner, Dutch military engineer in service of Władysław IV and Jan Denhoff, colonel of Royal Guard.[30] 17th century French historian Jean-François Sarasіn in his Histoire de siège de Dunkerque when describing participation of Polish mercenaries in fights over Dunkirk, notes that they were commanded by some "Sirot".[31] Some historians identify him as Ivan Sirko, Cossack ataman. Claims that Khmelnytsky and Cossacks were actually in France are supported by some Ukrainian historians, while other and most Polish scholarship finds it unlikely.[32]