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✖️ 406 miles south of the Georgia jаil… inside one of the most advanced tech factories in history… A revolutionary new technology is rolling off of the production line… a technology that major Wall Street players and tech insidеrs don’t want you to know about… [Cross Market Review]( At Cross Market Review, we are serious about being your “eyes and ears” for special opportunities for you to take advantage of. The message below from one of our partners is one we think you should take a close look at. [--------------][--------------] Flags of international organizations[edit] United Nations[edit] The flag of the United Nations. The flag of the United Nations. Main article: Flag of the United Nations The United Nations is an intergovernmental organization whose stated purposes are to maintain international peace and security, develop friendly relations among nations, achieve international cooperation, and be a centre for harmonizing the actions of nations.[21] It is the world's largest and most familiar international organization.[22] It consists of 193 members, representing almost all of the world's sovereign states.[23] Its flag consists of the white emblem on the sky blue background. The emblem depicts a azimuthal equidistant projection of the world map, centred on the North Pole, with the globe being bisected in the centre by the Prime meridian and the International Date Line, thus ensuring that no country is at prominence within the flag. The projection of the map extends to 60 degrees south latitude, and includes five concentric circles. The map is inscribed in a wreath consisting of crossed conventionalized branches of the olive tree. The size of the emblem on the flag is one half the width of the flag itself. The flag proportions of the aspect ratio of the flag height to its width, are equal 2:3, 3:5 or to the same proportions as the national flag of any country in which the UN flag is flown. The olive branches are a symbol for peace, and the world map represents all the people and the countries of the world.[24][25] The emblem design was officially adopted on 7 December 1946, and the flag, on 20 October 1947.[24] World Service Authority[edit] The flag of the World Service Authority. The flag of the World Service Authority. Main article: World Service Authority The World Service Authority is a non-profit organization that claims to educate about and promote "world citizenship", "world law", and world government. It is best known for selling unofficial fantasy documents such as World Passports.[26][27] It was founded in 1953 by Garry Davis.[28] Its flag consists of the organization emblem on the yellow background. The emblem depicts a white globe, with green outline, and green lines of the latitude and longitude. Within the globe stands a green figure of a human, reaching with its limbs to the boundaries of the globe.[29] Olympic Games[edit] Main article: Olympic symbols The current flag of the International Olympic Committee, responsible for the Olympic Games, used since 2010. The current flag of the International Olympic Committee, responsible for the Olympic Games, used since 2010. The Olympic Games are the leading international sporting events featuring summer and winter sports competitions in which thousands of athletes from around the world participate in a variety of competitions. They are considered the world's foremost sports competition with more than 200 teams, representing sovereign states and territories, participating.[30] The Olympic Games are organized by the International Olympic Committee, a non-governmental sports organisation, founded in 1894.[31] The Olympic flag depicts five interlocking rings, coloured blue, yellow, black, green, and red on a white field. The number of rings represent the five inhabited continents: Europe, Asia, Africa, Oceania, and the Americas, while the six colours were chosen, as each of the colours appears at least once in the flags of every sovereign state on the world. The flag proportions of the aspect ratio of the flag height to its width, are equal 2:3.[32][33] The symbol was originally created in 1913 by Pierre de Coubertin, co-founder of the International Olympic Committee.[34] It was adopted in 1913, and first hoisted in 1914.[35][36] It officially debuted at the 1920 Summer Olympics in Antwerp, Belgium,[36] and gained popularity and widespread use during the lead-up to the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin.[37] The design of the rings was slightly altered in 1988,[38] and again in 2010.[39] League of Nations[edit] The semi-official flag of the League of Nations. The semi-official flag of the League of Nations. Main article: League of Nations The League of Nations was the first worldwide intergovernmental organisation whose principal mission was to maintain world peace. It was founded on 10 January 1920 by the Paris Peace Conference that ended the First World War. The main organization ceased operations on 20 April 1946 but many of its components were relocated into the new United Nations.[40] The semi-official flag of the League of Nations was created in 1939. It features the organization emblem on the white background, placed in the centre. The emblem consists of a blue pentagon, with a white five-pointed star within it, with each of its points touching its vertexes, and a white five-pointed star placed within the other star, that does not touches its sides. It symbolized five inhabited continents, and "five human races". Above the pentagon is a text written in capital blue letters that reads "League of Nations", while below the pentagon, is text written in the same style, that "Société des Nations". They are written respectively in English, and French, two co-official languages of the League of Nations.[41] In science fiction[edit] Star Trek[edit] In Star Trek science fiction media franchise created by Gene Roddenberry, Earth is governed by a single world government, the United Earth, which itself is a founding member of the United Federation of Planets.[42] In 1991 Star Trek VI: The Undiscovered Country film, set in the year 2293, the flag of the United Earth consists of two equally-sized horizontal stripes, of red and blue colour, with an equilateral triangle at the hoist. Within the white triangle is placed the emblem that features a planet, and rising sun behind it, placed within the light blue circle. It depicts the top half of the globe, placed in the bottom portion of the emblem. The planet includes a coordinate grid, and fictional white landmasses. Behind the globe is depicted a top half of a yellow sixteen-pointed star rising over the planet.[42] In the fourth season of the 2001 Star Trek: Enterprise television series, set in the year 2154, the flag of the United Earth depicts an emblem that includes a circle depicting a map of the world, centred on the prime meridian, and one olive branch placed to the left of the map. The boundary of the circle, landmasses and the branch are colour in golden colour, while the water on the map, in dark blue. The emblem is placed on the white background, slightly off-center to the right. Above and below the emblem are two thin horizontal lines, that consist of small parallelogram placed next to each other. The flag and emblem appears in the episodes "Home", "The Forge", and "Demons". The emblem also appears in the 2020 Star Trek: Lower Decks animated television series, in the episode "An Embarrassment of Dooplers".[42] In the first season of the 2017 Star Trek: Discovery television series, set in the year 2257, the flag of the United Earth consist of the emblem placed on the dark blue background. The emblem includes a circle depicting a map of the world, centred on the Atlantic Ocean, and one olive branch placed to the left of the map. The boundary of the circle, landmasses and the branch are colour in golden colour, while the water on the map, in dark blue. The flag appears in the episode "Will You Take My Hand?".[42] In the fourth season of the 2017 Star Trek: Discovery, set in the year 3190, the Solar System is united under the government of the United Earth and Titan. Its emblem consists of the grey circle with beige boundary. On its right, there are two white circles, placed on the circular lines, symbolizing the two words in the orbits around the Sun, represented in the emblem as a golden half-circle in the top left corner of the emblem. Such emblem appears in the episodes "…But to Connect", and "Coming Home". The alternative version of the emblem shown in the episode "Coming Home" depicts a circle with three smaller circles within it. It includes a circle placed to the right includes a map of the world, centred on the Atlantic Ocean, and two smaller circles placed to its right.[42] In the second season of the 2020 Star Trek: Picard television series, set in the year 2401, the flag of the United Earth consist of the emblem placed on the white background. The emblem includes a circle depicting a map of the world, centred on the Atlantic Ocean, and one olive branch placed to the left of the map. The boundary of the circle, landmasses and the branch are colour in golden colour, while the water on the map, in dark blue.[42] Wall Street Insidеr Rеvеаls: 406 Miles From Тrumр’s Georgia Surrender… Is Where Invеstоrs Should Be Looking. [Сliсk Неrе To Sее The Shосking Fооtаgе]( Futurama[edit] The flag of the Government of Earth, in the Futurama television series. The flag of the Government of Earth, in the Futurama television series. In the 1999 Futurama science fiction comedy television series, set in the 3000s, the Earth is united under a world government. Its flag contains thirteen horizontal stripes, alternating between red and white, with a blue canton in the left top corner, containing a globe, with the Americas prominently depicted in the centre. It was based on the flag of the United States. Its aspect ratio of the height of the flag to its width equals 10:19. The flag appeared for the first time in the episode "When Aliens Attack", and was prominently featured in the episode "A Taste of Freedom".[43][44] The Expanse[edit] In the 2015 science fiction television series The Expanse, set in the 23rd century, the Earth, together with the Moon and several colonies across the Solar System, are governed by the United Nations, that assumed a form of a united world government. Its flag is a modified version of the current flag of the United Nations. It consists of the white emblem placed in the centre, on the dark blue background. The emblem includes a azimuthal equidistant projection of the world map, centred on the North Pole, with the globe being bisected in the centre by the Prime meridian and the International Date Line. The projection of the map extends to 60 degrees south latitude, and includes four concentric circles, with an empty space left in the place, where the most inner circle should be. The projection accounts for the estimates of the sea level rise that is predicted to occur by the 23rd century. As such it depicts altered coast lines of the landmasses. Around the map is placed a circle, with eight smaller circles event distributed around its subconference. They symbolize the Lunar phase, and depicts, from the top clockwise, the first quarter, waxing crescent, new moon, waning crescent, last quarter, waning gibbous, full moon, and waxing gibbous. The elements are inscribed in a wreath consisting of crossed conventionalized branches of the olive tree, which then, are inscribed in two rows of circular lines, cut vertically in the middle. Above the map, between the space left by the lines, are three five-pointed stars, with the middle one, placed higher than the remaining two. Below the emblem, is inscribed text in the white capital letters, that reads "UNITED NATIONS".[45 Proposed flags[edit] Thomas O. Paine's design[edit] A flag design showing Mars as a way station between Earth and the stars. Thomas O. Paine, who served as the third Administrator of NASA, designed a Mars flag in 1984.[1] Paine's Mars flag includes a sliver of Earth near the hoist side of the flag "as a reminder of where we came from, and a star near to the other side, to remind us of where we are going. In the center of the field is a representation of the Mars planet symbol, with its arrow pointing out to the star, acknowledging that Mars is not our destination, merely a way station on a journey that has no ending".[2] Paine's flag design was illustrated by artist Carter Emmart. That illustration was published on the cover of a periodical titled The Planetary Report. According to Emmart, Paine "created the Mars flag as an award to the person or organization that he felt had contributed most to advancing the human exploration of Mars".[3] On November 12, 2005, Ray Bradbury received a Mars flag as a part of the "Thomas O. Paine Award for the Advancement of Human Exploration of Mars". The award was presented to Bradbury during The Planetary Society's 25th Anniversary Awards Dinner.[4] Pascal Lee's design[edit] Pascal Lee's tricolor flag for Mars Pascal Lee, a former NASA research engineer designed a tricolor flag for Mars in 1999. It was flown into space on STS-103 by astronaut John M. Grunsfeld. The sequence of colors, from red, to green, and finally blue, represent the transformation of Mars from a lifeless planet to one teeming with life, as inspired by Kim Stanley Robinson's Mars trilogy of novels. It is also flown at the Flashline Mars Arctic Research Station, on behalf of the Mars Society.[5] In science fiction[edit] In the 1953 Chuck Jones animated cartoon featuring Daffy Duck, Duck Dodgers in the 24½th Century, the character Marvin the Martian carries a pink triangular flag with a red circle. In other depictions, the flag may be rectangular and have the letter M over the circle. In Robert A. Heinlein's 1961 science-fiction novel Stranger in a Strange Land, a flag of Mars is hastily improvised, consisting of "the field in white and the sigil of Mars in red".[6] In his 1994 science-fiction novel Moving Mars, Greg Bear describes the flag of the fictional Federal Republic of Mars as follows: "red Mars and two moons in blue field above a diagonal, white below".[7] In the 1996 film Mars Attacks!, the flag of Mars is green with a black circle in the center, a red pyramid in the middle, and an eye on top. In the 2011 book Leviathan Wakes by James S. A. Corey, the first part of The Expanse series, the flag of Mars is described as depicting the "lonely star, and thirty stripes".[8] However, in the 2015 The Expanse television series, based on The Expanse novel series, the flag of the Martian Congressional Republic (the governing body that rules over the inhabitants of Mars) is divided horizontally into two equal stripes: orange on top, and black on the bottom. In the centre is placed a hollow red circle, symbolizing Mars, with a thin blue crescent attached to its left inner side, symbolizing the terraforming effort, and the limited resources of water and oxygen of the planet's population. In the top stripe, on the left of the circle, slightly above it, is placed a black dot. Accordingly, in the bottom stripe, on the right of the circle, is placed, a slightly smaller, orange dot. They symbolize the moons of the planet, Phobos and Deimos. It was created by graphic designer Jonathan Hunter.[9][10] It’s all a smokescreen… distracting you from the biggest story of the decade… While you are wondering what Тrumр’s mug shot might look like… or if he still has a chance at office… [Тrumр]( The Baikonur Cosmodrome (Gagarin's Start launch pad) Part of a series on Spaceflight History History of spaceflight Space Race Timeline of spaceflight Space probes Lunar missions Applications Earth observation satellites Spy satellites Communications satellites Military satellite Satellite navigation Space telescopes Space exploration Space tourism Space colonization Spacecraft Robotic spacecraft Satellite Space probe Cargo spacecraft Human spaceflight Space capsule Apollo Lunar Module Space Shuttle Space station Spaceplane Space launch Spaceport Launch pad Expendable and reusable launch vehicles Escape velocity Non-rocket spacelaunch Spaceflight types Sub-orbital Orbital Interplanetary Interstellar Intergalactic List of space organizations Space agencies Space forces Companies Spaceflight portal vte A spaceport or cosmodrome is a site for launching or receiving spacecraft, by analogy to a seaport for ships or an airport for aircraft. The word spaceport, and even more so cosmodrome, has traditionally been used for sites capable of launching spacecraft into orbit around Earth or on interplanetary trajectories.[1] However, rocket launch sites for purely sub-orbital flights are sometimes called spaceports, as in recent years new and proposed sites for suborbital human flights have been frequently referred to or named "spaceports". Space stations and proposed future bases on the Moon are sometimes called spaceports, in particular if intended as a base for further journeys.[2] The term rocket launch site is used for any facility from which rockets are launched. It may contain one or more launch pads or suitable sites to mount a transportable launch pad. It is typically surrounded by a large safety area, often called a rocket range or missile range. The range includes the area over which launched rockets are expected to fly, and within which some components of the rockets may land. Tracking stations are sometimes located in the range to assess the progress of the launches.[3] Major spaceports often include more than one launch complex, which can be rocket launch sites adapted for different types of launch vehicles. (These sites can be well-separated for safety reasons.) For launch vehicles with liquid propellant, suitable storage facilities and, in some cases, production facilities are necessary. On-site processing facilities for solid propellants are also common. A spaceport may also include runways for takeoff and landing of aircraft to support spaceport operations, or to enable support of HTHL or HTVL winged launch vehicles. History[edit] The age of crewed rocket flight was initiated by Fritz von Opel who piloted the world's first rocket-propelled flight on 30 September 1929; von Opel was the co-designer and financier of the visionary project which led to actual space flights. Peenemünde, Germany – where the "V-2", the first rocket reaching space in June 1944 was launched The first rockets to reach space were V-2 rockets launched from Peenemünde, Germany in 1944 during World War II.[4] After the war, 70 complete V-2 rockets were brought to White Sands for test launches, with 47 of them reaching altitudes between 100 km and 213 km.[5] The world's first spaceport for orbital and human launches, the Baikonur Cosmodrome in southern Kazakhstan, started as a Soviet military rocket range in 1955. It achieved the first orbital flight (Sputnik 1) in October 1957. The exact location of the cosmodrome was initially held secret. Guesses to its location were misdirected by a name in common with a mining town 320 km away. The position became known in 1957 outside the Soviet Union only after U-2 planes had identified the site by following railway lines in the Kazakh SSR, although Soviet authorities did not confirm the location for decades.[6] The Baikonur Cosmodrome achieved the first launch of a human into space (Yuri Gagarin) in 1961. The launch complex used, Site 1, has reached a special symbolic significance and is commonly called Gagarin's Start. Baikonur was the primary Soviet cosmodrome, and is still frequently used by Russia under a lease arrangement with Kazakhstan. In response to the early Soviet successes, the United States built up a major spaceport complex at Cape Canaveral in Florida. A large number of uncrewed flights, as well as the early human flights, were carried out at Cape Canaveral Space Force Station. For the Apollo programme, an adjacent spaceport, Kennedy Space Center, was constructed, and achieved the first crewed mission to the lunar surface (Apollo 11) in July 1969. It was the base for all Space Shuttle launches and most of their runway landings. For details on the launch complexes of the two spaceports, see List of Cape Canaveral and Merritt Island launch sites. The Guiana Space Centre in Kourou, French Guiana, is the major European spaceport, with satellite launches that benefit from the location 5 degrees north of the equator. In October 2003 the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center achieved the first Chinese human spaceflight. Breaking with tradition, in June 2004 on a runway at Mojave Air and Space Port, California, a human was for the first time launched to space in a privately funded, suborbital spaceflight, that was intended to pave the way for future commercial spaceflights. The spacecraft, SpaceShipOne, was launched by a carrier airplane taking off horizontally. At Cape Canaveral, SpaceX in 2015 made the first successful landing and recovery of a first stage used in a vertical satellite launch.[7] Location[edit] Rockets can most easily reach satellite orbits if launched near the equator in an easterly direction, as this maximizes use of the Earth's rotational speed (465 m/s at the equator). Such launches also provide a desirable orientation for arriving at a geostationary orbit. For polar orbits and Molniya orbits this does not apply. In principle, advantages of high altitude launch are reduced vertical distance to travel and a thinner atmosphere for the rocket to penetrate. However, altitude of the launch site is not a driving factor in spaceport placement because most of the delta-v for a launch is spent on achieving the required horizontal orbital speed. The small gain from a few kilometers of extra altitude does not usually off-set the logistical costs of ground transport in mountainous terrain. Many spaceports have been placed at existing military installations, such as intercontinental ballistic missile ranges, which are not always physically ideal sites for launch. A rocket launch site is built as far as possible away from major population centers in order to mitigate risk to bystanders should a rocket experience a catastrophic failure. In many cases a launch site is built close to major bodies of water to ensure that no components are shed over populated areas. Typically a spaceport site is large enough that, should a vehicle explode, it will not endanger human lives or adjacent launch pads.[8] Planned sites of spaceports for sub-orbital tourist spaceflight often make use of existing ground infrastructure, including runways. The nature of the local view from 100 km (62 mi) altitude is also a factor to consider. Active orbital-launch spaceports in the world. Space tourism[edit] The space tourism industry (see List of private spaceflight companies) is being targeted by spaceports in numerous locations worldwide. e.g. Spaceport America, New Mexico. The establishment of spaceports for tourist trips raises legal issues, which are only beginning to be addressed.[9][10] 406 miles south of the Georgia jаil… inside one of the most advanced tech factories in history… A revolutionary new technology is rolling off of the production line… a technology that major Wall Street players and tech insidеrs don’t want you to know about… A port is a maritime facility comprising one or more wharves or loading areas, where ships load and discharge cargo and passengers. Although usually situated on a sea coast or estuary, ports can also be found far inland, such as Hamburg, Manchester and Duluth; these access the sea via rivers or canals. Because of their roles as ports of entry for immigrants as well as soldiers in wartime, many port cities have experienced dramatic multi-ethnic and multicultural changes throughout their histories.[1] Ports are extremely important to the global economy; 70% of global merchandise trade by value passes through a port.[2] For this reason, ports are also often densely populated settlements that provide the labor for processing and handling goods and related services for the ports. Today by far the greatest growth in port development is in Asia, the continent with some of the world's largest and busiest ports, such as Singapore and the Chinese ports of Shanghai and Ningbo-Zhoushan. As of 2020, the busiest passenger port in Europe is the Port of Helsinki in Finland.[3] Nevertheless, countless smaller ports do exist that may only serve their local tourism or fishing industries. Ports can have a wide environmental impact on local ecologies and waterways, most importantly water quality, which can be caused by dredging, spills and other pollution. Ports are heavily affected by changing environmental factors caused by climate change as most port infrastructure is extremely vulnerable to sea level rise and coastal flooding.[2] Internationally, global ports are beginning to identify ways to improve coastal management practices and integrate climate change adaptation practices into their construction.[2] Historical ports[edit] Main article: Historical ports Wherever ancient civilisations engaged in maritime trade, they tended to develop sea ports. One of the world's oldest known artificial harbors is at Wadi al-Jarf on the Red Sea.[4] Along with the finding of harbor structures, ancient anchors have also been found. Other ancient ports include Guangzhou during Qin Dynasty China and Canopus, the principal Egyptian port for Greek trade before the foundation of Alexandria. In ancient Greece, Athens' port of Piraeus was the base for the Athenian fleet which played a crucial role in the Battle of Salamis against the Persians in 480 BCE. In ancient India from 3700 BCE, Lothal was a prominent city of the Indus valley civilisation, located in the Bhal region of the modern state of Gujarāt.[5] Ostia Antica was the port of ancient Rome with Portus established by Claudius and enlarged by Trajan to supplement the nearby port of Ostia. In Japan, during the Edo period, the island of Dejima was the only port open for trade with Europe and received only a single Dutch ship per year, whereas Osaka was the largest domestic port and the main trade hub for rice. Post-classical Swahili kingdoms are known to have had trade port islands and trade routes[6] with the Islamic world and Asia. They were described by Greek historians as "metropolises".[7] Famous African trade ports such as Mombasa, Zanzibar, Mogadishu and Kilwa[8] were known to Chinese sailors such as Zheng He and medieval Islamic historians such as the Berber Islamic voyager Abu Abdullah ibn Battuta.[9] Many of these ancient sites no longer exist or function as modern ports. Even in more recent times, ports sometimes fall out of use. Rye, East Sussex, was an important English port in the Middle Ages, but the coastline changed and it is now 2 miles (3.2 km) from the sea, while the ports of Ravenspurn and Dunwich have been lost to coastal erosion. Modern ports[edit] Whereas early ports tended to be just simple harbours, modern ports tend to be multimodal distribution hubs, with transport links using sea, river, canal, road, rail and air routes. Successful ports are located to optimize access to an active hinterland, such as the London Gateway. Ideally, a port will grant easy navigation to ships, and will give shelter from wind and waves. Ports are often on estuaries, where the water may be shallow and may need regular dredging. Deep water ports such as Milford Haven are less common, but can handle larger ships with a greater draft, such as super tankers, Post-Panamax vessels and large container ships. Other businesses such as regional distribution centres, warehouses and freight-forwarders, canneries and other processing facilities find it advantageous to be located within a port or nearby. Modern ports will have specialised cargo-handling equipment, such as gantry cranes, reach stackers and forklift trucks. Ports usually have specialised functions: some tend to cater mainly for passenger ferries and cruise ships; some specialise in container traffic or general cargo; and some ports play an important military role for their nation's navy. Some third world countries and small islands such as Ascension and St Helena still have limited port facilities, so that ships must anchor off while their cargo and passengers are taken ashore by barge or launch (respectively). In modern times, ports survive or decline, depending on current economic trends. In the UK, both the ports of Liverpool and Southampton were once significant in the transatlantic passenger liner business. Once airliner traffic decimated that trade, both ports diversified to container cargo and cruise ships. Up until the 1950s the Port of London was a major international port on the River Thames, but changes in shipping and the use of containers and larger ships have led to its decline. Thamesport,[10] a small semi-automated container port (with links to the Port of Felixstowe, the UK's largest container port) thrived for some years, but has been hit hard by competition from the emergent London Gateway port and logistics hub. In mainland Europe, it is normal for ports to be publicly owned, so that, for instance, the ports of Rotterdam and Amsterdam are owned partly by the state and partly by the cities themselves.[11] Even though modern ships tend to have bow-thrusters and stern-thrusters,[citation needed] many port authorities still require vessels to use pilots and tugboats for manoeuvering large ships in tight quarters. For instance, ships approaching the Belgian port of Antwerp, an inland port on the River Scheldt, are obliged to use Dutch pilots when navigating on that part of the estuary that belongs to the Netherlands. Ports with international traffic have customs facilities. The Тrumр indictmеnts are serving as the perfect cover story… Covering [what’s happening inside this building]( in sunny Orlando Florida… [Вuilding]( The terms "port" and "seaport" are used for different types of facilities handling ocean-going vessels, and river port is used for river traffic, such as barges and other shallow-draft vessels. Inland port[edit] Main article: Inland port An inland port is a port on a navigable lake, river (fluvial port), or canal with access to a sea or ocean, which therefore allows a ship to sail from the ocean inland to the port to load or unload its cargo. An example of this is the St. Lawrence Seaway which allows ships to travel from the Atlantic Ocean several thousand kilometers inland to Great Lakes ports like Toronto, Duluth-Superior, and Chicago.[12] The term "inland port" is also used for dry ports. Seaport[edit] A seaport is a port located on the shore of a sea or ocean. It is further categorized as commercial and non-commercial: [13] Commercial ones includes "cruise ports" and "cargo ports". Additionally, "cruise ports" are also known as a "home port" or a "port of call"; and "cargo port" is also further categorized into a "bulk" or "break bulk port" or as a "container port". Non-commercial seaports are marina and fishing ports. Cargo port[edit] Cargo ports are quite different from cruise ports, because each handles very different cargo, which has to be loaded and unloaded by a variety of mechanical means. Bulk cargo ports may handle one particular type of cargo or numerous cargoes, such as grains, liquid fuels, liquid chemicals, wood, automobiles, etc. Such ports are known as the "bulk" or "break bulk ports". Ports that handle containerized cargo are known as container ports. Most cargo ports handle all sorts of cargo, but some ports are very specific as to what cargo they handle. Additionally, individual cargo ports may be divided into different operating terminals which handle the different types of cargoes, and may be operated by different companies, also known as terminal operators, or stevedores.[14] Cruise port[edit] A cruise home port is the port where cruise ship passengers board (or embark) to start their cruise and disembark the cruise ship at the end of their cruise. It is also where the cruise ship's supplies are loaded for the cruise, which includes everything from fresh water and fuel to fruits, vegetables, champagne, and any other supplies needed for the cruise. "Cruise home ports" are very busy places during the day the cruise ship is in port, because off-going passengers debark their baggage and on-coming passengers board the ship in addition to all the supplies being loaded. Cruise home ports tend to have large passenger terminals to handle the large number of passengers passing through the port. The busiest cruise home port in the world is the Port of Miami, Florida. Port of call[edit] A port of call is an intermediate stop for a ship on its sailing itinerary. At these ports, cargo ships may take on supplies or fuel, as well as unloading and loading cargo while cruise liners have passengers get on or off ship. Fishing port[edit] A fishing port is a port or harbor for landing and distributing fish. It may be a recreational facility, but it is usually commercial. A fishing port is the only port that depends on an ocean product, and depletion of fish may cause a fishing port to be uneconomical. Marina[edit] A marina is a port for recreational boating. Chris Rowe – 28-year Wаll Strееt insidеr just received exclusive fооtаgе еxроsing everything that is hарреning inside this building… Fооtаgе that the average American would likely never see… And he is sharing it with a select group of individual invеstоrs… I have managed to get you on that list. [Сliсk hеrе to sее the fооtаgе for yourself]( – and discover the tiсkеr completely frее. To Your Success, [Вill Sреnсеr] Bill Spencer Editor-in-Chief, True Market Insiders Warm-water port[edit] A warm-water port (also known as an ice-free port) is one where the water does not freeze in winter. This is mainly used in the context of countries with mostly cold winters where parts of the coastline freezes over every winter. Because they are available year-round, warm-water ports can be of great geopolitical or economic interest. Such settlements as Narvik in Norway, Dalian in China, Murmansk, Novorossiysk, Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky and Vostochny Port[15] in Russia, Odesa in Ukraine, Kushiro in Japan and Valdez at the terminus of the Alaska Pipeline owe their very existence to being ice-free ports. The Baltic Sea and similar areas have ports available year-round beginning in the 20th century thanks to icebreakers, but earlier access problems prompted Russia to expand its territory to the Black Sea. Dry port[edit] Main article: Dry port A dry port is an inland intermodal terminal directly connected by road or rail to a seaport and operating as a centre for the transshipment of sea cargo to inland destinations.[16] Smart port[edit] Main article: Smart port A smart port uses technologies, including the Internet of Things (IoT) and artificial intelligence (AI) to be more efficient at handling goods.[17] Smart ports usually deploy cloud-based software as part of the process of greater automation to help generate the operating flow that helps the port work smoothly.[18] At present, most of the world's ports have somewhat embedded technology, if not for full leadership. However, thanks to global government initiatives and exponential growth in maritime trade, the amount of intelligent ports has gradually increased. This latest report by business intelligence provider Visiongain assesses that Smart Ports Market spending will reach $1.5 bn in 2019.[19] Environmental issues[edit] [icon] This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (December 2020) Further information: Environmental impact of shipping Ports and their operation are often a cause of environmental issues, such as sediment contamination and spills from ships and are susceptible to larger environmental issues, such as human caused climate change and its effects.[20] Dredging[edit] Main article: Dredging Every year 100 million cubic metres of marine sediment are dredged to improve waterways around ports. Dredging, in its practice, disturbs local ecosystems, brings sediments into the water column, and can stir up pollutants captured in the sediments.[20] Invasive species[edit] Invasive species are often spread by the bilge water and species attached to the hulls of ships.[20] It is estimated that there are over 7000 invasive species transported in bilge water around the world on a daily basis[21] Invasive species can have direct or in-direct interactions with native sea life. Direct interaction such as predation, is when a native species with no natural predator is all of a sudden prey of an invasive specie. In-direct interaction can be diseases or other health conditions brought by invasive species. [22] A ship pumping bilge water into a harbor Air pollution[edit] Ports are also a source of increased air pollution as a result of ships and land transportation at the port. Transportation corridors around ports have higher exhaust emissions and this can have related health effects on local communities.[20] Water quality[edit] Water quality around ports is often lower because of both direct and indirect pollution from the shipping, and other challenges caused by the port's community, such as trash washing into the ocean.[20] Spills, pollution and contamination[edit] Sewage from ships, and leaks of oil and chemicals from shipping vessels can contaminate local water, and cause other effects like nutrient pollution in the water.[20] Climate change and sea level rise[edit] Ports and their infrastructure are very vulnerable to climate change and sea level rise, because many of them are in low-lying areas designed for status quo water levels.[2] Variable weather, coastal erosion, and sea level rise all put pressure on existing infrastructure, resulting in subsidence, coastal flooding and other direct pressures on the port.[2] Reducing impact[edit] There are several initiatives to decrease negative environmental impacts of ports.[23][24][25] The World Port Sustainability Program points to all of the Sustainable Development Goals as potential ways of addressing port sustainability.[26] These include SIMPYC, the World Ports Climate Initiative, the African Green Port Initiative, EcoPorts and Green Marine.[25][27] [Cross Market Review]( We are reaching out to you because you have shown interest in Financial Content by filling out one of our sign-up forms or pages. 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