✖️ Intеrnеt sеrviсе disruрtion schеdulеd for Dесеmber 31? – August 13

✖️ I need you to do something right away... [Cross Market Review]( At Cross Market Review, we are serious about being your “eyes and ears” for special opportunities for you to take advantage of. The message below from one of our partners is one we think you should take a close look at. [--------------][--------------] Persian dominance[edit] Main article: Achaemenid Empire By 650, Assyria had started declining as a severe drought hit the Middle East and an alliance was formed against them.[30] Eventually they were replaced by the Median empire as the main power of the region following the Battle of Carchemish (605) and the Battle of the Eclipse (585).[31] The Medians served as the launching pad for the rise of the Persian Empire.[32] After first serving as vassals, under the third Persian king Cambyses I their influence rose, and in 553 they rose against the Medians.[32] By the death of Cyrus the Great, the Persian Achaemenid Empire reached from Aegean Sea to Indus River and Caucasus to Nubia.[33] The empire was divided into provinces ruled by satraps, who collected taxes and were typically local power brokers.[34] The empire controlled about a third of the world's farm land and a quarter of its population.[35] In 522, after King Cambyses II's death, Darius the Great took over power.[36] Greek dominance[edit] Main article: Ancient Greece As the population of Ancient Greece grew, they began a colonization of the Mediterranean region.[37] This encouraged trade, which in turn caused political changes in the city-states with old elites being overthrown in Corinth in 657 and in Athens in 632, for example.[38] There were many wars between the cities as well, including the Messenian Wars (743-742; 685-668), the Lelantine War (710-650), and the First Sacred War (595-585).[38] In the seventh and sixth centuries, Corinth and Sparta were the dominant powers of Greece.[39] The former was eventually supplanted by Athens as the main sea power, while Sparta remained the dominant land-force.[40] In 499, in the Ionian Revolt Greek cities in Asia Minor rebelled against the Persian Empire but were crushed in the Battle of Lade.[41] After this, the Persians invaded the Greek mainland in the Greco-Persian Wars (499-449).[41] The Macedonian King Philip II (350-336) conquered much of Greece.[42] In 338, he formed the League of Corinth to liberate Greeks in Asia Minor from the Persians, with 10,000 troops invading in 336.[42] After his murder, his son Alexander the Great took charge and crossed the Dardanelles in 334.[43] After Asia Minor had been conquered, Alexander invaded Levant, Egypt, and Mesopotamia, defeating the Persians under Darius the Great in the Battle of Gaugamela in 331, and ending the last resistance by 328.[43] After Alexander's death in Babylon in 323, the Macedonian Empire had no designated successor.[44] This led to its division into four: the Antigonid dynasty in Macedonia, the Attalid dynasty in Anatolia, the Ptolemaic Kingdom in Egypt, and the Seleucid Empire over Mesopotamia.[45] Roman dominance[edit] Main article: Ancient Rome The Roman Republic became dominant in the Mediterranean Basin in the 3rd century BC after defeating the Samnites, the Gauls and the Etruscans for control of the Italian Peninsula.[46] In 264, it challenged its main rival Carthage to a fight for Sicily, starting the Punic Wars.[47] A truce was signed in 241, with Rome gaining Corsica and Sardinia in addition to Sicily.[47] In 218, the Carthaginian Army general Hannibal marched out of Iberia towards Italy, crossing the Alps with his war elephants.[48] After 15 years of fighting, the Roman republican army beat him and then sent troops against Carthage itself, defeating it in 202.[49] The Second Punic War alone cost Rome 100,000 casualties.[50] In 146, Carthage was finally destroyed completely at the end of the Third Punic War.[51] Rome suffered from various internal disturbances and instabilities. In 133, Tiberius Gracchus was killed alongside hundreds of supporters after trying to redistribute public land to the poor under the lex agraria.[52] The Social War (91-88) was caused by neighbouring cities trying to secure themselves the benefits of Roman citizenship.[52] In 82, general Sulla captured power violently, ending the Roman Republic and becoming a dictator.[53] Following his death new power struggles emerged, and in Caesar's Civil War (49-46), Julius Caesar and Pompey fought over the empire, with the former winning.[54] After the assassination of Julius Caesar in 44, a second civil war broke out between his potential heirs, Mark Antony and Augustus, the latter gaining the new title of Roman emperor.[54] This then led to the Pax Romana, a long period of peace in the Roman Empire.[55] The quarrels between the Ptolemaic Kingdom, the Seleucid Empire, the Parthian Empire and the Kingdom of Pontus in the Near East allowed the Romans to expand up to the Euphrates.[42] During Augustus' reign the Rhine, Danube, and the Sahara became the other borders of the empire.[56] The population reached about 60 million.[57] Political instability in Rome grew. Emperor Caligula (37-41) was murdered by the Praetorian Guard to replace him with Claudius (41-53), while his successor Nero (54-68) was rumored to have burned Rome down.[58] The average reign from his death to Philip the Arab (244-249) was six years.[58] Nevertheless, external expansion continued, with Trajan (98-117) invading Dacia, Parthia and Arabia.[59] Its only formidable enemy was the Parthian Empire.[60] Migrating peoples started exerting pressure on the borders of the empire in the Migration Period.[61] The drying climate of Central Asia forced the Huns to move, and in 370 they crossed Don and soon after the Danube, forcing the Goths on the move, which in turn caused other Germanic tribes to overrun Roman borders.[62] In 293, Diocletian (284-305) appointed three rulers for different parts of the empire.[63] It was formally divided in 395 by Theodosius I (379-395) into the Western Roman and Byzantine Empires.[64] In 406 the northern border of the former was overrun by the Alemanni, Vandals and Suebi.[65] In 408 the Visigoths invaded Italy and then sacked Rome in 410.[65] The final collapse of the Western Empire came in 476 with the deposal of Romulus Augustulus (475-476).[66] Indian Dear Reader, I need you to do something right away: Check this out. Because a new Internet is coming as soon as December 31st, 2023... And as you’ll see, it could change your life forever. [Click here now for the full story]( Best, Indian subcontinent[edit] See also: Middle kingdoms of India The Maurya Empire. Built around the Indus River, by 2500 BCE the Indus Valley civilization, located in modern-day India, Pakistan and Afghanistan, had formed. The civilization's boundaries extended to 600 km from the Arabian Sea.[67] After its cities Mohenjo-daro and Harappa were abandoned around 1900 BCE, no political power is known to have replaced it.[68] States began to form in 12th century BCE with the formation of Kuru Kingdom which was first state level administration in Indian subcontinent. In 6th century BCE with the emergence of Mahajanapadas.[69] Out of sixteen such states, four strong ones emerged: Kosala, Magadha, Vatsa, and Avanti, with Magadha dominating the rest by the mid-fifth century.[70] The Magadha then transformed into the Nanda Empire under Mahapadma Nanda (345-321), extending from the Gangetic plains to the Hindu Kush and the Deccan Plateau.[71] The empire was, however, overtaken by Chandragupta Maurya (324-298), turning it into the Maurya Empire.[71] He defended against Alexander's invasion from the West and received control of the Hindu Kush mountain passes in a peace treaty signed in 303.[71] By the time of his grandson Ashoka's rule, the empire stretched from Zagros Mountains to the Brahmaputra River.[72] The empire contained a population of 50 to 60 million, governed by a system of provinces ruled by governor-princes, with a capital in Pataliputra.[73] After Ashoka's death, the empire had begun to decline, with Kashmir in the north, Shunga and Satavahana in the centre, and Kalinga as well as Pandya in the south becoming independent.[74] In to this power vacuum, the Yuezhi were able to establish the new Kushan Empire in 30 CE.[75] The Gupta Empire was founded by Chandragupta I (320-335), which in sixty years expanded from the Ganges to the Bay of Bengal and the Indus River following the downfall of the Kushan Empire.[76] Gupta governance was similar to that of the Maurya.[77] Following wars with the Hephthalites and other problems, the empire fell by 550.[78] Qin dynasty. China[edit] See also: Ancient China In the North China Plain, the Yellow River allowed the rise of states such as Wei and Qi.[79] This area was first unified by the Shang dynasty around 1600 BCE, and replaced by the Zhou dynasty in the Battle of Muye in 1046 BCE, with reportedly millions taking part in the fighting.[79] The victors were however hit by internal unrest soon after.[80] The main rivals of the Zhou were the Dongyi in Shandong, the Xianyun in Ordos, the Guifang in Shanxi, as well as the Chu in the middle reaches of the Yangtze.[81] Beginning in the eighth century BCE China fell into a state of anarchy for five centuries during the Spring and Autumn (771-476) and Warring States periods (476-221).[82] During the latter period, the Jin dynasty split into the Wei, Zhao and Han states, while the rest of the North China Plain was composed of the Chu, Qin, Qi and Yan states, while the Zhou remained in the centre with largely ceremonial power.[83] While the Zhao had an advantage at first, the Qin ended up defeating them in 260 with about half a million soldiers fighting on each side at the Battle of Changping.[84] The other states tried to form an alliance against the Qin but were defeated.[85] In 221, the Qin dynasty was established with a population of about 40 million, with a capital of 350,000 in Linzi.[86] Under the leadership of Qin Shi Huang, the dynasty initiated reforms such as establishing territorial administrative units, infrastructure projects (including the Great Wall of China) and uniform Chinese characters.[87] However, after his death and burial with the Terracotta Army, the empire started falling apart when the Chu and Han started fighting over a power vacuum left by a weak heir, with the Han dynasty rising to power in 204 BCE.[88] Under the Han, the population of China rose to 50 million, with 400,000 in the capital Chang'an, and with territorial expansion to Korea, Vietnam and Tien Shan.[89] Expeditions were also sent against the Xiongnu and to secure the Hexi Corridor, the Nanyue kingdom was annexed, and Hainan and Taiwan conquered.[90] The Chinese pressure on the Xiongnu forced them towards the west, leading to the exodus of the Yuezhi, who in turn pillaged the capital of Bactria.[91] This then led to their new Kushan Empire.[75] The end of the Han dynasty came following internal upheavals in 220 CE, with its split into the Shu, Wu and Wei states.[42] Despite the rise of the Jin dynasty (266–420), China was soon invaded by the Xiongnu in the rebellion of the Five Barbarians (304-316), who conquered large areas of the Northern China plain and declared the Northern Wei in 399.[92] [Signature] Michael Robinson Chief Investment Officer Trend Trader Daily Americas[edit] See also: Pre-Columbian era The Olmecs were the first major Indigenous American culture, with some smaller ones such as the Chavín culture amongst mainly hunter-gatherers.[93] The Olmecs were limited by the dense forests and the long rainy season of the Olmec heartland, as well as the lack of horses.[94] Post-classical era[edit] Main article: Post-classical history Africa[edit] The coast of East Africa contained a string of trading cities connected to kingdoms in the interior.[95] The Horn of Africa was dominated by the Ethiopian Empire by the 13th and 14th centuries.[95] South from it were the Swahili cities of Mogadishu, Mombasa, Zanzibar, Kilwa, and Sofala.[96] By the 14th century, Kilwa had conquered most of the others.[96] It also engaged in campaigns against the inland power of Great Zimbabwe.[96] Great Zimbabwe was itself overtaken in trade by its rival, the Kingdom of Mutapa.[96] Towards the north, the Empire of Kitara dominated the African Great Lakes in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries.[97] Towards the Atlantic coast, the Kingdom of Kongo was of regional importance around the same time.[97] The Gulf of Guinea had the Kingdom of Benin.[97] To the north, in the Sahel, there was a tripartite competition between the Mossi Kingdoms, the Songhai Empire, as well as the Mali Empire, with the latter declining in the fifteenth century.[98] Americas[edit] The Tiwanaku Polity in western Bolivia based in the southern Lake Titicaca Basin. Its influence extended into present-day Peru and Chile and lasted from around 600 to 1000 AD.[99] Chimor was the political grouping of the Chimú culture that ruled the northern coast of Peru beginning around 850 and ending around 1470. Chimor was the largest kingdom in the Late Intermediate period, encompassing 1,000 kilometres (620 mi) of coastline. The Aymara kingdoms in turn were a group of native polities that flourished towards the Late Intermediate Period, after the fall of the Tiwanaku Empire, whose societies were geographically located in the Qullaw. They were developed between 1150 and 1477, before the kingdoms disappeared due to the military conquest of the Inca Empire. Beginning around 250 AD, the Maya civilization develop many city-states linked by a complex trade network. In the Maya Lowlands two great rivals, the cities of Tikal and Calakmul, became powerful. The period also saw the intrusive intervention of the central Mexican city of Teotihuacan in Maya dynastic politics. In the 9th century, there was a widespread political collapse in the central Maya region, resulting in internecine warfare, the abandonment of cities, and a northward shift of population. The Postclassic period saw the rise of Chichen Itza in the north, and the expansion of the aggressive Kʼicheʼ kingdom in the Guatemalan Highlands. In the 16th century, the Spanish Empire colonised the Mesoamerican region, and a lengthy series of campaigns saw the fall of Nojpetén, the last Maya city, in 1697. The Aztec Empire was formed as an alliance of three Nahua altepetl city-states: Mexico-Tenochtitlan, Tetzcoco, and Tlacopan. from the victorious factions of a civil war fought between the city of Azcapotzalco and its former tributary provinces. These three city-states ruled the area in and around the Valley of Mexico from 1428 until the combined forces of the Spanish conquistadores and their native allies under Hernán Cortés defeated them in 1521. Despite the initial conception of the empire as an alliance of three self-governed city-states, Tenochtitlan quickly became dominant militarily.[100] By the time the Spanish arrived in 1519, the lands of the Alliance were effectively ruled from Tenochtitlan, while the other partners in the alliance had taken subsidiary roles. The Tarascan state was the second-largest state in Mesoamerica at the time.[101] It was founded in the early 14th century. [Cross Market Review]( We are reaching out to you because you have shown interest in Financial Content by filling out one of our sign-up forms or pages. [Privacy Policy]( | [Terms & Conditions]( Email sent by Finance and Investing Traffic, LLC, owner and operator of Cross Market Review (CMR) This offer is brought to you by Cross Market Review. 221 W 9th St # Wilmington, DE 19801. If you would like to unsubscribe from receiving offers brought to you by Cross Market Review [click here](. If you have any questions or concerns, our support team is always available to assist you. Please don’t hesitate [to reach out to us](mailto:support@crossmarketreview.com) whenever you need help. For the case of security questions, please contact us at abuse@crossmarketreview.com. [Whitelisting us]( is the simplest way to keep up with the latest news and trends in the world of investing. Copyright © 2023 Cross Market Review. All rights reserved[.]( [Unsubscribe]( [Cross Market Review](