On This Day for July 28 - Beginning of World War I, Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis is featured, and more

This message contains graphics. If you do not see the graphics, [click here to view](. July 28 [Kennedy, John F.; Kennedy, Jacqueline]( FEATURED BIOGRAPHY 1929 Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis [READ MORE]( [German infantrymen operating a machine gun during World War I.]( FEATURED EVENT 1914 Beginning of World War I [READ MORE]( Advertisement Advertisement [Earth's To-Do List]( MORE EVENTS ON THIS DAY [IRA graffito] 2005: The [Irish Republican Army]( announced that it had ended its armed campaign and instead would pursue only peaceful means to achieve its objectives. [The first page of the Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution of the United States of America.] 1868: The [Fourteenth Amendment]( to the [U.S. Constitution]( granted citizenship and equal civil and legal rights to African Americans and slaves who had been emancipated after the [Civil War]( into force. [Gerard Manley Hopkins, detail of a portrait by Harry Ellis Wooldridge; in a private collection.] 1844: [Gerard Manley Hopkins]( who was one of the most individual of Victorian writers and who influenced many leading 20th-century poets, was born in Stratford, Essex, England. [Map depicting the intensity of shaking experienced during the Tangshan earthquake of July 28, 1976.] 1976: An [earthquake]( in the industrial city of [Tangshan]( China, killed more than 240,000 people. [Peru] 1821: [Peru]( declared its independence from [Spain](. [Robespierre, Maximilien: guillotine] 1794: [Maximilien Robespierre]( a radical Jacobin leader and one of the principal figures in the [French Revolution]( was guillotined before a cheering mob on the Place de la Révolution in Paris. [SEE ALL EVENTS ON THIS DAY]( ALSO BORN ON THIS DAY 1887 [Marcel Duchamp]( French artist 1954 [Hugo Chávez]( president of Venezuela 1902 [Karl Popper]( British philosopher 1635 [Robert Hooke]( British scientist 1866 [Beatrix Potter]( British author [SEE ALL BIOS ON THIS DAY]( Advertisement FOLLOW: [Facebook]( [Twitter]( [YouTube]( To unsubscribe from Britannica e-mails, [click here](. Encyclopædia Britannica 325 N. LaSalle Street, Suite 200 Chicago, Illinois 60654 United States © 2019 Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc. [Privacy Policy]( • [Help](