On This Day for December 1 - Rosa Parks's refusal to relinquish her bus seat, Karl Schmidt-Rottluff is featured, and more

This message contains graphics. If you do not see the graphics, [click here to view](. December 01 [Self-Portrait with Monocle, oil on canvas by Karl Schmidt-Rottluff, 1910; in the National Gallery, Berlin.]( FEATURED BIOGRAPHY 1884 Karl Schmidt-Rottluff German artist [Karl Schmidt-Rottluff]( born this day in 1884 and noted for his landscapes and nudes, cofounded in 1905 [Die Brücke]( a group of German painters and printmakers who were pivotal to the development of [Expressionism](. [SEE ALL BORN ON THIS DAY]( [Rosa Parks sitting on a bus in Montgomery, Alabama, 1956.]( FEATURED EVENT 1955 Rosa Parks's refusal to relinquish her bus seat This day in 1955, in violation of [segregation]( laws in [Montgomery]( Alabama, [Rosa Parks]( refused to surrender her bus seat to a white passenger and was arrested, sparking a 381-day bus boycott led by [Martin Luther King, Jr.]( [SEE ALL EVENTS ON THIS DAY]( Advertisement Advertisement MORE EVENTS ON THIS DAY [Former Enron employees sitting with their belongings after layoffs by the bankrupt energy-trading company.] 2001: Following revelations of massive accounting fraud, [Enron]( filed for [bankruptcy]( protection; the energy-trading company was once the seventh largest corporation in the United States. [Fox, Vicente] 2000: [Vicente Fox]( was inaugurated as president of [Mexico]( ending the dominance of the [Institutional Revolutionary Party]( which had ruled since 1929. [The red AIDS ribbon.] 1988: The first [World AIDS Day]( was held. [Diane Keaton and Woody Allen in Annie Hall (1977).] 1935: American filmmaker [Woody Allen]( was best known for his bittersweet comic movies containing elements of parody, slapstick, and the absurd—was born. [Wax sculpture of Marie Tussaud.] 1761: [Marie Tussaud]( the founder of Madame Tussaud's museum of [wax figures]( was born in France. [Antarctica: Mount Erebus] 1959: The [Antarctic Treaty]( was signed by 12 countries, making the [Antarctic continent]( a demilitarized zone to be preserved for scientific research. [SEE ALL EVENTS ON THIS DAY]( ALSO BORN ON THIS DAY 1935 Woody Allen American actor and director 1940 Richard Pryor American comedian and actor 1976 Matthew Shepard American murder victim 1945 Bette Midler American actress and singer 1896 Georgy Zhukov Soviet marshal 1844 Alexandra queen consort of Great Britain [SEE ALL BIOS ON THIS DAY]( Advertisement FOLLOW: [Facebook]( [Twitter]( [YouTube]( To unsubscribe from Britannica e-mails, [click here](. Encyclopædia Britannica 325 N. LaSalle Street, Suite 200 Chicago, Illinois 60654 United States © 2018 Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc. [Privacy Policy]( • [Help](