On This Day for October 1 - People's Republic of China established, Jimmy Carter is featured, and more

This message contains graphics. If you do not see the graphics, [click here to view](. October 01 [Carter, Jimmy] FEATURED BIOGRAPHY 1924 Jimmy Carter Born this day in 1924, [Jimmy Carter]( served as the 39th [U.S. president]( (1977–81) during a turbulent time at home and abroad, and he later received the [Nobel Prize]( for Peace in 2002 for his humanitarian work. [SEE ALL BIOS ON THIS DAY]( [Mao Zedong] FEATURED EVENT 1949 People's Republic of China established In [Beijing]( with most of the Chinese mainland held by the [communist]( [People's Liberation Army]( its dynamic leader, [Mao Zedong]( proclaimed the establishment of the [People's Republic of China]( on this day in 1949. [SEE ALL EVENTS ON THIS DAY]( MORE EVENTS ON THIS DAY 1982: [Congress]( established the U.S. Claims Court (now the [U.S. Court of Federal Claims]( to handle cases in which the [United States]( is a defendant. [Nigeria] 1960: [Nigeria]( gained its independence from [Britain]( but remained a member of the [Commonwealth](. [Former Nazi leader Hermann Göring standing in the prisoner's box during the Nürnberg trials.] 1946: The verdict was handed down on 22 of the original 24 defendants in the [Nürnberg trials]( a series of trials held after [World War II]( in which the International Military Tribunal indicted and tried former [Nazi]( leaders as [war criminals](. [Franco, Francisco] 1936: [Francisco Franco]( became head of the new Nationalist regime of [Spain]( at the beginning of the [Spanish Civil War](. [Alexander the Great] 331 bce: [Alexander the Great]( of Macedonia defeated [Darius III]( of [Persia]( at the Battle of Gaugamela, spelling the end of the Persian empire. [Casinos on the Strip, Las Vegas, Nev.] 2017: From his hotel room in [Las Vegas]( 64-year-old gunman Stephen Paddock opened fire on a music festival, killing 58 people and wounding hundreds before taking his own life; it surpassed the [Orlando shooting]( (2016) as the deadliest [mass shooting]( in modern U.S. history. [SEE ALL EVENTS ON THIS DAY]( ALSO BORN ON THIS DAY 1935 Dame Julie Andrews British actress and singer 1930 Richard Harris Irish actor 1928 Sivaji Ganesan Indian actor 1966 George Weah president of Liberia 1207 Henry III king of England [1207–1272] [SEE ALL BIOS ON THIS DAY]( FOLLOW: [Facebook]( [Twitter]( [YouTube]( To unsubscribe from Britannica e-mails, [click here](. Encyclopædia Britannica 325 N. LaSalle Street, Suite 200 Chicago, Illinois 60654 United States © 2018 Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc. [Privacy Policy]( • [Help](